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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 161   162   163   164   165 
Assessment of Urban Changes at the Residential Neighbourhood Level Based on Satellite Imageries Kadhim, Nada; Salih, Nabil M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-05

Abstract

Ongoing urban expansion leads to the steady loss of green spaces. Residential units' gardens and green open spaces are a vital part of city life, contributing considerably to urban green infrastructure and ecological services. However, these areas are diverse, making it difficult to assess their changes over time to take advantage of their benefits and contribution to sustainable urban development. This study proposes a new methodology that combines survey data with high-resolution image analysis to construct maps and statistics of change in two residential neighbourhood areas in the Iraqi city of Baqubah. Three change detection techniques utilising very high-resolution multispectral Pléiades images were used to evaluate the changes: pixel value differencing, band index differencing, and categorical change detection. Then, a unique strategy employing geo-processing processes by the ModelBuilder tool was applied to the evaluation outcomes to assess the changes in a final manner. In addition to survey data that supported the final change detection outcomes, study validation was conducted through field verification, and the mean accuracy was 93%. The final results indicated that open or green spaces decreased over a period of seven years at rates of 24% and 14% of the total of both areas assessed. Policymakers and urban planners see such privately owned land as difficult to affect. However, reducing vegetative cover areas and turning them into impermeable surfaces may result in the areas becoming inefficient in the development of urban sustainability. Our developed method demonstrates the capability of utilising Very High Resolution (VHR) imagery with local survey data to accurately infer changes in urban vegetation within residential neighbourhood regions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-05 Full Text: PDF
Shape Functions Development for Beam-Column Element with Semi-Rigid Connections in Second-Order Steel Frame Analysis Vu, Quoc Anh; Dung, Bao Trung Le; Nguyen, Hai Quang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-021

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to provide a novel method for developing the shape functions of a beam-column element with semi-rigid connection ends, thereby establishing a static analysis method for semi-rigid steel frames. This method takes into account the influence of the P-Delta effect, according to the finite element method based on displacement (FEM). The shape function is established directly from a third-order Hermitian displacement function polynomial combined with the bending element deflection differential equation. The linear elastic stiffness matrix, the geometric stiffness matrix of a semi-rigid connection beam-column, and the equilibrium equation of the element in a local coordinate system are simultaneously obtained by applying Castigliano’s theorem (Part 1) for elastic deformation potential energy expression. The computational program was developed using Matlab software, and the calculation results are verified against published research results, showing that the derived shape functions and the steel frame analysis method are reliable and trustworthy. In addition, this article also derives stiffness matrices and an equivalent nodal load vector for specific cases where the semi-rigid connection is fully rigid (FR) or a pin connection. The derived shape functions are polynomial expressions with coefficients that are simply calculated from the connection stiffness and the geometric and material characteristics of the element, making them highly convenient to use. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-021 Full Text: PDF
Methodology of Studies for Construction of Water Reservoir Dams in Countries Prone to Landslide Hazard Igityan, Hayk; Elbakyan, Elbak; Hakobyan, Hayarpi; Petrosyan, Vanik; Karamyan, Raffi; Gevorgyan, Ani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-016

Abstract

Construction of water reservoirs often has significant geomorphological and environmental impacts, particularly in regions prone to landslides. This study addresses the critical issue of slope stability in the context of the construction of a planned water reservoir in Astghadzor, Gegharkunik Marz, Armenia. The primary objectives are to investigate the stability of slopes, identify potential landslide triggers, and evaluate seismic impacts using advanced numerical modeling techniques. GeoStudio SLOPE/W software was employed, with calculations performed using the Morgenstern-Price and Spencer methods, which ensure rigorous equilibrium conditions for mountainous terrains. Field investigations and laboratory tests provided input data, forming an engineering-geology model for the analysis. The results reveal that the slopes remain stable under static loading conditions; however, seismic loading renders them unstable, particularly in soils related to Category III. Stability factors decrease by approximately 68% under adverse soil conditions. These findings underline the necessity for incorporating advanced stabilization measures and soil-specific interventions into the design of water reservoir dams. This study contributes to optimizing design methodologies, improving the safety of reservoirs, and guiding future research in landslide-prone and geologically challenging regions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-016 Full Text: PDF
Mechanical Properties of Cement-Stabilized Sandy Soils Modified with Consoil Ahmed, Mustafa I.; Abed, Alaa H.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-011

