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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Study on the Rapid Drawdown and Its Effect on Portal Subsidence of Heybat Sultan Twin Tunnels in Kurdistan-Iraq Daraei, Rahman; M.A. Herki, Bengin; H.Sherwani, Aryan Far
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 7 (2017): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2113.747 KB)

The excavation of tunnels below the water table causes variations in the hydraulic level, pore pressure and effective stresses. In this regard, rapid drawdown is considered as a destructive phenomenon as to the change in the flow regime which has mostly been studied for the reservoirs of embankment dams. The rapid drawdown occurred at the upstream shell of the dam gives rise to increase in the pore pressure at the upstream shell. This is as a result of the incompliance between the water loss inside the shell and the reservoir water level. Hence, it would be more likely to have instability and sliding at the upstream slope on account of decrease in the effective stress. Lack of sufficient studies performed on this matter in tunnelling projects on the one hand and the knowledge on the most important parameter for decreasing the destructive effects of this phenomenon on the other hand necessitates performing further studies on this matter. To this end, the reasons for the occurrence as well as the affecting parameters were studied by modelling the large subsidence of the inlet portal of Heybat Sultan twin tunnels located in Kurdistan-Iraq making use of the variations of the groundwater boundary conditions under Phase2 code. The modelling results depict the importance of the drawdown rate and the permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock mass. In the interim, the rapid loss in the hydraulic gradient caused by the drainage of a considerable volume of precipitations into the tunnels led to the rapid decrease in the pore pressure and increase in the effective stresses up to total stress. This has resulted in the consolidation settlement in the tunnel portal.

Analysis and Evaluation of Traffic Congestion Control Methods in Touristic Metropolis Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Masoud Kadkhodaei; Rouzbeh Shad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the most important issues of urban transport management in metropolitan cities is the control of traffic congestion in the central parts of the city or other densely populated areas. Typical ways to control traffic congestion in metropolitan areas are to create a prohibited traffic area, alternate traffic plan (even and odd), and congestion pricing. In this paper, these traffic congestion control methods have been compared and evaluated. The methodology of this research is analytical hierarchy analysis (AHP). Based on the results, the most effective measures for assessing traffic congestion control methods in metropolitan cities were improving traffic conditions, social welfare, reducing environmental pollution and improving the safety of intra-urban travel. The best Traffic congestion control options were also priced for traffic congestion, roaming traffic (odd and odd), and the creation of traffic barriers. The results of analyzes and paired comparisons in analytic hierarchy analysis were also obtained using “Expert choice” software.

Investigation of to the Effect of Bedrock Stiffness on Seismic Behaviour of Roller Compacted Concrete Dam Mohammad Jalali; Majid Pasbani Khiavi; Mortaza Ali Ghorbani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 8 (2017): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this research, the effect of bedrock stiffness on seismic performance of roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam is evaluated using probabilistic analysis. Due to the geometry and behavior of RCC dams, a two-dimensional modeling was selected for system. Ansys software is used for modeling and analysis of dam-reservoir- foundation system. Newmark implicit time integration scheme is developed to solve the time-discretized equations which are an unconditionally stable method. The Watana dam, due to San Fernando earthquake has been selected as a case study. In order to propagate the parametric sensitivity to the seismic performance of the system, Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is used as a probabilistic method and uncertainty analysis. The sensitivity of responses under seismic loading is reliably examined utilizing different values of ratio of bedrock stiffness to body concrete stiffness as random inputs. Consider to obtained results, it is revealed that the bedrock stiffness how can effect on seismic behavior of concrete gravity dams due to earthquake. Regarding the safety of dams due to compressive stresses, various ways have been assessed to investigate the induced tensile stress in the heel and the results have been investigated. Finally, appropriate range of the ratio of bedrock stiffness to concrete stiffness of dam body is presented to assess the safety design.

An Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Flow Hydraulic Parameters in Circular Crested Weir Using Flow3D Farhad Ghazizadeh; M. Azhdary Moghaddam
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2016): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Circular crested weirs consist of a circular crested of upstream and downstream walls. These weirs are widely used in hydraulic engineering as water discharge structures and can be used to control water level in channels and tanks. In the present study, using Flow3D software, hydraulic properties were investigated to find weir geometry optimization through CFD method. Also, this study attempted to investigate flow on some sections of circular crested weirs in 3 groups and 11 models. Upstream and downstream slope changes as well as the height of the weir were also studied. To validate the model, laboratory models were used. In the research, flow depth parameters on crest, pressure distribution, velocity distribution, energy loss on circular crested weirs, as well as the height and changes of upstream and downstream slope were evaluated. Flow depth on the body of circular crest in this state is about 0.71 (H1). Upstream slope changes on flow depth on the weir’s crest revealed that increasing upstream slope causes to the increase of flow relative depth (H1/R) on the crest about 62%. Downstream changes in H1/R values less than 0.7 have no significant effect on discharge coefficient; however, increasing H1/R values seems to cause more change in slope.

Identifying Important Features of Paratransit Modes in Sylhet City, Bangladesh: A Case Study Based on Travelers Perception Tanay Datta Chowdhury; Muhammad Saif Uddin; Debolina Datta; Mohammad Azazul Kabir Taraz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Paratransit modes are familiar modes of transportation in Sylhet city and across Bangladesh. Field investigation marked the existence of motorized, non-motorized and battery driven paratransit modes across city. Though non-motorized vehicles such as rickshaws and easy bike were found in every survey location but people preferred motorized transportation. Young age range people mostly used this media as transportation. Students and service holders were most predominant type of users found from the survey. User satisfaction was used for measuring important characteristics of paratransit modes and the results indicated that about 70% people fall somewhere between satisfied to somewhat satisfied. A Multinomial and an Ordered Logit model were utilized to analyze passenger satisfaction and both of them agreed that female passengers were dissatisfied regarding present paratransit systems. Fitness and cleanliness were considered as influential features of the existing modes. Lack of flexible movement of paratransit modes especially motorized ones around city roads was the main driving force of making the mode unreliable to users. People showed positive attitude towards overall service, safety and security of paratransit vehicles operating in Sylhet city. The fare structure made this transport system popular, but operational shortcomings such as congestion make the prospect of existing modes questionable.

