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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,848 Documents

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Application of Support Vector Machine and Gene Expression Programming on Tropospheric ozone Prognosticating for Tehran Metropolitan Vahid Mehdipour; Mahsa Memarianfard
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 8 (2017): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Air pollution became fatal issue for humanity and all environment and developed countries unanimously allocated vast investments on monitoring and researches about air pollutants. Soft computing as a novel way for pollutants prediction can be used for measurement tools calibration which can coincidently decrease the expenditures and enhance their ability to adapt quickly. In this paper support vector machine (SVM) and gene expression programming (GEP) as two powerful approaches with reliable results in previous studies, used to predict tropospheric ozone in Tehran metropolitan by using the photochemical precursors and meteorological parameters as predictors. In a comparison between the two approaches, the best model of SVM gave superior results as it depicted the RMSE= 0.0774 and R= 0.8459 while these results of gene expression programming, respectively, are 0.0883 and 0.7938. Sensitivity of O3 against photochemical precursors and meteorological parameters and also for every input parameter, has been analysed discreetly and the gained results imply that PM2.5, PM10, temperature, CO and NO2 are the most effective parameters for O3 values tolerances. For SVM, several kernel tricks used and the best appropriate kernel selected due to its result. Nonetheless, gamma and sin2 values varied for every kernel and in the last radial basis function kernel opted as the best trick in this study. Finally, the best model of both applications revealed, and the resulted models evaluated as reliable and acceptable.

Designing Manhole in Water Transmission Lines Using Flow3D Numerical Model Azin Movahedi; Ali Delavari; Massoud Farahi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2015): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Using cascades and drops existing in flow path has a history of 3000 years. Particularly, Roman engineers employed stepped spillways with the same idea in several countries; however, there are few information about the hydraulic performance of aqueducts. Most of these channels have flat long cross sections with low torsions (variable slope) such that they can encompass cascade and steep spillways or dopshaft. Given that there are few studies conducted on dropshafts, the present paper attempted to discuss about such structures in flow path and water transmission lines as well as introducing the existing principles and relations and present, the obtained results of designing though Flow3D. The obtained error percentage was about 20% which is acceptable for numerical studies.

The Effects of Raw Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash on the Strength and Durability of Adobe Bricks Sasui Sasui; Watcharin Jinwuth; Sirimas Hengrasmee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Adobe houses are an important form of housing among many low income communities in developing countries. Unfortunately one drawback of adobe bricks is that their strength and durability against water are poor, which can lead to material deterioration and structural collapse. To improve the properties of adobe, the soil used to build bricks is sometimes stabilized with either natural or artificial additives. Rice husk is a natural additive commonly used in both raw and ash form as a stabilizer for several masonry materials due to its pozzolanic property. This study investigates and compares the influence of Raw Rice Husk (RRH) and heap burned Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as stabilizers on the compressive strength, stability, water absorption and volumetric shrinkage of adobe specimens. Whether the stabilizer was RRH or RHA, these materials were used in the proportion of 2% of dry weight of soil. Results showed significantly improved performance for the specimens containing RRH, but none for the RHA. This suggests that the excessive burning temperature in heap reduced the cementation properties of RHA. Based on these results, the study concludes that the application of raw rice husk as a stabilizer is more effective than heap burned rice husk ash for the construction of local adobe houses in areas affected by flood and rain.

