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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Seismic Design of Steel Structures with Special Flexural Frame Based on Performance by Durability Method Pouyan Ashrafzadeh; Arash Kheyrolahi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 12 (2018): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-03091209

Equivalent static, response spectrum and time history analysis are the well-known analysis methods that traditionally proposed. These methods are highly accurate but requires a great deal of time to match accelerations and the number of analyses, in the other words these methods are time consuming methods. Hence recently the structures are investigated using the durability time method, which plays an essential role in reducing the number of analyses that needs to be created; In fact, the durability time method is a new method of seismic analysis that is presented with a minimum number of time histories analysis. In this method the structure is placed under the influence of an increasing dynamic stimulation, structural response has been investigated over time and evaluated according to the corresponding response to different levels of stimulation intensity, strengths and weaknesses, and structural performance. In this study, steel folding frameworks with 5, 10 and 15 floors were investigated under two analytical methods (Time durability and Time histories methods). At first, the frameworks will be exposed under history of Imperial Governor, Kobe and Lumaprita earthquakes and analysis by finite element software ABAQUS. Then, based on the three analytical functions, the durability is investigated and the results are compared with each other. Finally, the behavior of the structures discussion and conclusion. The results show that the durability analysis method for earthquakes with higher intensity and time is more efficient, and for the Time-less earthquakes by time history method parametrically have a parametrical difference of 5%.

Evaluating the Existing Barriers in Implementing Constructability Samereh Jadidoleslami; Ehsan Saghatforoush; Amirhossein Heravi; Christopher Preece
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 12 (2018): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In fact, constructability is facilitating the construction of a project through integrating knowledge and experience to achieve the overall and common objectives of the project in all stages of it, but practically there is still a significant gap between design, construction, and achieving the desired project objectives. Studies show that separating the design and construction processes and lack of presence of the contractor in the design stage, prevent the effective use of experiences and specialty of the contractor to improve and develop design processes. This issue results in increasing project time and cost, poor relationships, and also increasing project waste and duplication. The barriers to implementing this concept can have major differences with each other in different locations all over the world, due to the unity of the executive conditions in various countries. This paper evaluates the existing practical barriers to implementation of constructability in the construction industry. A comprehensive literature review has been performed by the authors through using the Meta-Synthesis method and findings were used to form research assumptions. Three case studies of Mass Housing project (MHP) in Tehran were instigated. Outputs taken from nine interviews with different experts in this industry working in diverse areas, including owners, consultants and contractors are then ranked after theoretical saturation compared using the NVIVO Software and through pattern and descriptive analyses. The concept of constructability is focused on the early presence of contractors in the initial stages of the project. So that, through integrating knowledge and experience, problems due to lack of their presence in the early stages of the project can be reduced. Comparing the existing barriers to implementing constructability in Iran with those of the wider world, presents some effective solutions to facilitate the presence of the construction contractors in the early stages of projects.

A Review on the Magnetorheological Fluid, Damper and Its Applications for Seismic Mitigation Cruze, Daniel; G, Hemalatha; Jebadurai, S. Vincent Sam; L, Sarala; D, Tensing; Christy, S. S. Judith Emiliah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 12 (2018): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids and dampers have wide advances as smart materials because of its unique properties, notably, viscosity increases in the presence when magnetic field applied MR Fluids composed of three key components, including carrier fluid, surfactants and metal particles. The major applications of MR Fluids are in brakes, dampers, journal bearings, fluid clutches, pneumatic artificial muscles, aerospace etc. where electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy (Damping Force) in a controlled manner. Within a few milliseconds the fluid converts from liquid to semi solid state. Over the years, researchers were concerned on the ways to enhance the modelling precision. Though the proposed Dynamic models of MR Dampers represent displacement and force behaviour. In this review paper, the advances of MR Fluids, MR Damper, Damper Models, Energy harvesting and their applications for seismic resistance of structures are briefly discussed in the present study.

