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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Behavior of Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Two-Way Slabs under Static and Repeated Load Hamid, Hala Aqeel; Mohammed, Shatha D.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper studies the behavior of reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) two-way slabs under static and repeated load. The experimental program included testing six simply supported RPC two-way slabs of 1000 mm length, 1000 mm width, and 70 mm thickness. All the tested specimens were identical in their material properties, and reinforcement details except their steel fibers content. They were cast in three pairs, each one had a different steel fibers ratio (0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 %) respectively. In each pair, one specimen was tested under static load and the other under five cycles of repeated load (loading-unloading). Static test results revealed that increasing steel fibres volume fraction from 0.5 % to 1 % and from 1% to 1.5%, led to an increase in the: first crack load by (32.2 % and 52.3 %), ultimate load by (36.1 % and 17.0 %), ultimate deflection by (33.6 % and 3.4 %), absorbed energy by (128 % and 20.2 %), and the ultimate strain by (1.1 % and 6.73 %). It also increased the stiffness and the ductility of the specimens especially at the final stages of loading. Additionally, it delayed the propagation of the cracks, controlled their growth, kept the integrity of the specimens at post cracking stage, and avoided their ruin at the failure stage through its â€œbridgingâ€ effect. For the repeated load test, applying five cycles of repeated load to the steel fiber reinforced RPC two-way slab specimens led to a decreasing in the ultimate load capacity, ultimate deflection, ultimate strain, and absorbed energy in a comparison with the corresponding static test specimens, and that because of the loading-unloading process which causes a fluctuation of stresses and more damages in concrete. Increasing the steel fibers volume fractions decreased the dissipated energy of the specimens that subjected to a repeated load, where the difference percent of dissipated energy between the first and second cycles of (R0.5 %, R1 %, and R1.5 %) specimens were (68.0 %, 46.2%, and 32.4%) respectively.

Numerical Simulation on the Stability of Surrounding Rock of Horizontal Rock Strata in the Tunnel Zhang, Nian; Wang, Weihong; Yang, Zhuoqiang; Zhang, Jianian
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Horizontal rock strata is a geological condition of rock which is often encountered in the tunnel construction, and it has an important influence on the tunnel construction, it is necessary to analyze and study the stability of horizontal rock strata in tunnel construction to ensure the tunnel constructionâ€™s safety and efficiency. By taking â€œXishan Highway Tunnelâ€ as the research object, and using the numerical simulation method, the numerical model of the tunnel has been established in the Midas/GTS to simulate the tunnel excavation under the horizontal rock strata conditionï¼Œand the deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock and the influence factors of surrounding rock stability after are studied and analyzed. The research focused on the displacement of surrounding rock horizontal and vertical deformation, the results show that the vertical displacement of the surrounding rock is obviously greater than that of other parts during the excavation of the horizontal rock tunnel. According to the calculation results, the optimization measures of horizontal stratum tunnel construction method are put forward, which has important reference value for ensuring the construction safety and construction quality.

Influence of Polypropylene Length on Stability and Flow of Fiber-reinforced Asphalt Mixtures Bayat, Ramin; Talatahari, Siamak
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 10 (2016): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Engineers are constantly trying to improve the performance of the flexible pavements. The main surface distress types which cause maintenance and disruption are rutting and fatigue cracking. For solving these problems, many studies have been carried out until now, ranged from changing gradation to adding polymers and fibers to asphalt mixture. In this study, polypropylene additive was selected as fiber additive because of low costing and having good correlation with asphalt pavement. Three type of polypropylene additive in the length 6, 12 and 19 mm were selected and used at five different percentages in the asphalt concrete mixture. Asphalt specimens were analysed by Marshall Analysis and finally tested by Marshall Stability apparatus. Adding polypropylene increased Marshall Stability (38%), and decreased Flow (39%). These results show that polypropylene can be helpful for increasing pavement life.

The Influence of Intertextuality on Aesthetic Principles in Postmodernist Painting and Architecture Damirchi Loo, Leila
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Intertextuality reflects certain studies theories shaped in recent decades and has been widely used in artistic and literary studies as well as other studies in the field of Humanities. Intertextuality is not merely a theoretical notion in literary studies since its influence embraces the intellectual and cultural field as a whole. Intertextuality not only challenges many traditional beliefs, but also addresses the fact that a culture is constantly seeking to prove its own originality and identity through suppressing plurality, diversity, altruism, and dissent shall never tolerate the inevitable consequences of this concept. On the other hand, as a cultural and historical term, Postmodernism often invokes in oneâ€™s mind notions of hybridization, emulation, and combination of pre-established styles and trends. In the same way, contemporary art relies on certain visually distinguishable images of classical paintings. Apparently, Intertextuality serves to highlight the important notions of the fundamental relationship as well as the mutual bond and interdependence in todayâ€™s cultural existence. This article studies how Intertextuality as a way of thinking has influenced the development of various painting and architectural styles. For this purpose, we first define Intertextuality and investigate how and why it has come to encompass its present meanings and applications.

Finite Element Modeling of Post-Tensioned Two-Way Concrete Slabs under Flexural Loading Abdul-Razzaq, Khattab Saleem; Mohammed, Abbas Haraj; Mohammedali, Taha Khalid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Post-Tensioned (PT) method is a widely used technique to prevent cracking and to minimize the deflection which is resulted by loads. In this method, stress is applied after concrete placing and reach adequate hardening and strength. This paper investigates the structural behaviour of PT two-way concrete slabs. The main objective of this study involves a detailed flexural behavior analytical investigation of PT concrete two-way slab with the different bonded tendon layout. This will be achieved by non-linear Finite Element (FE) analysis programs method, to choose the most effective and optimum position of tendon layout with different number of tendons and applied load on the concrete two-way slab. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of tendons layout on the overall behavior of post-tensioned two-way concrete slab. The result obtained from finite element analysis showed that the failure load in PT in both directions increased about 89 % as compared with slab PT in one direction.

