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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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The Uptake of E-Commerce Services In Johannesburg Worku, Yohannes Bekele; Muchie, Mammo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The aim of study was to assess the pace of adoption and quality of E-Commerce services that are provided to customers in Johannesburg, South Africa.Â Data was collected from 180 E-Commerce enterprises operating in Fourways, Eastgate and Rosebank. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance model (MANOVA) with maximum likelihood estimation was used for comparing the three business districts of Johannesburg with regards to the average cost of services and the average length of time required for providing services to customers.Â The adequacy of E-Commerce services provided to customers was assessed based on criteria defined by Bonson et al. [1]. The study showed that there was no significant difference among the three business districts of Johannesburg with regards to both variables of comparison (cost and time). The results showed that the pace of adoption of E-Commerce services in the three business districts was significantly influenced by a combination of technological and organisational factors. The study has shown that E-Commerce enterprises in Johannesburg need assistance from the City of Johannesburg in areas related to infrastructure, economic incentives, skills-based training, and monitoring and evaluation.

Synthesis of Guaranteed Stability Regions of a Nonstationary Nonlinear System with a Fuzzy Controller Berdnikov, Vasiliy; Lokhin, Valeriy
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The paper proposes a method for constructing guaranteed regions of stability of nonstationary nonlinear systems on the plane of parameters of a fuzzy PID controller. It is shown that this method allows to determine the full stability areas, which are significantly larger than the areas determined by classical methods (frequency circle criterion, quadratic Lyapunov functions). This improvement is achieved by using the algorithm for constructing spline Lyapunov functions. This type of Lyapunov functions is based on the necessary and sufficient conditions of stability, while the classical methods are only sufficient conditions of stability. In this regard, on the basis of the proposed method, it is possible to calculate the maximum sizes of the sectors in which the nonlinear characteristics in the channels of the fuzzy PID controller should be located. Examples of the synthesis of fuzzy P, PI, PID controllers for a nonstationary control object of the third order are given. Numerical experiments show that the expansion of the boundaries of nonlinear characteristics allows to improve the accuracy in the steady state, and also to almost double the speed of the automatic control system with a nonstationary object. The advantages over linear controllers are demonstrated. The proposed method guarantees the stability inside the calculated stability regions for any character of the change in the nonstationary parameter, as well as for any character of the change in the nonlinear characteristics in the corresponding sectors.

Behavior of RC Eccentric Corner Beam-Column Joint under Cyclic Loading: An Experimental Work Ali Basha; Sabry Fayed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The present research investigates experimentally the behavior of the reinforced concrete BCJ joint under quasi-static cyclic loads for different mount of the shear reinforcement. The specimen consisted of two columns and two beams; one is a free end and the other is a fixed end. The shear reinforcement of the joint was 1Ø6 mm, 2Ø6 mm, and 3Ø6 mm. Three specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading up to failure. The cracking loads, ultimate loads, deflection of the free end of the loaded beam, crack patterns and failure modes for BCJ were recorded and analyzed at each cycle. Also energy dissipation and stiffness degradation of all specimens were discussed. The experimental result indicates that the increase in the amount of the stirrups of the joint transmitted the main failure into the column far away from the joint. The increase in the amount of joint stirrups enhanced the joint capacity. The stirrups are most effective in is the middle third part of the BCJ than others two parts.

Investigating the Behavior of Buildings under the Effect of the New Design Ground Motion of Iraq Mustafa Shakir Farman; AbdulMuttalib Isa Said
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recently, Iraq has experienced an increase in seismic activity, especially, near the east boundary with Iran which enhanced the need to study its effect on the behavior of buildings. In this study, a comprehensive methodology was applied to investigate the behavior of a moment frame system with respect to its height after subjected to the design ground motion at Baghdad according to the recently developed seismic hazard maps and, after developing and designing the required configurations of archetype models, specifying life safety as an aimed performance level, modeling nonlinearity and applying the nonlinear static analysis (NSP) according to ASCE/SEI41-13, FEMA356 and FEMA P-695. This methodology is started by sizing members cross-sectional dimensions and applying reinforcement detailing requirements according to ACI318-14. Results show that, for a given building height and number of bays, inelastic drifts increase with decreasing the bay width because the overall building stiffness is decreased and it will be more slender, and consequently, the P- delta effects increased. Also, as the building height increased, both, target and minimum shear capacities decrease and the target displacement increases under the effect of the same earthquake ground motion. Consequently, a necessary limitation on the height of these buildings were deduced to ensure their ability to withstand the future ground shaking and, in the same time, maintaining the life safety performance level of damage. Where, it is found that the maximum allowed heights of framed buildings in Baghdad are 17, 25 and 32 stories for 6, 7.5 and 9 m bay widths, respectively.

