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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 159   160   161   162   163 
Evaluation of an Outdoor Pilot Scale Hybrid Growth Algal-Bacterial System for Wastewater Bioremediation Hassan, Khalid; Khalifa, Abdelkawi; Hegazy, Mohamed; Helmy, Mohamed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-09

Abstract

Synergistic cooperation and interaction between algae and bacteria had made it easy by using one single step only to efficiently eliminate the impurities found in wastewater. High pollution levels triggered by the disposal of untreated wastewater and the harsh social and economic conditions, together with high construction and operation costs of conventional wastewater treatment systems, made it vital to find simple, efficient, cost-effective treatment systems. In this research work, a hybrid microalgae-bacteria pilot outdoor system comprised of a series of Algaewheel® rotating algae contactors (RACs) that receive preliminary treated domestic wastewater at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 hours was monitored for a period of 5 months. An average dissolved oxygen (DO) value of 3.04 ± 1.02 mgL⁻¹ was obtained in the effluent-treated wastewater. While the average removal efficiencies recorded for the parameters monitored were 90.73% for BOD5, 89.10% for COD, 93.45% for TSS, 77.05% for NH3-N, and 70.40% for TN. All the effluent values for the parameters monitored were below the limits of both the local and international standards. The pilot system was found to be suitable and adaptable for small communities with low discharges of 5000 m³/day or less due to its low operation and maintenance requirements, as its electricity consumption is 80% less compared with the conventional wastewater treatment systems. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-09 Full Text: PDF
Unfired Bricks Mixed with Para Rubber Latex for Sustainable Construction Materials Janpetch, Natapong; Trakolkul, Chokchai; Plitsiri, Itthi; Thepjunthra, Wiphada
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-05

Abstract

This paper aims to study the development of bricks without burning, mixing para rubber latex, and compressing them with the technology of interlocking block production. The ratio of cement, lateritic soil, and water used in the mix was 1:6:11, while the percentage of para rubber latex (PRL) added was 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5% of the cement weight. The optimal PRL content (2.5%–7.5% by cement weight) enhances compressive strength, reduces water absorption, and improves durability, meeting the Thai industrial standard (TIS 77-2545). The PRL7.5 mixture achieved the highest performance, with a compressive strength of 21.42 MPa and a water absorption rate of 7.55%. These advancements are credited to the polymer film network formed from PRL during the hydration process, which strengthens particle bonds and reduces porosity. However, PRL content exceeding 7.5% leads to performance reductions, attributed to thicker polymer films and particle aggregation, which create larger voids within the material. Furthermore, the modified unfired bricks demonstrated enhanced crack resistance, increased ductility, and superior thermal insulation properties. Thermal tests of masonry walls confirmed that unfired bricks provide better thermal insulation. Temperature measurements revealed that houses constructed with unfired bricks consistently maintained cooler indoor temperatures compared to those made with fired bricks, indicating improved thermal efficiency. Environmentally, unfired bricks eliminate carbon emissions from firing processes and offer simpler, more energy-efficient production methods. These bricks provide sustainable alternatives to fired bricks, promoting both environmental and economic benefits for brick-making communities. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-05 Full Text: PDF
Critical Construction Readiness Factors for Bridge Projects Mohamed, Hany Abd Elshakour; Hasaballah, Anas G.; El-Kelesh, Adel M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10 (2024): Special Issue "Sustainable Infrastructure and Structural Engineering: Innovations in
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-015

Abstract

Egyptian investment in infrastructure projects is considerable, especially in bridge construction projects that commonly face delays, cost overruns, rework, and poor productivity. A proper construction readiness (CR) assessment can enhance project performance. This study aims to identify the critical factors that impact the CR of bridge projects in Egypt. Through a literature review and a pilot study with ten highly experienced professionals, a list of 43 construction readiness factors (CRFs) was prepared. To quantitatively rank these CRFs and identify the critical ones, a questionnaire was administered through structured interviews with 92 project managers and engineers experienced in bridge construction projects in Egypt. The participants represented the perspectives of contractors, owners, and consultants. A CRF with a normalized mean score greater than or equal to 0.5 was classified as a critical construction readiness factor (CCRF). For these CCRFs, agreement analysis among contractors, owners, and consultants was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation strength was also investigated using Spearman's correlation. In total, 16 CCRFs were identified, with the top five: verification of underground utility locations, completion of land surveying work, issuance of clear and sufficient construction drawings, adequate geotechnical investigations, and obtaining all necessary permits and approvals from local authorities. This study provides practitioners with critical factors necessary for assessing the CR of bridge projects in Egypt. From an academic standpoint, it enhances understanding of CR, which is rarely discussed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-015 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Behavior of RC Continuous Beams Strengthened by Cementitious Composite Materials Afefy, Hamdy M.; Heniegal, Ashraf M.; Baraghith, Ahmed T.; Ibrahim, Omar M. O.; Eldwiny, Mostafa E. A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-05