Effect of Earthquake loads on School Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Yasser Alashker; Khalid Elhady; Mohammed Ismaeil
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Background: The designing of the reinforced concrete building for the reduction of the seismic load has significantly gained popularity. Most of the buildings in Saudi Arabia are designed for the gravity load, based on its seismicity level. Objective: The study evaluates the effects of the earthquake load on the RC school building located in Saudi Arabia. Method: An equivalent static analysis technique used to apply the seismic analysis and design method according to Saudi Building Code SBC301 (2007). This design code is used to redesign the chosen school building. The SAP 2000 structural analysis software was used to analyses and study the structure behaviour due to the seismic load. Results: The results of the study provide that the RC school building design in Saudi Arabia is inadequate, and unsafe for the earth quakes. Conclusion: One of the important conclusions in this study is that the designer of the school building in Saudi Arabia should take into consideration the earthquake loads. It also emphasizes on the development of the adequate framework for the implementation of the safe designing of the buildings inclusive of earthquake safety measures.

Displacement and Deformation of the First Tunnel Lining During the Second Tunnel Construction Lin Wu; Xiedong Zhang; Zhihua Zhang; Luqing Luo; Weichen Sun
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A three-dimensional twin tunnels scale model was established utilizing the discrete element method (DEM) with PFC3D. This model aims to investigate the displacement (in horizontal and vertical directions) and deformation of the first tunnel lining in four different cases which the clear distance of twin tunnels are 5, 10, 15 and 20 m during the second tunnel construction process. The numerical results indicate that the clear distance between twin tunnels and the distance between the measurement points of the first tunnel and the excavation area of the second tunnel are two most critical factors that influence the displacement and deformation of the first tunnel lining. Meanwhile, the soil arching effect, gravity, water pressure and lateral pressure also have an impact on the behavior of the first tunnel. The maximum disturbance of horizontal and vertical displacements occurred in the time points of finishing of the second tunnel. However, the horizontal displacement of the first tunnel is much more sensitive to the vertical displacement. The first tunnel turns to the right and down in direction while having an anticlockwise rotation (φ) during the process of construction of the second tunnel. In addition, the displacement and deformation of the lining of the first tunnel are critical to monitor, and the necessary precautions should be taken to decrease the risk of craze. In conclusion, the influence of the second tunnel excavation on the first tunnel lining could be neglected when their distance is more than 15 m.

Prediction of Sediment Accumulation Model for Trunk Sewer Using Multiple Linear Regression and Neural Network Techniques Rami Raad Ahmed Al-Ani; Basim Hussein Khudair Al-Obaidi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Sewer sediment deposition is an important aspect as it relates to several operational and environmental problems. It concerns municipalities as it affects the sewer system and contributes to sewer failure which has a catastrophic effect if happened in trunks or interceptors. Sewer rehabilitation is a costly process and complex in terms of choosing the method of rehabilitation and individual sewers to be rehabilitated. For such a complex process, inspection techniques assist in the decision-making process; though, it may add to the total expenditure of the project as it requires special tools and trained personnel. For developing countries, Inspection could prohibit the rehabilitation proceeds. In this study, the researchers proposed an alternative method for sewer sediment accumulation calculation using predictive models harnessing multiple linear regression model (MLRM) and artificial neural network (ANN). AL-Thawra trunk sewer in Baghdad city is selected as a case study area; data from a survey done on this trunk is used in the modeling process. Results showed that MLRM is acceptable, with an adjusted coefficient of determination (adj. R2) in order of 89.55%. ANN model found to be practical with R2 of 82.3% and fit the data better throughout its range. Sensitivity analysis showed that the flow is the most influential parameter on the depth of sediment deposition.