Strategic Development of Transportation Demand Management in Jordan Basim Jrew; Majed Msallam; Mona Momani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The urban population growth and increase in a number of vehicles have affected the travel demand on Jordan Streets. The study aims to apply the Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policies to reduce the traffic flow in urban areas and improve the Level of Service (LOS). A group of a combination between TDM and Transportation System Management (TSM) strategies have been conducted, when TDM strategies were not successful to improve LOS. TSM concept refers to any group of actions that increase the capacity of roads network. Synchro 8 software was used to analyse the intersection conditions as important point, connecting two main arterial street in Amman area. A significant reduction in delay and fuel consumption was measured, but there was no real enhancement in LOS. The LOS was improved, when traffic demand was reduced by 20% and capacity was increased with 6 lanes on each approach for the existing conditions. The percentage of saving in fuel consumption and delay was observed to be around 64% and 63%, respectively for the next 5 years.

Investigating the Behavior of the Plastic Concrete Made with Different Types of Fibers with an Approach to the Mixing Plans of Plastic Concrete Abolfazl Ostovarzijerdi; Akbar Ghanbari; Mohammad Karkon
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The complicated nature of the plastic concrete’s behavior compared to conventional concrete has led to the study of the behavior of the plastic concrete and the advent of suitable solutions to improve the behavior of the concrete due to the abundance of plastic concrete in the construction of cut-off walls under the dams. For the purpose of a practical study, at first, the mixing plan of the plastic concrete cut-off wall in Nargesi dam was investigated. Then, 22 primitive mixing plans were identified and labeled in the laboratory to identify the optimal mixing plan in accordance with the required technical criteria. After selecting the desired optimal design, to investigate the effect of the fiber on the behavior of this concrete, %0.19 and 0.38% volumes of polypropylene, hooked metal and corrugated metal fibers were used; hence, 168 samples were presented. Compressive strength for the ages of 7, 28, 42 and 90 days with elasticity modulus as well as corresponding stress-strain curves and tensile strength for 90-day age were investigated. The results indicated that the extremely high compressive strength and modulus of elasticity have a very high impact on the amount of bentonite and the ratio of water to bentonite so that with increasing these two values, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity decrease significantly. The results indicated that using fibers increases deformation which is more evident in samples made with polypropylene fibers. The results also showed that the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of plastic concrete is increasing linearly with time, and the elastic modulus growth rate is lower than the compressive strength due to the increase in the duration of time, and in other words, the plastic state concrete changes less over time.

Non-Volumetric Pricing is a Threat to Water Reserves Hafiz Usama Imad; Muhammad Akram Akhund; Muhammad Ali; Ashfaque Ahmed Pathan; Aftab Ahmed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Pakistan is a country having the world largest irrigation system but despite that, it is facing several droughts and floods. The storage capacity of the country is only 30 days whereas the required standard capacity is 120 days. The major source of water for the country is surface water and in many areas, groundwater is also used in a large quantity for domestic as well as agricultural use. Pakistan has large water reservoirs but still, it is facing serious challenges in providing safe drinking water due to the mismanagement of natural water resources. The major cause behind the depletion of water resources of the country is over-use of water. The main objective of this study is to find the behavior of people by comparing volumetric and nonvolumetric water use and the price they pay for both. There is a need to compare volumetric and nonvolumetric water pricing scenarios and its impact on water conservation for the district of Hyderabad. The study was conducted through questionnaire surveys, from three administrative units of the Hyderabad namely Qasimabad, Latifabad, and City. Three types of water utilities, namely Tapped water (water supplied by WASA), groundwater and tankered water were found as major sources for domestic use. The domestic use of groundwater is found to be mostly unpaid, while people having lined water services pay an average of Rs 300 (USD 2.2) but the percentage of these people is only 60%. On the other hand, people who consume tankered water (volumetric based charging) are paying on average Rs 5000 (USD 35.7) per month. The main finding of this study is that the households which were using tanker water were more careful in optimizing the use of water as compared to those who were using tapped water. Therefore, considering the economic worth of water, if it is charged on a volumetric basis then the misuse of water can be reduced noticeably.