Fresh, Mechanical and Absorption Characteristics of Self-Consolidating Concretes Including Low Volume Waste PET Granules Kasım Mermerdaş; Dia Eddin Nassani; Mehmet Sakin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study evaluates the effect of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) granules on the fresh, mechanical and absorption characteristics of self-consolidating concretes (SCCs). Fine aggregates were replaced with different percentages (from 0% to 8%) of PET granules obtained by crushing waste PET bottles. The fresh properties of SCC containing PET granules were determined using slump flow and V-funnel flow time tests. Mechanical properties (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests) and absorption properties (sorptivity and water absorption tests) were evaluated. The results indicated that utilization of waste PET granules in production of SCC could be an effective way for recycling purpose. The maximum amount of PET replacement should be limited to 5%. Exceeding 5% of PET content may result in an increase of V-funnel flow time to overpass the limiting value, decrease in compressive strength, reduction in sorptivity and increase in the water absorption. The production of high performance SCC containing 5% PET granules satisfies all the requirements for SCC with satisfactory outputs.

Effect of Foundation Nonlinearity on Seismic Response of an Existing Arch Dam Parisa Parsa Mahmoudi; Hasan Mirzabozorg; Mehdi Varmazyari; Seyyed Meisam Aghajanzadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 5 (2016): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the present paper, the effect of foundation nonlinearity on the seismic response of an existing arch dam is investigated. Luzzone arch dam in Switzerland is selected as a case study. The foundation nonlinearity is originated from opening/slipping of joints between a potential wedge at the left abutment and remaining foundation. Reservoir's water is assumed compressible and the coupled system is solved simultaneously. Also, the foundationis assumed massed medium via viscous boundary on the far-end truncated boundary. Two cases are considered in the analyses; the system applying reservoir pressure on the foundation; the system with no reservoir pressure applied on the foundation. The results reveal that the ignoringreservoir pressure on the foundation overestimates the response of the dam body. Finally, based on the conducted analyses, considering foundation nonlinearity has no significant effect on the results in the considered case due to special design of the body shape.

Experimental Study of Behaviour of Reactive Powder Concrete Strengthening by NSM-CFRP Corbels Mohammad, Abdul Kareem Qasim; Al-Shamaa, Mushriq Fuad Kadhim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The research contain an experimental examination for the behaviour of reactive powder concrete corbels, strengthened withÂ varying orientation ofÂ Near Surface Mounted Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymers (CFRP) strips. Six reactive powder concrete corbels were tested. Divided into two groups, each group contain three specimens, one of them without strengthening takes as control corbel specimen, two corbels in each group strengthened by inclined and horizontal near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer (NSM-CFRP) stripes, other variable was the shear span to the effective depth ratio (a/d) to study the influences of those variables on the ultimate strength carrying capacity, cracking pattern, cracking load, vertical deflection, failure modes. The results showed an important improvement in the behaviour and load capacity of strengthened reinforced RPC corbels in addition to enhancing the stiffness of corbels. For group A where a/d =0.65, the percentages of increase in load failure were about (10.3% - 15.45%) for inclined and horizontal strengthening respectively, and for group B whereÂ a/d =0.4, the percentages ofÂ increase in load failure were aboutÂ (7.1% - 14.6%) for inclined and horizontal strengthening respectively.

Application of Bed Load Formulations for Dam Failure and Overtopping Seyed Alireza Hosseinzadeh-Tabrizi; Mahnaz Ghaeini-Hessaroeyeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The Enhanced HLLC scheme as a robust approximate Riemann solver is used for numerical modeling of three different test cases of mobile bed and stepped mobile bed in dam failure and dam overtopping conditions. The current research has been done in the frame of the finite volume method using shallow water equations along with the Exner equation for sediment continuity. The Ribberink, Wong and Parker formulations have been used for the modelling of bed load movement. A convenient approach based on the Boussinesq hypothesis is deployed for considering turbulence effects in the second case. The affections of stepped and slope condition for the flow bed are considered through a corrected version of the HLLC flux components. Finally, the model is applied for modelling overtopping in the third case. The results of the present model are relatively reasonable by comparing with the experimental data.

Investigating the Local Buckling of Rectangular Corrugated Plates Vahid Abdolvahab
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

With advances in technology in recent years, the use of orthotropic materials to exclude the mechanical deficiencies of homogeneous plates has increased. Sinusoidal corrugated plates are known as orthotropic plates, as a result of changes in their mechanical properties in two orthogonal directions. Since use of corrugated plates, in particular steel shear walls instead of flat steel plates, has increased, the present study investigated local buckling of sinusoidal corrugated plates under uniform uniaxial loading on the transverse edges of the plate (vertical loading on the sinusoidal wave of corrugated plates), using the Galerkin method. This method is very powerful with regard to solving differential equations, and directly uses these equations in the process of problem-solving. Finally, the results obtained for the critical buckling load of sinusoidal corrugated metal plates and the results relating to the metal homogeneous flat plates were compared using the same supporting conditions and loading.

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