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Jurnal Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur & Energi
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
ISSN : 26227398     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering
Jurnal Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur & Energi, yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Teknik, Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU), Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, Jurnal Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur & Energi menerima artikel ilmiah hasil-hasil penelitian, dan eksperimen, yang mencakup pada bidang Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi, Mesin, dan ilmu yang relevan pada sektor terkait.
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Articles 266 Documents
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Optimasi Material Komposit Keramik–Polimer–Serat Alam untuk Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi Serap dan Ketahanan Balistik Muhammad Kafka Navisa Elzahri; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.27063

Abstract

The optimization of multilayer ceramic–polymer–natural fiber composite design has become a critical focus in the development of lightweight armor systems with high energy absorption efficiency and enhanced ballistic resistance. Recent studies have highlighted the synergy between ceramic front layers, polymer interlayers, and natural fiber backings that can effectively dissipate impact energy while maintaining optical transparency and structural integrity. This review consolidates 20 recent studies that analyze material selection, layer configuration, and hybridization methods for improving the mechanical and ballistic performance of composite systems. The results indicate that the integration of ceramic strike faces such as alumina (Al₂O₃) or boron carbide (B₄C), coupled with polymer matrices like epoxy or UHMWPE reinforced with natural fibers (kenaf, curaua, jute), yields an optimal balance between lightweight design, high energy absorption, and structural resilience. The review also discusses computational optimization approaches such as finite element modeling (FEM) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for predicting multilayer performance.
Material Adsorben untuk Remediasi Air: Tinjauan Literatur Berdasarkan Variabel pH, Waktu Kontak, dan Konsentrasi Rivaldo Bintang Sitorus; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.27047

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in water sources has become a growing environmental concern due to industrial, mining, and domestic waste activities. Metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Fe are toxic, non-biodegradable, and tend to accumulate in living organisms. One effective method for removing heavy metals from water is adsorption, a process where metal ions adhere to the surface of solid materials. This method is favored for its efficiency, low cost, and ability to utilize natural materials. This literature review examines fifteen recent studies (2020–2025) focusing on the performance of natural and modified adsorbents derived from agricultural biomass, fishery waste, and natural minerals. The analysis emphasizes the influence of pH, contact time, and metal concentration on adsorption capacity and efficiency. The findings show that optimum conditions generally occur at pH 4–6 with contact times of 30–120 minutes, and higher metal concentrations increase adsorption capacity until surface saturation. Chitosan- and activated carbon-based materials achieved efficiencies exceeding 90%. The study highlights the potential of natural adsorbents as sustainable and eco-friendly materials for water treatment
Kajian Material Pelapis Tahan Korosi untuk Komponen Molten Salt Reactor dengan FLiBe Prasetyo Edi Nugroho; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.27067

Abstract

Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) are among the most promising Generation IV nuclear reactor technologies due to their high thermal efficiency and inherent safety. However, their long-term operation is significantly challenged by the severe corrosiveness of molten fluoride salts, particularly FLiBe (Li₂BeF₄), which can degrade structural materials under high-temperature conditions. This study aims to compare the corrosion resistance of four candidate coating materials, namely High-Entropy Alloy (HEA), ODS NiMo–Y₂O₃, silicon carbide (SiC), and pyrolytic carbon (PyC), through a comparative literature review approach. The collected data were evaluated based on corrosion rate, surface morphology evolution, and the protective mechanisms developed at temperatures ranging from 650 to 750 °C. The analysis indicates that SiC and PyC exhibit the highest corrosion resistance, with nearly negligible corrosion rates owing to the formation of chemically inert passive layers. Meanwhile, ODS NiMo–Y₂O₃ demonstrates the best performance among metallic coatings due to the formation of a stable dual protective layer consisting of Cr₂O₃ and YOF. Although HEA provides relatively good corrosion resistance, its performance remains strongly dependent on the redox condition of the molten salt. Overall, the corrosion resistance ranking is determined as SiC ≈ PyC ODS NiMo–Y₂O₃ HEA Hastelloy-N. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of hybrid coating materials with superior chemical stability and thermomechanical durability for structural applications in next-generation molten salt reactor systems.
Inovasi Material Kendali Neutron untuk Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Kajian Literatur Sistematis Boron, Hafnium, dan Kompositnya Febrian Ainun Rahman; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.27039

Abstract

The development of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology demands innovative neutron absorber materials that are efficient, thermomechanically stable, and resistant to long-term irradiation. Boron carbide (B₄C) exhibits a high thermal neutron absorption cross-section, while hafnium (Hf) offers superior structural stability  and does not generate helium gas; however, studies integrating both materials remain limited. The main research gap lies in the lack of a comprehensive analysis comparing and combining the neutronic and thermomechanical characteristics of B–Hf materials for SMR control systems. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on neutron absorber materials based on boron, hafnium, and their composites to identify key parameters affecting neutron absorption efficiency, thermal stability, and irradiation resistance. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method applied to 15 Scopus-indexed journals from 2019–2024, the results indicate that Hf–B₄C composites provide an optimal balance between neutron absorption efficiency (≥90%), thermal conductivity (28–35 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹), and structural stability up to 900 °C, making them a promising candidate for adaptive neutron control systems in next-generation SMRs.
Karakterisasi Ketangguhan Impak Paduan Aluminium–Seng Daur Ulang Hasil Pengecoran Menggunakan Metode Charpy Jagodang Harahap; Indra Mawardi; Sumardi Sumardi; Andi Sudirman; Arya Rudi Nasution
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.31581