Sustainability Comparison for Steel and Basalt Fiber Reinforcement, Landfills, Leachate Reservoirs and Multi-Functional Structure Adejuyigbe, IfeOluwa B.; Chiadighikaobi, Paschal C.; Okpara, Donatus A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

To a large extend sustainable construction of any structure greatly depends on the materials used in its formation. Traditionally, materials such as bricks, mortar, steels are still important components of most buildings. But modern technology is equally changing how materials are created and used.Based on the above explanation, the objective of this paper was to compare the steel structures with basalt fiber reinforced concrete. As basalt fiber is still not wide spread, this paper focus on the advantages, usages and applications of basalt fiber reinforced concrete to solve construction and structural challenges. The method and analysis used in this paper was derived from research and works done by previous authors on similar topics. Previous research information show that producers and users of these materials make choice of building materials to depend on the area the structure is proposed to be built and on the taste and ideas given by the client. Their consideration is often devoid of environmental, psychological, social and economy factors. The research methods lead to the understanding on the use and importance of basalt fiber concrete for landfills, leachate reservoirs and multifunctional structure.This paper helps structural users and engineers to know that green materials with good environmental characteristics that support nature are being considered as best construction materials due to what they are composed of. Waste and cost are also crucial as far as construction materials are concern. Even now, management of waste products from landfills specially leachates requires better construction designs in tropical region like Nigeria. More so, in line with the recent safe the climate calls, efforts to select the kind of material used in raising structures are becoming unavoidable.

Experimental Investigation of the Densification Properties of Clay Soil Mixes with Tire Waste Davood Akbarimehr; Esmail Aflaki; Abolfazl Eslami
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The annual increase in production of industrial wastes, including scrap tire, has created several challenges for societies. Incorporating the wastes as raw materials has been proposed in different industries, using waste tire as physical additives and investigating the geotechnical properties of this mixture can reduce the environmental pollution, as well as offering economic and technical benefits. Clay soils are abundant in southern regions of Tehran where scrap tire is also produced in large quantities every year. Therefore, provided the chance, incorporating these wastes into the soil mix is significant as regards both geotechnical properties and environmental considerations. As a fundamental means of investigation in construction activities, in particular road construction, the compaction test is useful in determining the maximum density and the optimum moisture content of the soil. In this study, considering that this research has not yet been investigated for Tehran clay and has environmental benefits while having engineering application, the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the clay mixed with two types of additives (waste tire powder and granules) at various mass fractions (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) using standard compaction tests were investigated. The results suggested that the variations of the optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density in both clay mixes demonstrate a certain and predictable trend as the waste content increases. In other words, by increasing the percentage of waste in the mixture, the optimum moisture content is increased, and this increase in the mixture of the tire powder and clay is more than granule and clay. In addition, by increasing the percentage of waste, the maximum dry weight of the mixture was reduced, and this reduction in the mixture of tire powder and clay is almost higher than that of tire granule and clay. Furthermore, relations were presented to estimate the maximum density and the optimum moisture content of the mix to be applied in practice.

Influence of Voids Ratio on Impact Behavior of Circular Ferrocement Slabs Muyasser M. Jomaah; Muna Zead Baraa
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The objective of using materials is to fully utilize the properties of these materials in order to obtain the best performance of the structure. The merits of material are based on many factors like, workability, structural strength, durability and low cost. Ferrocement is an excellent construction system. This paper studies the behavior of ferrocement circular slabs under impact load. The experimental program include testing four sime fixed supported ferrocement circular slabs of 800mm diameter and 50mm thickness. The Influence of the use of styropor voids was investigated in different ratios (24% and 48%) and a number of wire mesh layers four and six layers. Impact load test results revealed that increasing number of wire mesh from 4 to 6 led to an increase in the impact energy for first crack by (41.991% ,37.62%) respectively when using voids ratio by (24% and 48%) respectively and impact energy for full perforation by (21.7% and 9.94%) respectively when using voids ratio by (24% and 48%) respectively. Ferrocement circular slabs are used in construction fields such as roofs, tanks, manholes, etc.

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