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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 163   164   165   166   167 
Seismic Assessment of First and Second Secant Stiffness for the Masonry Infilled RC Frame Galatage, Abhijeet A.; Patil, Satish B.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-05

Abstract

The seismic resilience of composite concrete frame structures composed with masonry infill walls, is a critical research area due to its impact on structural performance during earthquakes. Most studies on reinforced concrete (RC) frames focus on key seismic response parameters like lateral strength and overall hysteretic behavior under cyclic loading, often analyzing the first and second secant stiffness throughout the seismic loading process. The present study examines the first and second secant stiffness as the structural performance during earthquake. A series of experimental tests are performed on half scaled RC frames filled with autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) block masonry with external dimensions of 1.5 m x 1.5 m. These frames are subjected to displacements ranging from 2 mm to 6 mm and frequencies between 1 Hz and 7 Hz for simulating earthquake loading conditions. The experimental program aimed to evaluate the resistance of structure to earthquake loading by using dual mode of testing viz. displacement and frequency-controlled loading protocol. During test the RC frame responded elasto-plastically due to minor cracking at block joints and localized yielding at the interface between the frame and the infill at lower frequencies and displacements. Conversely the degradation of both first and second secant stiffness values became more pronounced at higher frequencies. The first secant stiffness decreased by 73.4%, while the second secant stiffness showed increase of 24.6% at a displacement of 4 mm and a frequency of 4 Hz with respect to the previous loading cycle which indicated the complex stress redistribution and temporary stabilization. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-05 Full Text: PDF
A Theoretical Pore Network Model for the Soil–Water Characteristic Curve and Hysteresis in Unsaturated Soils Gómez, Angela V.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-021

Abstract

This study presents a novel approach to modeling the soil–water characteristic curve in unsaturated soils, employing Monte Carlo simulations to capture the complex behavior of the pore network. The primary objective is to develop an alternative method to represent the hysteretic nature of the soil–water characteristic curve, which is critical for understanding unsaturated soil behavior in various engineering applications. The proposed approach conceptualizes soil as a network of interconnected pores, where each pore interacts with its nearest neighbors. Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the pore-filling distribution as a function of pressure differences during drying and wetting cycles. The model effectively reproduces the characteristic hysteresis curves associated with the hydraulic and mechanical processes in unsaturated soils. A key finding is that the simulated soil–water characteristic curve captures the impact of pore-scale interactions and reflects the complex hysteresis effects observed in experimental data. The novelty of this work lies in integrating pore network modeling with Monte Carlo simulations, addressing limitations of traditional models and offering a more accurate representation of unsaturated soil behavior. While the model has not yet undergone experimental validation, it provides valuable insights into the dynamics of soil moisture retention and serves as a foundation for future experimental testing and refinement of soil–water models. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-021 Full Text: PDF
Examining Social Acceptability of Solar Innovations in Smart Cities Khurshid, Muhammad M.; Shehzad, Hafiz M. Faisal; Rashid, Ammar; Adeel, Umar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-016

Abstract

Objective: The global challenge of climate change and the need for energy conservation have prompted a reevaluation of energy sources and policies worldwide. This study aims to investigate the societal acceptability of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems among citizens of smart cities, an aspect crucial yet underexplored in the context of renewable energy technologies. Methods/Analysis: A comprehensive survey was conducted involving 560 respondents to assess public perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors toward solar PV systems. The study also examined the moderating effects of area (urban/rural), gender, trust, and duration of use (experience) on societal acceptability. Findings: The results show that both independent and moderating variables significantly influence the social acceptability of solar innovations in smart cities. Key factors identified include the user-friendly design of solar systems, effective awareness campaigns highlighting their benefits, and compatibility with existing technologies. These elements are crucial in fostering positive attitudes and intentions towards the adoption of solar energy. Novelty/Improvement:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, energy planners, and researchers, emphasizing the importance of considering demographic and experiential factors in policy-making. The findings suggest that societal acceptance of solar PV systems can be enhanced by targeting area-specific needs, leveraging trust, and promoting the benefits of prolonged usage experience. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-016 Full Text: PDF
The Effect of Additional Baffle Plates on Double-Stage Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine Prasetyo, Ari; Rovianto, Eki; Adika, Dimas; Maulana, Reza; Septiyanto, Muhamad D.; Budiana, Eko P.; Hadi, Syamsul; Prabowoputra, Dandun M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-011