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical enhancement of sandy soils through cement stabilization modified with Consoil, targeting improved pavement substructure performance. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on samples with varying cement contents (3%, 6%, 9%), Consoil dosages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by cement weight), and curing periods (3, 7, 28, 90 days). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction analyses complemented mechanical testing to understand strengthening mechanisms. Results demonstrated that 15% Consoil consistently optimized strength development across all cement contents, with 9% cement and 15% Consoil achieving peak 90-day UCS of 17.74 MPa, representing a 67% increase over control samples. Microstructural analysis revealed progressive matrix refinement with increasing Consoil content, while XRD indicated enhanced pozzolanic activity through calcium hydroxide consumption. The study introduces Consoil as an effective stabilization additive, establishing optimal dosage rates and demonstrating significant strength improvements through synergistic cement-Consoil interactions. The findings provide new insights into strength enhancement mechanisms in Consoil-modified cement-stabilized soils, offering practical guidelines for designing high-performance pavement substructures. The research contributes to sustainable construction practices by optimizing cement usage through Consoil incorporation. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-011 Full Text: PDF
Benchmarking Classical and Deep Machine Learning Models for Predicting Hot Mix Asphalt Dynamic Modulus Zeiada, Waleed; Obaid, Lubna; El-Badawy, Sherif; Abd El-Hakim, Ragaa; Awed, Ahmed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-06

Abstract

The dynamic modulus (|E*|) of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a crucial mechanistic characteristic essential in defining the strain response of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures under varying loading rates and temperatures. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of classical machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms as applied to the prediction of |E*| and compare their performance with renowned |E*| regression models (Witczak NCHRP 1-37A, Witczak NCHRP 1-40D, and Hirsch). Eight state-of-the-art ML and DL algorithms are attempted with diverse structures, including multiple linear regression (MLR), decision trees (DT), support vector regression (SVR), ensemble trees (ET), Gaussian process regression (GPR), artificial neural networks (ANN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). A comprehensive database was assembled, incorporating 50 AC mixtures, of which 25 were from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and 25 were from the state of Idaho, USA. This database encompasses an extensive dataset of 3,720 |E*| measurements, associated with thirteen input features representing the proposed AC mixtures’ aggregate gradations, binder characteristics, and volumetric properties. This pioneering study surpasses existing research by examining various algorithms to predict |E*| on the same dataset, applying them with different structures and individual optimization to achieve optimal performance. The developed models are evaluated based on multi-stage assessment criteria, including the accuracy and complexity performance measures and rationality based on a sensitivity analysis. The multi-stage comparative analysis results reveal that the bagging ETs, GPR with exponential kernel, and DT record the highest prediction accuracy; however, only the bagging ETs yield the highest accuracy, lowest training and testing complexity, and rational trends throughout the sensitivity analysis. The research outcome has the potential to provide pavement engineers with advanced tools for predicting |E*| and, therefore, optimizing pavement designs and rehabilitations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-06 Full Text: PDF
Machine Learning and the GR2M Model for Monthly Runoff Forecasting Kaewthong, Natapon; Kanplumjit, Torlap; Kwanthong, Naras; Sureeya, Kritsana; Buathongkhue, Chayanat
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-022

Abstract

This article presents the results of an analysis of monthly rainfall into monthly runoff using Machine Learning algorithms, including Multiple Linear Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine, which were compared with the GR2M hydrologic model to identify the most suitable approach for rainfall-runoff analysis in watersheds in the lower southern region of Thailand. This region is characterized by its unique geographic location at the border between Thailand and Malaysia. It faces challenges due to uncertainty in rainfall data, measured only on the Thai side, leading to a lack of corresponding data from Malaysia. The analysis found that the Machine Learning Support Vector Machine algorithm consistently provided the most accurate results across all sub-basins. Sub-basin TU02 achieved an MAE of 2.63 mm/month, while sub-basin X.119A had an MAE of 68.10 mm/month, sub-basin X.184 had an MAE of 145.05 mm/month, and sub-basin X.274 had an MAE of 66.08 mm/month. This research demonstrated the utility of advanced algorithms in rainfall-runoff analysis for areas with partial or incomplete data coverage. The findings confirm that the Machine Learning Support Vector Machine algorithm outperformed the Hydrologic Model (GR2M) in terms of accuracy and reliability. Therefore, this study concludes that applying the Machine Learning Support Vector Machine algorithm is an optimal approach for runoff prediction in the southern region of Thailand and provides a framework for potential applications in other areas with similar data and geographic challenges. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-022 Full Text: PDF
The Crack Propagation in Different Rock Types: A Comparative Seismic Simulation Mughieda, Omer; Kaiwaan, Abdulhai; Azimi, Sayed Javid; Namdar, Abdoullah; Liu, Yuyi; Alzaylaie, Marwan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-01