Investigation of Soil Structure Interaction and Wall Flexibility Effects on Natural Sloshing Frequency of Vessels Abbasi Maedeh, Pouyan; Ghanbari, Ali; Wu, Wei
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2017): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The main purpose of this study is to establish the effects of vessel walls flexibility on its natural sloshing frequency considering soil-structure-fluid interaction theory. Furthermore, two new efficiently relations to find both of wall flexibility and soil-structure interaction effects on natural frequency are developed. Regarding the aim of current study three different conditions of elevated tanks are applied. Fixed base condition with an emphasis on recommendations of international code ACI-350, analytical FSSI regarding equivalent mass spring method, and the numerical direct method regarding theory of finite element are taken into consideration. Results indicate that there is no significant effect of walls flexibility on natural sloshing frequency regarding fixed base assumptions of vessels. On the contrary, significant effects of wall flexibility are achieved considering SSI theory. Results of international code ACI-350 show that, the international codes assumptions have imprecise estimations of natural sloshing frequency in the range of hard to very soft soil categories.Â On the other hand, it is observed that the wall flexibility has a more highlighted effect on natural frequency in soft soils rather than soil-structure interaction. The significance of wall flexibility effect on natural frequency is more than that of SSI considering soil softening.

Performance of Post-Fire Composite Prestressed Concrete Beam Topped with Reinforced Concrete Flange Nibras Abbas Harbi; Amer F. Izzet
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The performance of composite prestressed concrete beam topped with reinforced concrete flange structures in fire depends upon several factors, including the change in properties of the two different materials due to fire exposure and temperature distribution within the composition of the composite members of the structure. The present experimental work included casting of 12 identical simply supported prestressed concrete beams grouped into 3 categories, depending on the strength of the top reinforced concrete deck slab (20, 30, and 40 MPa). They were connected together by using shear connector reinforcements. To simulate the real practical fire disasters, 3 composite prestressed concrete beams from each group were exposed to high temperature flame of 300, 500, and 700°C, and the remaining beams were left without burning as reference specimens. Then, the burned beams were cooled gradually by leaving them at an ambient lab condition, after which the specimens were loaded until failure to study the effect of temperature on the residual beams serviceability, to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of each specimen in comparison with unburned reference beam, and to find the limit of the temperature for a full composite section to remain composite. It was found that the exposure to fire temperature increased the camber of composite beam at all periods of the burning and cooling cycle as well as the residual camber, along with reduction in beam stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of concrete in addition to decrease in the load-carrying capacity.

Evaluation of Carbon Aerogel Manufacturing Process in Order to Desalination of Saline and Brackish Water in Laboratory Scale Massoudinejad, Mohamadreza; Hashempour, Yalda; Mohammad, Hamed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Carbon aerogel its fabrication and characterization and its uses in this process were studied for desalinating of saline and brackish water. The carbon aerogel manufacturing process involves the polymerization and pyrolysis of the mixture of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Carbon aerogels were analyzed using BET, BJH, and T-plot after construction. The effect of various parameters (including the influent salt concentration, the intensity of electric current flow, the distance between the electrodes and pH) on salt adsorption were studied. Analysis of BET/BJH shown that the surface of aerogel was 677.8 m2/g. much of porosity in the samples of carbon aerogel were between 1-2 nm, namely micro-pour and a similar level 0f 456 m2/gr is dedicated to micro-pour, with a correlation coefficient (r) equal to 94.5. According to the results, it seems that carbon aerogel electrodes have a good structure in desalination of brackish and saline water.

Aerated Concrete Produced Using Locally Available Raw Materials Matalkah, Faris; Bharadwaj, Harsha; Balachandra, Anagi; Soroushian, Parviz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2017): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Aerated concrete materials were developed with abundant natural materials. Aerated concrete can provide insulating qualities complemented with secondary structural attributes when used as core in sandwich composites for building construction. A hybrid binder that comprised lime and gypsum was used. Different foaming agents were considered for production of aerated concrete, including saponin that is found abundantly in different plants. Different formulations were considered, and the stability of the foam structure as well as the density and early-age compressive strength of the resulting aerated concrete were evaluated. One formulation comprising lime-gypsum binder with saponin foaming agent, with a density of 0.53 g/cm3, was further characterized through performance of thermal conductivity, split tension, flexure, elastic and shear modulus and sorptivity tests. The results pointed at the satisfactory balance of qualities provided by the aerated concrete when compared with alternative aerated concrete materials.

Technical Evaluation of Integrated Wall and Roof Formwork System and Its Comparison with Ordinary Concrete Building Construction Method Hossein Maleki Toulabi; Mojtaba Hosseini; Kamran Rahim Of
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Nowadays, the development of construction industry is one of the development indices of countries. On the other hand, development of construction industry is more urgent than ever with increased population and consequently, increased desire for urbanization. Considering the inadequacy of traditional and conventional systems for mass housing production, the approach to use modern industrial methods of building along with new technology and observance of the latest technical standards is critical. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare construction method of reinforced concrete cast in-situ walls and slabs with the conventional method of constructing concrete structures using MSP software. Studies show that the integrated wall and ceiling molding technique has been used since the late 1970s in the construction of high-rise residential towers. Currently, integrated wall and ceiling molding system is used as one of the methods in the construction of buildings with load-bearing wall and concrete ceiling. This method brings about improvements in quality, earthquake resistance, reduced run-time, reduced cost, quick return on investment, saving on materials consumption, reduced labor, eco-friendliness, sustainability and longer durability, reduced resource consumption, integrated structure, fire resistance, high flexibility, and employee safety.

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