Abstract

A Gravitational Vortex Water Turbine (GWVT) is an appropriate device to harness the kinetic energy of water to convert it into rotational mechanical energy in low-head. The water flow is directed into a circular basin, which can produce a vortex and can rotate the turbine blades. Turbine performance is influenced by the shape of the blade, so an optimal blade shape is required. Turbine performance is influenced by the shape of the blades, which can rotate optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of adding baffle plates in the blade on the performance of two-stage GWVT using experimental methods. The variation used is the proportion of baffle plate on the runner in the first stage with variations without baffle plate, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The data taken in the test is the torque and rotation at each additional blade plate. Torque measurement uses a rope brake system, and rotation measurement uses a tachometer. The results of the study showed that the addition of a 50% baffle plate in the first stage can capture the energy of the water vortex more optimally. A baffle plate can increase efficiency by up to 23.15% compared to the blade without the addition of a baffle plate. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-011 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Behaviour of Precast Lightweight Concrete Sandwich Slabs With Demountable Bolted Steel Shear Connectors Al-Kerwei, Rana H.; Osman, S. A.; Al-Zand, Ahmed W.; Hanoon, Ammar N.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-06

Abstract

A concrete slab is a fundamental element and contributes the highest weight in structural buildings. In this paper, a new type of sandwich slab consisting of two layers of lightweight concrete and demountable steel connectors is proposed in a new attempt to reduce the weight of the floors within the structure and apply a simpler and faster approach to connecting the layers of sandwich panels. The structural effects of the proposed connectors on Precast Lightweight Concrete Sandwich Slab (PLCSS) are evaluated experimentally and theoretically in terms of strength, stiffness, degree of composite action, and usability for floor construction. The behaviors of six PLCSS specimens subjected to four-point loads were investigated, studying the effects of varied parameters such as different numbers, arrangements, and shapes of demountable steel connectors (I, V, and X connector shapes) fastened with steel bolts, in addition to one solid concrete slab as a reference specimen. The panels' performance in this structural system was evaluated by measuring the degree of composite action using load, displacement, stress, and neutral axis methods. Based on the experimental results, the slab panels exhibited composite panel behavior until the point of failure. Under flexural loads, the panel behaved similarly to that of a solid one-way slab; crack patterns appeared in one direction. The specimens with IC, VC, and XC showed different load capacity values, ranging from 22.74 kN to 50.55 kN; these values depend on the types of shear connectors and their numbers in the sandwich panels. Using V and X connectors enhances the composite action between layers, increasing the shear demand and making the shear failure more likely. It can be concluded that demountable shear connectors can transfer shear between the two concrete wythes, resulting in a composite panel with structural integrity, a lighter weight, and satisfying ACI specifications for floor applications. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-06 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Analysis of the Shear Behavior of Shallow-Wide Concrete Beams via the Concrete Damage Plasticity Model Dejene, Hewan; Bogale, Muluken; Rynkovskaya, Marina
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-022

Abstract

Shallow reinforced concrete beams are broadly used in buildings for their aesthetic and economic benefits, but their shear performance remains insufficiently known, especially considering the impact of stirrups. While experimental investigations provide a good understanding, they are expensive and provide limited insight, creating a gap in the understanding of the complex shear behavior of shallow RC beams. This study bridges this limitation by conducting finite element analysis and calibrating the critical concrete damage plasticity parameters such as the dilation angle, Kc values, eccentricity, damage parameters, and loading time. Additionally, the numerical model validated the experimental results by accounting for the effects of the stirrup spacing, width, and longitudinal-to-stirrup ratio to achieve the ultimate load and corresponding deflection differences within 1.69% and 10.7%, respectively. The findings revealed that increasing the stirrup spacing enhanced ductility without increasing strength, whereas increasing the beam width and longitudinal-to-stirrup ratio increased strength and ductility. Finally, a comparison with design codes and machine learning revealed greater accuracy of FEA prediction, presenting new insight into upgrading the design code for shallow RC beams. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-022 Full Text: PDF
Downscaling GRACE Data for Improved Groundwater Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks Awawdeh, Abdel Rahman M.; Yasarer, Hakan; Ghaffari, Zahra; Yarbrough, Lance D.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-01

Abstract

This study introduces a dual-phase approach utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to overcome the challenges of groundwater monitoring at regional scales. Traditional well-based methods provide limited spatial coverage, while GRACE satellite data, despite its value for large-scale hydrological analysis, suffers from low spatial resolution (~300 km), limiting its application for local-scale assessments. Existing downscaling methods such as geographically weighted regression and Random Forests are computationally intensive and often lack adaptability to complex groundwater systems. In this study, Phase 1 refines GRACE data using ANNs to achieve a 4×4 km spatial resolution, addressing the resolution challenge for regional applications. Phase 2 integrates the downscaled GRACE data with groundwater well observations and climatic factors to predict groundwater levels with high accuracy (R² = 0.9885). This dual-phase framework demonstrates significant improvements over existing methods, providing an efficient and scalable solution for groundwater monitoring in hydrologically complex regions. The findings highlight the potential of machine learning to enhance groundwater resource management, particularly in addressing water scarcity and climate variability challenges. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-01 Full Text: PDF
Modeling Tourist Transportation Mode Choice and Trip Chains Through Key Influencing Factors Wulansari, Indriaty; Hamid Aly, Sumarni; Isran Ramli, M.; Hustim, Muralia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-017