Abstract

The presence of a preexisting crack in a rock can affect its stability during seismic events, leading to reduced strength and stiffness. This study, which aims to examine how different types of preexisting fracture angles and the mechanical properties of the rock impact real-time cracking propagation modes and crack propagation shape, has practical implications. The researchers used ABAQUS software to apply simulated seismic loading to their model and studied crack propagation using the extended finite element method (XFEM). They found that the crack propagation shape and real-time cracking propagation vary based on the preexisting fracture angles and the mechanical properties of the rock. Additionally, they observed a significant relationship between strain leading to nonlinear deformations and the mechanical properties and fracture seismic toughness mechanism. These findings can be applied to improve the prediction of failure mechanisms in rocks with different crack shapes and could potentially enhance seismic response simulation and geotechnical earthquake engineering codes. The numerical simulation results were validated and compared to existing literature, further highlighting the practical applications of this study's findings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-01 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Investigation of Single and Intermittent Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Spills Under Dynamic Groundwater Almaliki, Doaa F.; Ramli, Harris; Zaiter, Ali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-017

Abstract

The groundwater contamination from petroleum by-products represented in Light Non-Aqueous Liquid (LNAPL) under groundwater table fluctuations has become a serious environmental problem. For this reason, developing a rapid response strategy incorporating experimental characterization of LNAPL distribution trajectories is crucial for assessing the threats of LNAPL contaminants in the subsurface environment. In this study, the influence of various LNAPL spills in a porous medium under dynamic groundwater conditions was investigated using the Simplified Image Analysis Method (SIAM). Single and intermittent LNAPL (diesel) spills of total volume (400 and 800 ml) were examined in a river sand ‎two-dimensional tank (70 cm × 70 cm × 3.5 cm) under the effect of groundwater table fluctuation. The results indicated that the contaminant was distributed above h=28 cm in the 400 ml LNAPL spill. However, it migrated below h=28 cm, and its saturation reached 36% when the LNAPL volume raised to 800 ml. The LNAPL saturation in the case of four LNAPL intermittent spills was more evenly distributed through the tank depth than in the cases of a single spill of 800 ml and two intermittent spills of 400 ml. Furthermore, LNAPL migrated to a larger depth in the system (h=18.5 cm) only in the case of four LNAPL intermittent spills and under groundwater table fluctuation, which poses a significant threat to the groundwater. This study highlights the importance of the effect of various LNAPL spills under dynamic groundwater conditions, which can offer valuable guidance for developing remediation schemes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-017 Full Text: PDF
River Sand Replacement with Sustainable Sand in Design Mix Concrete for the Construction Industry Akhtar, Mohammad N.; Alotaibi, Abdulaziz; Shbeeb, Nadim I.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-012

Abstract

The present study prepared four sustainable design mixes of concrete using desert sand, modified recycled sand, and supplementary cementitious material silica fume to replace cement. The design mix concrete was prepared using the absolute volume method of a design strength (f´c) and target strength (f´cr)of 30 MPa and 38 MPa, respectively. The analysis of results showed that the four sustainable design mix concrete successfully passed the strength criterion set by the ACI 318-19 building code. The resulting pattern shows an increment in the mechanical and durability properties compared to the reference mix when (50% desert sand + 50% recycled crushed sand) is combined with 5-12.5% silica fume. The optimum result was achieved when the optimized, sustainable sand ratio (50% desert sand + 50% recycled crushed sand) was combined with 10% silica fume. It can be concluded that the prepared concrete has excellent results in terms of concrete strength and durability properties. Furthermore, this study shows that 100% of natural sand and 10% of cement can be saved using the optimal proposed concrete design mix. This study would have explored sustainability in the Saudi region by utilizing a vast percentage of vacant desert sand in concrete manufacturing. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-012 Full Text: PDF
High Initial Concrete Compressive Strength with Variations of Superplasticizer and Silica Fume Additions Rizal, Nanang S.; Arifi, Eva; Mufarida, Nely A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-07

Abstract

Concrete is one of the construction materials resulting from a combination of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water, which are mixed into a solid mass and then can be added with minerals (additives) or chemical additives (admixtures). The purpose of this study is to produce high-quality concrete that is optimum at the early age of the concrete so that the concreting time can be shortened, including by adding superplasticizer as a filler and silica fume as an accelerator. This research method involves making a cylindrical test object with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. Then, the concrete mixture is added with silica fume brand Sika Fume and superplasticizer brand Sika Concrete produced by PT. Sika with 19 variations of the mixture composition; the compressive strength test of the concrete is carried out at 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. The findings are that 75% of concrete samples using additional materials in the form of silica fume and superplasticizer are quite significant in increasing the initial compressive strength of the concrete by up to 30% both at the age of 3 days, as well as at the age of 7 days and 28 days. The use of additional materials in the form of silica fume and superplasticizer in concrete mixtures with the right levels can generally improve the quality of concrete in its initial compressive strength at the age of 3 days or its workability or fluidity. However, silica fume and superplasticizer materials, when entered into concrete, have mutually influenced performance. The innovation is that high-quality concrete that is optimum at an early age of concrete can be done easily and cheaply using materials that are easily found in the field by combining superplasticizer as a filler and silica fume as an accelerator. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-07 Full Text: PDF

Page 163 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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