Experimental Investigation and Statistical Modeling of FRP Confined RuC Using Response Surface Methodology Feng, Xiong; Tufail, Rana Faisal; Zahid, Muhammad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Scrap tires that are dumped to landfill is a serious problem in China and rest of the world. The use of rubber in concrete is an effective environmental approach to reduce the amount of scrap tires around the world. However, the loss in compressive strength of concrete is a major drawback of rubberized concrete. In this paper, the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confinement technique is used to overcome the drawbacks of rubberized concrete (RuC). A total of sixty six RuC cylinders were tested in axial compression. The cylinders were cast using recycled rubber to replace, a) 0-50 percent fine aggregate volume, b) 0-50 percent coarse aggregate volume, and c) 40-50 percent fine and coarse aggregate volume. Twenty seven cylinders of the latter mix were then confined with one, two and three layers of CFRP jackets. Concrete suffered a substantial reduction in compressive strength up to 80 percent by fine and coarse aggregate replacement with rubber content. However, CFRP jackets recovered and further enhanced the axial compressive strength of RuC up to 600% over unconfined RuC. SEM was performed to investigate the microstructural properties of RuC. Statistical models were developed on the basis of experimental tests for FRP confined RuC cylinders using response surface method. The effect of variable factors; unconfined concrete strength, rubber replacement type and number of FRP layers on confined compressive concrete strength was investigated. The regression analysis was performed to develop the response equations based on quadratic models. The predicted and experimental test results were found in good agreement as the variation between experimental and predicted values were less than 5%. Furthermore, the difference between predicted and adjusted R2 was found to be less than 0.2 which shows the significance of the statistical models. These proposed statistical models can provide a better understanding to design the experiments and the parameters affecting FRP-confined RuC cylinders.

Biosorption of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Pistachio Hull Waste as a Low-Cost Biosorbent Majid Zamani Beidokhti; Seyed Taghi Omid Naeeni; Mohammad Sajjad AbdiGhahroudi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

There are many different industrial wastewater containing heavy metals that contribute to environmental pollution and raw agricultural waste is an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals. The adsorption behavior of pistachio hull powder (PHP) as a low-cost adsorbent, with respect to nickel (II) ions, has been studied in order to consider its application to the purification of metal finishing wastewater. In this work, adsorption of nickel on pistachio hull has been studied by batch techniques. The adsorption depends on the process time, the pH of the solution, initial concentration of metals and the adsorbent concentration in the suspension. The kinetics of adsorption were relatively fast, reaching equilibrium for less than 60 minutes. Kinetic and isotherm modeling studies demonstrated that the experimental data best fit a pseudo-second order and Freundlich model, respectively. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was 14 mg/g. The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 4-6. The initial concentration of the adsorbate and the concentration of pistachio hull strongly affect the process. No influence of particle size was evidenced. A degree of adsorption higher than 75% can be achieved for nickel (II) ions.

Efficiency Concepts and Models that Evaluates the Strength of Concretes Containing Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials Rahul Biswas; Baboo Rai
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The usage of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) is very much acknowledged due to the several improvements possible in the concrete composites, and because of the general economy. Research work till date suggests that utilization of SCMs enhance a significant number of the performance characteristics of the hardened concrete. The idea of efficiency can be utilized for comparing the relative performance of different pozzolans when incorporated into concrete. The efficiency concept, which was initially developed for fly ash, can be effortlessly connected to other advantageous s as well, such as silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans. A quantitative understanding of the efficiency of SCMs as a mineral admixture in concrete is essential for its effective utilization. The paper reviews the literature pertaining to the different efficiency concepts and models present to date that evaluates the strength of concretes containing different SCMs. This short survey demonstrates that there is a need for a superior comprehension of the SCMs in concrete for its powerful usage. Also, it is an effort directed towards a specific understanding of the efficiency of SCMs in concrete.

Prediction of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Strength Properties by Micromechanics Method Shriganesh Shantikumar Kadam; V. V. Karjinni; C. S. Jarali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

High strength steel fiber reinforced concrete (HSSFRC) was prepared with the help of steel fiber. 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% steel fiber by volume of concrete specimen was used in concrete for present investigation. Compressive strength test and flexural strength test were conducted on cubical and prismatic specimens respectively.The main objective of the research work is to validate the experimental out comes by a numerical technique such as micromechanics approach. A high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete whose compressive strength is greater than 60 N/mm2 was prepared and tested on concrete testing machine. Flexural strength test was conducted on universal testing machine to evaluate the bending properties of concrete. It was observed that with increase in the percentage of steel fiber volume the compressive strength and flexural strength also increases. However the workability of concrete declines and concrete is no longer in working condition. Micromechanics technique helps to predict the strength properties which save time required for casting and such technique was found to be beneficial.

Page 44 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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