Abstract

Due to their great strain capacity, high tensile strength, and ability to localize cracks, cementitious composite materials are beneficial for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) members. This paper illustrates the application of cementitious composite materials in the form of precast thin layers to strengthen a double-spanned, full-scale RC beam. Both positive and negative zones were strengthened by the precast layer embedded into the concrete cover. The precast layers have a dimension of 20 mm in thickness and 150 mm in width as that of the substrate beam and were applied by two configurations: plain and reinforced layers. A ductile smooth steel sheet with 2 mm in thickness and 100 mm in width was used inside the reinforced precast layer. The composite action of the precast layer has mutual benefits; the embedded steel sheet localizes the cracks, while the surrounding cementitious composite materials protect the steel sheet from environmental impact. The experimental results showed that the strengthening system has a significant contribution to improve the failure mode and load-carrying capacity. The use of a plain precast layer caused a 6% increase in the ultimate load and a 33% enhancement in the moment redistribution ratio compared to the control beam (CB). Applying the strengthening system with reinforced precast layer shifted the failure mode from rupture failure in the precast layer to delamination without slippage in the embedded steel sheet and matrix, leading to the full tensile capacity of the precast layer. Besides, the yielded and ultimate loads increased by 34% and 41%, respectively, and maximum deflection increased by 36%. In addition, the beam's ductility increased by 36%, and the moment redistribution ratio was enhanced by 49% compared to the CB. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-05 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Tidal Energy Potential Using a Two-Way Tidal Energy Model Rusvan, A. Aliffathur; Maricar, Farouk; Thaha, M. Arsyad; Paotonan, Chairul
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-016

Abstract

Tidal energy is a renewable energy source that provides sustainable energy through the utilization of tidal differences, making it a very promising option. This study examines a more effective tidal energy reservoir model by building a 1:100 scale prototype in the laboratory with several predetermined variations, namely an earthen pond (100, 80, and 60 cm), and flow holes (1.5, 1, and 0.5 cm) with initial tidal height differences of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The model uses a 6-hour time period, which corresponds to a semidiurnal tidal model. The results showed that the highest energy output was 281.84 kWh, achieved with a 1.5 cm flow hole, 20 cm tidal height difference for the initial condition, and 80 cm pond width. For a 1 cm flow hole, the outputs were 1774.8 kWh and 1803.78 kWh for 15 cm and 20 cm tidal height difference for the initial condition with a pond width of 100 cm. Meanwhile, the 0.5 cm flow hole produces potential energy outputs of 2623.8 kWh and 2611.4 kWh for different tidal heights of 15 cm and 20 cm for the initial condition with a pond width of 100 cm. Better model performance can be connected to a mini generator to validate the energy generated from the designed prototype model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-016 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Study on the Effect of Flow Velocity and Slope on Stream Bank Stability (Part II) Kadhim, Jawad; Waheed, Mohanned Q.; Hussein, Haitham A.; Al-Wakel, Saad F. A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-012

Abstract

Erosion significantly contributes to the instability of riverbanks. The current study considers the issues of instability and erosion that plague the banks of the Al-Muwahada channel. It was a large irrigation channel located west of Baghdad, Iraq. A laboratory flume was constructed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the erosion process on riverbanks. This flume serves as a scaled-down replica of the Almowahada channel. The main structure of the flume consists of a 3-meter steel construction with dimensions of 1 meter in width and 0.6 meters in height. In order to reduce the high flow velocity, it was periodically linked to quieting tanks with dimensions of 1 meter in width, 1.5 meters in height, and 0.4 meters in thickness. The flume's sidewalls are constructed with plexiglass that is 4 mm in thickness. Furthermore, a water reservoir with a capacity of 1800 liters was introduced into the flume. A riverbank was constructed with two slope angles, one at 45º and the other at 60º. The bank was then subjected to five different velocities. The experimental results indicate the velocity of flow and slope angle of the riverbank are the primary factors that influence the stability of the riverbank. The tipping point between erosion and deposition rises increasingly as the flow velocity increases. The majority of the sediment at the bottom, particularly on the near side of the bank, is the result of bank erosion. As the slope angle of the riverbank approaches 37°, it becomes more stable. The erosion-induced deformation in the riverbank with a slope angle of 45º is greater than that in the riverbank with a slope angle of 60º. The investigation demonstrated that the 45° angle is more susceptible to erosion caused by the flow velocity than the 60° angle. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-012 Full Text: PDF
Enhancement of Expansive Soil Properties by Water Treatment Sludge Ash in Landfill Liners Al-Soudany, Kawther Y. H.; Fattah, Mohammed Y.; Rahil, Falah H.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-04

