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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Evaluation of Multi-Precipitation Products for Multi-Time Scales and Spatial Distribution During 2007-2015 Nguyen Tien Thanh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recently, several precipitation products are released with the improved algorithm to strengthen the performance of precipitation construction and monitoring. These data play a key role in a wide range of hydrological models, water resources modeling and environmental researches. Especially in developing countries like Vietnam, it is challenging to gather data for long-term time series at scales of daily and sub-daily due to the very coarse density of observation station. In order to overcome the problem of data scarcity, this study aims to evaluate the performance of newest multiple precipitation products including Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42 V7), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing Version 1.0 (CMORPH_V1.0), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis systems (ERA-Interim), Climate Research Unit Time series Version 4.0.1 (CRU TS 4.0.1) and Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources version 2 (APHRODITE) in comparison with measured precipitation for multiple time scales (daily, monthly, seasonal and annual), taking the VuGia-ThuBon (VG-TB) as a pilot basin where climate regime is complex. Seven continuous and four dichotomous statistics are applied to evaluate the precipitation estimates qualitatively at multiple time scales. In addition, specifically, evaluation of spatial distribution of multiple time scales is implemented. The results show lower precipitation estimates in areas of high elevation and higher precipitation estimates over the areas of plain and coastal in comparison with measured precipitation for all considered precipitation data. More importantly, ERA-Interim well captures rain events of heavy rain (50.0-100 mm/day). CMORHPH_V1.0 better reproduces the rain events with little overestimation of light rain (0.6-6 mm/day) than the others. For zero rain events (0-0.6 mm/day), TRMM 3B42 V7 gives the best performance. Furthermore, the cumulative distribution function of APHRODITE well matches the distribution of measured precipitation. All precipitation products completely fail to capture the rain events of extremely heavy rain. More importantly, a formula is proposed to scale and adjust the merged satellite precipitation at a sub-daily scale.

Development of 3-D Finite Element Models for Geo-Jute Reinforced Flexible Pavement Md Mostaqur Rahman; Sajib Saha; Amin Sami Amin Hamdi; Md Jobair Bin Alam
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this study, three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis are performed to evaluate the effect of geo-textile interlayer on the performance of flexible pavement. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the improvement in stress distribution of flexible pavement due to the application of geo-jute at three specific positions i.e., subgrade-base interface, base-asphalt layer interface, and within asphalt layers. Stress, strain and displacement values are investigated and compared for the application of geo-jute interlayer on various positions. Moreover, to better understand the mechanistic behavior of geo-jute on pavement subgrade, a separate 3-D finite element model is developed to simulate the California bearing ratio (CBR) test on geo-jute reinforced soil. Results showed that the inclusion of geo-jute on flexible pavement significantly improves the pavement performance by producing lower stress, strain, and displacement at top of the subgrade. Moreover, the bearing capacity of subgrade soil increased more than 20% due to the inclusion of geo-jute.

Development and Application of Fire Video Image Detection Technology in China’s Road Tunnels Wentao Dai; Jixun Jiang; Guofeng Ding; Zhigang Liu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A large number of highway tunnels, urban road tunnels and underwater tunnels have been constructed throughout China over the last two decades. With the rapid increase in vehicle traffic, the number of fire incidents in road tunnels have also substantially increased. This paper aims to review the development and application of fire video image detection (VID) technology and their impact on fire safety in China’s road tunnels. The challenges of fire safety in China’s road tunnels are analyzed. The capabilities and limitations of fire detection technologies currently used in China’s road tunnels are discussed. The research and development of fire VID technology in road tunnels, including various detection algorithms, evolution of VID systems and evaluation of their performances in various tunnel tests are reviewed. Some cases involving VID applications in China’s road tunnels are reported. The studies show that the fire VID systems have unique features in providing fire protection and their detection capability and reliability have been enhanced over the decades with the advance in detection algorithms, hardware and integration with other tunnel systems. They have become an important safety system in China’s road tunnels.

The Visual Effects of Store's Signage Displays in Urban Landscape Adeleh Talebzadeh; Azadeh Sharifi Nowghabi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Most conducted studies about urban development in architecture, urbanism and environmental graphics areas indicate that urban furnishing is one the effective factors of urban landscape, Graphic and environmental signs and structures have an effective role in inducing identifying and strengthening the sense of place, and man can realize the identity and existence of space unconsciously. If the environment has the right design, it will make us calm and cause prosperous creativity and positive moves that ultimately lead to progress. Providing the clarity, readability, and clear image of the environment gives the person a sense of security. The aim to have a clear picture of the environment is that one can easily recognize the components of the environment and connect them in their minds in an interconnected form. The irregularity of a series of elements that lacks aesthetic values has created visual distortion for the citizens. One of these cases is the store's signage, which leads to overcrowding due to irregularities, and completely violates the main purpose of the urban design which is creating visual comfort. The study conducted on paying attention to the importance of urban furnishing and designing store's signage and its role in urban landscape. It was a practical study with laboratory and survey method. The findings indicated that along with abundant issues of urban furnishing, paying attention to designing store signs has an important role in improving urban landscape.