Abstract

To understand tourist behavior and the factors influencing it, a thorough analysis of transportation mode choice and trip chain is required, especially from the tourists' perspective. Therefore, this study aims to model transportation mode choice and trip chain in the Bira Peninsula, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. To achieve this, a quantitative method was employed with a sample size of 500 tourists. The study results show that independent variables significantly impact dependent variables, such as individual characteristics, movement characteristics, destination attributes, mode choice attributes, and trip chains. Several indicators showed a significant influence for transportation mode choice with a confidence level of over 85%. These indicators include age, income, origin location, destination location, number of visits, group size, flexibility, facilities, ease of access, activity type, cost, distance, time, and safety. Similarly, the analysis identified several key indicators affecting the trip chain, with a significance level above 85%. These indicators include age, income, origin, destination location, estimated arrival time, number of visits, flexibility, and destination attraction. Other indicators include facilities, ease of access, trip purpose, activity type, travel time, distance from the city center to the tourist destination, cost, distance, time, and safety. Two significant indicators found as differentiators from previous research are flexibility and type of activity. The study demonstrated high accuracy for the mode choice model and the trip chain model, with validity rates of 98.40% and 97.65%, respectively. The findings indicate that the model accurately captures the factors influencing transportation mode choice and trip chains, making it a valuable reference for future explorations to improve transportation systems' efficiency and comfort. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-017 Full Text: PDF
Structural Assessment and Rehabilitation of an Existing Hydraulic Masonry Structure Supporting Railway Makhlouf, Aly A.; Omar, M.; Emarah, Dina A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-012

Abstract

Old hydraulic masonry structures are essential components of global road and rail infrastructures. Over decades of operation, these structures have experienced inevitable deterioration, necessitating evaluations of their structural conditions through comprehensive assessment and rehabilitation programs to ensure compliance with contemporary safety standards. This study focuses on a specific regulator as a case example to implement a rehabilitation strategy aimed at restoring its structural integrity after 190 years of continuous service. From 2015 to 2021, an extensive program was conducted to assess the condition of the construction materials. This program included mechanical and physical testing, as well as Finite Element Analysis (FEA), to identify areas of high stress and to analyze the distribution of stress throughout the structure. The findings revealed that the structure fails to meet current Egyptian standards, thereby underscoring the critical need for a strengthening program. Subsequently, a rehabilitation intervention was developed, which involved reinforcing the intrados of the arches and piers with a slender reinforced concrete jacket. These reinforcements were integrated with the existing structure using steel shear bar connectors. Following the rehabilitation, a re-evaluation of the analysis of the modified structure using FEA software confirmed compliance with Egyptian specifications. The proposed rehabilitation strategy offers a viable solution to the challenges associated with the examined masonry arch bridge. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-012 Full Text: PDF
A Novel Exact Solution of Longshore Current and Its Application on Permeable Groin Umar, Hasdinar; Assidiq, Fuad M.; Triatmadja, Radianta; Baeda, Achmad Y.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-07

Abstract

One major environmental problem exacerbated by longshore currents is beach erosion. Groins are a common defense tactic built perpendicular to the shore. However, conventional impermeable groins promote downstream erosion and disrupt sediment movement. Permeable groins provide a more environmentally friendly option, allowing some sediment to flow through. This study examines the effects of permeable groins on longshore currents. Permeable groins are not included in currently used longshore current equations. This study fills this gap by creating a new longshore current velocity equation considering permeable groins. The longshore current equation with the groin was developed based on the momentum equation in the longshore direction without the influence of lateral mixing and the assumption that base friction will rise due to the groin. Therefore, it was determined that the base shear stress after the groin was equal to the base shear stress plus the drag caused by the groin. The result shows that the longshore current equation through the groin is a function of the breaking wave parameter and the resistance parameter owing to the groin. Longshore current velocities with and without permeable groins of different densities were measured in wave basins. We collected information on groin characteristics, current velocities, and breaking wave heights. This investigation validates the shortcomings of the current equations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-07 Full Text: PDF

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