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the suitability of expansive clayey soils for use as landfill liners by incorporating water treatment sludge ash (WTSA). Expansive soils, prone to swelling and desiccation cracking, compromise landfill liner integrity, increasing the risk of groundwater contamination. Local soils often do not meet the requirements for hydraulic conductivity and stability, prompting the use of additives like bentonite. However, bentonite-treated soils still face challenges in tropical regions due to moisture loss and cracking. This research investigates the effects of adding WTSA to bentonite-treated soils to mitigate swelling and shrinkage issues. Several geotechnical tests were conducted, including hydraulic conductivity, free swell percentage, swelling pressure, volumetric shrinkage, and desiccation cracking. Results show that WTSA significantly reduces hydraulic conductivity, free swell percentage, and swelling pressure, meeting the standard requirements for liners (hydraulic conductivity of at least 1×10-9m/s and volumetric shrinkage of at least 4%). Moreover, WTSA addition reduces desiccation cracking to acceptable levels, demonstrating its potential as an effective reinforcement material. This study introduces an innovative approach to using WTSA, a waste product, as a sustainable alternative to conventional liner materials, reducing environmental impact and enhancing landfill liner performance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-04 Full Text: PDF
Green Construction and Local Wisdom Integration for Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review Sri Kristinayanti, W.; Zaika, Yulvi; Padma Devia, Y.; Solimun, .; Agung Wibowo, M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-020

Abstract

The construction industry's environmental impact necessitates a sustainable shift to mitigate resource depletion, emissions, and biodiversity loss. Integrating local wisdom offers innovative, adaptive solutions grounded in deep environmental understanding, potentially transforming construction practices toward sustainability. This study aims to identify aspects, challenges, impacts, and strategies in green construction practices integrated with local wisdom. The PRISMA framework methodology was used to conduct a comprehensive systematic review with qualitative analysis using NVivo software. Nine aspects of green construction integrated with local wisdom were identified, with cultural heritage preservation the dominant aspect. Eleven challenges were uncovered, with balancing tradition and innovation as the main challenges. Seven impacts on the economy, society, and environment were identified, with construction cost efficiency, improvement of community quality of life, and promotion of a circular economy and sustainable waste management as the dominant impacts. Thirteen strategies were identified, with active engagement of local communities in the construction process as the main strategy. The novelty of this research is a comprehensive review of the integration of green construction with local wisdom, which can be used as a guide in sustainable construction practices responsive to local environmental and social conditions and promote economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-020 Full Text: PDF
Macroscopic Traffic Characterization Based on Distance Headway Iftikhar, Amir; Khan, Zawar H.; Aaron Gulliver, T.; Khattak, Khurram S.; Ahmed, Irfan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-016

Abstract

Accurate traffic characterization is essential for congestion mitigation. In this paper, a traffic model is proposed that incorporates distance headway in the well-known Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) model. Velocity is influenced by the headway distance between vehicles. When this distance is small, the velocity is low, and when it is large, the velocity is high. The proposed and LWR models are implemented in MATLAB, and the performance is evaluated for different values of distance headway. The results show that traffic with the proposed model evolves with smaller changes that are more accurate and realistic than with the LWR model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-016 Full Text: PDF
Impact of Vertical Vibration on Group Piles During Earthquake Loading: Experimental Findings Noman, Bilal J.; Albusoda, Bushra S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10 (2024): Special Issue "Sustainable Infrastructure and Structural Engineering: Innovations in
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-010

Abstract

This study presents novel research on the impact of vertical vibration on the dynamic response of pile groups embedded in stratified soil under seismic loading conditions. An experimental setup was employed wherein the piled machine foundation was subjected to vertical vibrations at three operating frequencies (10, 20, and 30 Hz) and subsequently exposed to four levels of seismic acceleration (0.1 g, 0.34 g, 0.77 g, and 0.82 g). Piles with a length-to-diameter ratio of 25 were embedded in a stratified soil profile, with an upper loose layer (30% relative density) and a lower dense layer (80% relative density) acting as end-bearing. Measurements and analyses of horizontal and vertical accelerations, and amplification factors were conducted using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), spectral acceleration (Sa), and variation of acceleration with depth. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in horizontal acceleration, with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) reduction of up to 64% in average, particularly at higher frequencies such as 30 Hz. The mitigation efficiency at 30Hz improved with increasing PGA, showing reductions of 42, 68, 75, and 63% for seismic accelerations of 0.1 g, 0.34 g, 0.77 g, and 0.82 g, respectively. The analysis further revealed harmonic resonance and higher mode effects at lower frequencies, with nonlinear soil behavior affecting the resonance and amplification patterns. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the far-field accelerations exceeded the near-field accelerations within the pile group, particularly in the surface layer. The results indicated that the initial vibration amplitudes exceeded the safe operating limits outlined in ACI 351.3R-18 under seismic loading, particularly at higher seismic acceleration levels and lower frequencies. Additional modified charts were presented to account for these conditions. The results presented promising evidence for using vertical vibrations as an earthquake-mitigation strategy. However, avoiding operating at frequencies less than 10 Hz is recommended because of the potential resonance and interaction with horizontal accelerations during earthquakes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-010 Full Text: PDF

Page 161 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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