Status and Challenges of Medical Waste Management in Hospitals of Iran Eslami, Akbar; Nowrouz, Parviz; Sheikholeslami, Samira
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Medical waste is of great importance due to its hazardous nature that can cause undesirable effects on humans and the environment. This study focuses on medical waste management in hospitals of Iran. Data were collected based on questionnaires and for self-report of medical waste management. The results along with other information were sent to the ministry of health network system. Results indicated that the mean generation rate of non-hazardous and sharp and infectious and total wastes in Iran were, respectively, 1.84, 1.09 (36.9% of total waste generated) and 2.98 kg/bed/day. Chemical waste generation rate in Iran is 0.02 kg/bed/day (0.68%) that relative to infectious waste and total waste generation rate is much lower which could be due to improper segregation of medical wastes. There is significant differences between private and governmental hospitals, in terms of infectious and sharp waste generation rates (P=0.027). Also there are significant differences between specialized and general hospitals in group of non-hazardous waste (P=0.039), infectious waste (P=0.001) and total waste generation rate (P=0.02). 65.41% of governmental hospitals used autoclave for infectious waste treatment. In the private and governmental hospitals 14.8% and 24.29%, respectively not have any treatment devices and hazardous waste was disposed without treatment.

Development a Conceptual Framework for Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Rating Systems Pourahmadi, Amirali; Ebadi, Taghi; Nikazar, Manouchehr
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 4 (2016): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Production of a large volume of industrial and hazardous waste with various compositions makes the need for comprehensive management and consequently the concept of waste rating more tangible. Despite numerous waste rating systems presented so far, analyzing the makeup of such systems play a significant role in meeting human health. In this study, the structure of 34 rating systems of industrial and hazardous waste have been analyzed based on both quantitative and qualitative standpoints and the results are presented as a formational-conceptual framework. Results showed that every rating system is formed of two parts of formational fundamentals and functional indices, which the first part has a longitudinal relation with the second. While lowly considered, this study is focusing on the formational fundamental part in the rating systems of industrial and hazardous waste, as intellectual prerequisites in suggesting a new system. Some of the factors in the first level are: dependence of the organization which determines the policy and general goals of a rating system, time of presenting the method during which remarkable changes take place in computing methods of the rating systems, infrastructures and facilities which are efficient in the accuracy and scope of the system and finally references and standards causing variations in definitions and final results of the rating system. Furthermore, factors such as: aspects of the study and style of use are identified in second level of formational fundamentals. Finally, the fundamentals are presented in a formational-conceptual framework for better perceiving and more effective use.

Finite Element Modeling of a Reinforced Concrete Column Strengthened with Steel Jacket Hamza Mahdi Salman; Mohannad Husain Al-Sherrawi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The reinforced concrete column is designed to have a nominal axial resistance. Under different conditions like errors in design, and changing the use of the building from residential to public or storage (extra live loads), the reinforced concrete column will not be able to sustain the desired applied load, and the strengthening is required. This paper presents a finite element model to simulate and investigate the behavior of adding steel jacket to a preloaded and non-damaged reinforced concrete column. Depending on the loading state of the non-strengthened reinforced concrete column and the purpose of adding the steel jacket, two possible cases have been studied. In the first case, which is suitable to investigate the reinforced concrete column with design errors, the steel jacket has been added to the unloaded reinforced concrete column; while the second case is suitable for adding steel jacket to the pre-loaded non-damaged reinforced concrete column. The finite element model was carried out using the ABAQUS/standard v. 6.13 software. The results obtained by the proposed finite element model showed fairly good agreement with the existing experimental and analytical results.

Construction of N-M Interaction Diagram for Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Steel Jackets Using Plastic Stress Distribution Method Al-Sherrawi, Mohannad Husain; Salman, Hamza M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

No attempts have been made in developing the N-M interaction diagram for reinforced concrete columns strengthened with steel jackets using the plastic stress distribution method. Therefore, this paper presents an analytical model to construct the N-M interaction diagram for reinforced concrete columns strengthened with steel jackets using the plastic stress distribution method after assuming the behavior of strengthened column to be like composite column and including the effects of confinement on concrete compressive strength. The proposed model was compared with experimental results. The comparisons showed that the model is conservative and it reveals the ultimate strength of the strengthened column. A parametric study has been also carried out to investigate the influence of various parameters on the N-M interaction diagram of the strengthened column. These parameters were: dimensions of steel angle, yield stress of the steel angles, concrete compressive strength and the size of the reinforcement bars used in RC columns. The results made clear the effects of these parameters on the N-M interaction diagram, and encouraged the use of the model in preliminary strengthening studies.