Psychological Influence of Advertising Billboards on City Sight Sharifi Nowghabi, Azadeh; Talebzadeh, Adeleh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The most important contributions of metropolitan cities to modernity is its noise pollution and visual, and structural disturbances in urban life. Due to the fact that these cities have entered into a new world that has not experienced any of its principles before it has tested the urban structure and has a proper connection between the needs of the inhabitants and even the dominant tradition and culture. City billboards and advertisements have doubled the visual disturbances in this new sovereignty of urbanization; this kind of visual pollution causes mental confusion and reduces the intellectual concentration of individuals, and its effects and consequences is progressing through time. The images in the city's atmosphere, including buildings, streets, traffic signs and commercial and exterior signs of buildings and stores, various billboards and urban furniture, and other elements that are exposed to the public, have different colors which have different psychological effects on viewers. Color as one of the most important visual elements can have an active and influential effect on the general public's perspective of the city and its psychological effects on its citizens. The question is whether a suitable solution could be made to regulate the types of commercial billboards and, thus, provide psychological comfort and safety for citizens. This study has used library resources, internet data and survey method and analysed them after observing and investigating the collected data and the analysis of colors in advertising billboards and their layout along with their psychological effects, especially in the intersection of the crowded streets of Mashhad. In addition to searching for major problems in urban advertising in terms of environmental qualities, the researchers have tried to provide appropriate solutions to the challenge through visual comfort components and their evaluation. The results of this research show that the promotion of the level of visual components, including color in advertising, and in particular at the intersection of streets and congestion of traffic signs and warning signs, has a profound effect on urban landscape. Accordingly, encouraging the use of appropriate advertising equipment and providing appropriate solutions for organizing and institutionalizing urban advertising, will enhance its quality and create order and beauty in the environment, and thus provide visual comfort to citizens.

Finite Element Modelling of RC T - Beams Reinforced Internally with GFRP Reinforcements R., Balamuralikrishnan; J., Saravanan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) are being used extensively in the rehabilitation and retrofitting of existing structuresÂ as an external reinforcement because of their properties like high strength to weight and stiffness to weightÂ ratios, corrosion resistance, light weight and high durability. They are especially used in the reinforced concrete structure like bridges, chimney, high rise building etc. At present FRP reinforcements are available in the form of reinforcing bars and are used in the structures in place of steel, mainly the structures are constructed near the coastal areas or in the aggressive environments. The main advantage of FRP rebar is its corrosion resistance, light weight, durability and easy handing. The FRP rebars are being used worldwide for many structures including bridge structures as well, but not well explored because of its availability. The main objective of this thesis work is to assess the static load behaviour of RC T-beams reinforced internally with GFRP reinforcements using finite element analysis software ANSYS. Totally twelve numbers of specimens were considered in this study with varying parameters such as type of reinforcements, reinforcements ratio and concrete grade. Modelling of the T- beams were done with ANSYS using solid 65 and link 8 element and the same were analyzed under static loading conditions. The results obtained from the ANSYS were compared with the theoretical and experimental analysis. Based on the comparison suitable conclusions and recommendations are made in this research work.

Pedestrians’ Speed Analysis for Two-Stage Crossing at a Signalized Intersection Guo, Yongqing; Wang, Xiaoyuan; Meng, Xinqiang; Wang, Jie; Liu, Yaqi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Pedestrian walking speed is an important and essential parameter for designing traffic signals at signalized intersections. However, there is a lack of understanding of pedestrian speed characteristics in a twice crossing. This paper focuses on analyzing the differences of pedestrians’ crossing speeds between the two stages, and identifying the major factors affecting the speed changes. Pedestrians were classified by age, gender and group size, and pedestrians’ speed characteristics of each group were analyzed. Besides, each age group were divided into five categories by gender and group size, and the effect sizes of gender and group size on speed-changing at the two stages were examined. The results show significant differences in walking speed on different gender and age groups, as well as on different group size. The young group has different factors affecting the speed change in the two directions, and the middle-aged and old groups have same factors affecting the speed change in the two directions. This study proposed a goal–oriented and time-driven behavior model for pedestrian two-stage crossing at signalized intersections, where the two directions have different pedestrian signal timing. The results also show that the proposed model is effective in simulating pedestrian speed characteristics of twice crossing. This research provides a theoretical basis for identifying pedestrian movement intention, optimizing signal timing, and improving pedestrian infrastructure at signalized intersections.

Energy Absorption Capacity Of Layered Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams With Openings In Web Jomaah, Muyasser M.; Ghaidan, Diyaree J.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This research presents the flexural behavior on reinforced concrete beam with transverse web opening constructed from layered concrete. The layered concrete combining normal concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) are depended in present study. In the experimental program, 13 models of normal and layered reinforced concrete beams are tested under the effect of four-point loads. All beams had the same overall geometrical dimensions and main longitudinal top and bottom with internal diagonal reinforcement provided around the openings.Â One of the beam specimen is tested as control beam and the other specimens are divided into three groups [G1, G2, and G3] to study the effects of the following variables: effect of presence of web openings, layered system, lightweight aggregate (partially volumetric replacement of normal aggregate by thermostone) on the ultimate load, cracking load, cracking pattern and energy absorption capacity. The existing of an opening in beam specimens reduced the flexural capacity of beams with a percentage depending on the size of opening and opening number. The test data obtained from the adopted layered technique of (NEW) and (LWC) have shown that for beams constructed from two layered concrete (LWC with thermostone in the web and bottom flange of I-beam section) ultimate load is decreased about (9.3%-48.8%). It has also, the beams constructed from three-layered of concrete (LWC with thermostone in the web of I-beam section), their ultimate load is decreased about (25.6%-58.1%). On the other hand, magnitude increased of energy absorption capacity are achieved by the decreased opening size, introducing the full size opening of dimension (100Ã—1000) mm reduces the energy absorption capacity of the RC I-section beams at least 80% compared to solid beam while the beam with opening size (100Ã—100) mm decrease up to 16%. In the case of the layered concrete beams specimen, the real influence of lightweight concrete (LWC) type in the layered reinforced concrete is observed significantly after increasing the length of opening more than 100 mm.

Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Polypropylene Fiber Sarah Adnan Hussein; Haifaa Abd Al-Rasool Ali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Current research main aim is to study the effect of adding polypropylene fiber (PPF) on the behavior of expansive soil to reduce the swelling as percentage (0.5, 1 and 2%) of the weight of dry soil. Expansive soil used in this research was prepared artificially by mixing Ca-based bentonite from geological survey and mining company with sandy soil brought from Karbala city as percentage 80% bentonite to 20% sand of dry weight. Multiple laboratory tests have been carried are (Unconfined Compression Test, One-Dimensional Consolidation Test, Swelling Test, Sieve Analysis and Cycle Swell Shrink Test). A conventional odometer cell was modified to allow the study of swell- shrink cycle test to be carried out under controlled temperatures and surcharge pressure. The results showed that the increase in percentage of (PPF) led to decrease the swelling and to increase the unconfined compression strength. The wetting and drying results of (PPF) showed that with continuous cycles the effect of (PPF) keeps on reducing the swelling and the 2% of (PPF) produces less ratio of swell - shrink, which has obtained higher than 57 % in the improvement factor of swell and shrink.

Evaluation of Drivers’ Affectability and Satisfaction with Black Spots Warning Application Yazdani, Mirbahador; Rassafi, Amir Abbas
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Since a significant percentage of crashes occur at black spots, different methods have been proposed to prioritize the modification of these spots and prevent crashes. One of these prevention methods in transportation is the hazard warning systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of drivers and their affectability from a map-based warning application is evaluated. To this end, black spots were identified on one of the two-way two-lane highways in the North-West of Iran and 32 male drivers were tested in the intervention group (warning state) and the control group (non-warning state). The evaluation of the warning application was done in two steps. In the first stage, drivers’ affectability between the two groups was compared, where average speed and number of speed limit violations were studied in warning and non-warning states. In the second stage, drivers' satisfaction with application features was examined using questionnaires. The findings showed that the difference in mean speeds at black spots between warning and non-warning states was significant with 95% confidence level and the use of warning application was effective in reducing the number of drivers with speed limit violations at black spots. Most drivers were highly content with the warning from car speakers, advisory warnings and warning distance from black spot, and did not have enough satisfaction with visual warnings, the application installation procedure, and warnings from smartphone speakers. Additionally, the results of the questionnaire revealed that not only warnings did not cause distraction for the drivers, they were effective in increasing their caution. These findings can be used to eliminate the shortcomings of the hazard warning application.

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