Road Pricing Effect on the Emission of Traffic Pollutants, a Case Study in Tehran Hadji Hosseinlou, Mansour; Zolfaghari, Abbas; Yazdanpanah, Mahdi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 7 (2016): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (902.479 KB)

Road pricing is one of the main purposes of traffic management policies in order to reduce personal car use. Understanding the behaviour of drivers under the impact of the road pricing policy, can assist transportation planners in making better and more efficient decisions. This research aims at investigating the reactions of private car users to road pricing using stated preference (SP) method on the one hand, and on the other hand, studies the road pricing effect on traffic flow and pollutants. To this aim, the acceptance rate of pricing, which is obtained from modeling of survey data, as well as real traffic flow data in Shahid Hemmat Highway in Tehran, Iran, are applied as the simulation software input. Based on the results of this research, at the lowest price (TN11000), the contribution of toll acceptance is equal to 64/91 percent. The fuel consumption rate at this price decreases to 49/91% and the emission rate of CO2, NOx, particle material (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants decrease to 56.82%, 49.46%, 36.8% and 63.17%, respectively. At the highest price (TN10000), toll acceptability, fuel consumption, CO2, NOx, PM and VOC emission rates decrease to 5.47%, 3.57%, 3.98%, 2.85%, 1.22% and 4.86%, respectively.

Selecting an Appropriate Express Railway Pavement System Using VIKOR Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model Amin Nejati; Mehdi Ravanshadnia; Ehsan Sadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A gigantic evolution has been brought about in the railway transportation by the emergence of the expressways as the most efficient method of carrying passengers within short and medium interurban distances. Various types of expressway pavements have been offered during the recent years. A considerable amount of the repair and maintenance costs in railroad sector is allocated to the constituents forming the pavements. No thorough and precise research has been so far conducted on the railroad expressways featuring traffics with speeds over 250 km/h and the extant information have merely been trivial changes in the procedures existent for speeds below 200 km/h and these are not deemed of much use and applicability. Thus, the current research paper is devoted to the investigation and selection of express railways pavement system design using VIKOR method. The evaluations indicate that the commencement of the first high-speed train work in 1964 in Japan marked a turning point in the railroad passenger transportation in the world. The development of the high-speed railway transportation is enumerated as an important revolution helping the railroads retake their crucial role in passenger transportation in such a way that it is found overtaking the roadway and aerial transportation and even exposing some airlines to real crisis. The high-speed railroad is undergoing an intensive expansion worldwide and as a safe, sound and sustainable transportation system, it has well proved its role in the social and economic development of the nations.

Deformation Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Slabs Strengthened with Different Widths and Configurations of GFRP Izadi, Hossein; Pesaran Behbahani, Hamid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this paper, we conducted a numerical analysis of the deformation behavior of Steel-reinforced concrete (RC) two-way slabs strengthened by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with different widths and configurations. A total number of 36 RC slabs of Â cm were used in this numerical study. Also, a column of Â was considered in the center of the slab for applying static loading. The bonded GFRP strips had 5, 7.5 and 10 cm width (W) and configured in three models called PM1, PM2, and DM. In PM1 (strip length = 2.4 m) and PM2 (strip length =1.7 m) configurations, the strips were bonded in two directions parallel to the sides of the slab, while in DM configuration (strip length =1.7 m), strips were rotated with 45 degree angle around the central axis that is perpendicular to the surface of the slab. According to the comparison results, we found out that the 5-cm wide strips with PM1 configuration having a parallel space of 0.5 times the strip width ( ) greatly reduced the deformation of RC two-way slab compared to other strip widths and configurations, while Â strips under all configurations, highly increased the deformation when space between strips varied from Â to .

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