Abstract

ABSTRACKThis study aims to evaluate the effect of zinc scrzp additional on the impact toughness of cast aluminum alloys. The composition variations used include 95% aluminum–5% zinc, 85% aluminum–15% zinc, and 70% aluminum–30% zinc. Impact properties were tested using the Charpy method according to ASTM E23 standards, while the fracture surface characteristics were analyzed macroscopically to determine the material failure mechanism. The results showed that increasing zinc scrap content was followed by an increase in the alloy's ability to absorb impact energy. The impact energy values were 1.97 J, 2.24 J, and 3.80 J, respectively, while the impact price increased from 24,625 J/m² to 28,041.7 J/m² and reached 47,500 J/m² at the 70% aluminum–30% zinc composition. Macroscopic observations show that all specimens have brittle fracture characteristics, but differences in alloy compositions cause changes in fracture surface characteristics that correlate with increased impact toughness. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of scrap zinc up to 30% can increase the impact toughness of scrap aluminum alloys from castings, so that they have the potential to be used as an alternative recycled-based material for applications requiring resistance to shock loadsKeywords: Scrap Aluminium, Scap Zinc,Alumnium-Zinc Allow Casting, Charpy Impact
Optimasi Multi-Respon Massa Roller dan Sudut Pulley untuk Peningkatan Karakteristik Daya dan Torsi pada Sistem Transmisi CVT Sepeda Motor Otomatis Khairul Suhada; B Umroh; Butar-Butar Hafidz; Muhammad Idris; Iswandi Iswandi
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.31731

Abstract

The performance of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) system on a small-capacity automatic motorcycle is highly dependent on two adjustable components: roller mass and pulley angle. However, most previous studies have relied on a one-factor-at-a-time approach, adjusting either roller mass or pulley angle separately, thus their combined and interactive effects on engine performance have not been well quantified. This study addresses this gap by simultaneously optimizing roller mass and pulley angle on a 109.5 cc SOHC eSP automatic motorcycle to optimize engine power and torque. A Custom Design-based Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied, and thirteen experimental runs were tested on a dynamometer, with roller masses ranging from 11.4–15.6 g and pulley angles from 12.8°–14.2°. A Two-Factor Interaction (2FI) model was developed and evaluated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Both models are highly significant (p 0.0001), with pulley angle identified as the dominant factor and the interaction (A × B) between roller mass and pulley angle statistically significant for both responses. Numerical optimization based on the desirability function yields an optimal configuration at a roller mass of 11.4 g and a pulley angle of 13.597°, which delivers an engine power of 4.777 W and an engine torque of 7.29 N•m with a desirability of 0.522. This validated predictive model quantifies the roller–pulley interaction and provides practical engineering guidelines for tuning automatic motorcycle CVTs to balance power and torque. 
Penentuan Koefisien Atenuasi Radiasi Gamma pada Bahan Cobalt-60 dengan Menggunakan Material Alternatif Non-Logam Sebagai Shielding. Maritza Arisatya Wijaya; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.28240

Abstract

Gamma radiation emitted by the Cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) isotope is a high-energy ionizing radiation source widely employed in various applications. The gamma photons produced, with energies ranging from 1.17 MeV to 1.33 MeV, possess a high penetrating capability; consequently, the selection of an appropriate shielding material is critical to ensuring radiation safety and protection. Previous experimental studies have largely focused on lead (Pb) as the primary shielding material, which is nevertheless limited by its toxicity and the relatively high cost of its handling and disposal, thereby motivating the search for safer and more economical alternatives. However, systematic comparisons of the shielding effectiveness of several candidate materials against ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation under controlled thickness and testing conditions remain limited. This study therefore aims to determine and compare the Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC) of several selected materials and to evaluate their effectiveness as gamma radiation shields. The method employed involves experimental measurement of radiation intensity using a calibrated detector after transmission through samples of varying material composition; the resulting data are subsequently analyzed using the Beer–Lambert law to calculate the attenuation coefficient of each material.
Komposit Polimer Matriks Tungsten: Tinjauan sebagai Alternatif Timbal untuk Pakaian Pelindung Radiasi Medis Muhammad Rayhan Santosa; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.27065

Abstract

ABSTRACTExposure to ionizing radiation in medical environments particularly from X-ray equipment and radioisotopes—poses health risks to medical personnel. Lead (Pb)-based protective clothing is effective in blocking radiation but has drawbacks such as excessive weight, toxicity, and environmental impact. Therefore, recent research has focused on developing polymer composites with tungsten (W) matrices as lighter and safer alternatives. Based on a review of various studies employing tungsten fillers (W, WO₃, WC, WC-Co) within polymer matrices such as PVA, PDPE, Epoxy, PC, EVA, and PDMS, an increase in filler content has been proven to enhance shielding performance against X-rays and gamma rays. Simulation results indicate that filler concentration has a greater influence than particle size, although nano-sized particles provide advantages under certain conditions. Tungsten-based composites exhibit lightweight, non-toxic, and flexible characteristics. Innovations such as hybrid structures, nano-additives, and advanced fabrication methods (electrospinning, 3D printing) further strengthen the potential of these materials. Therefore, tungsten-based polymer composites are considered strong candidates to replace lead in medical radiation protective clothing, although optimization of filler dispersion, mechanical properties, and production efficiency is still required.  
Analisis Material Kevlar Dengan Coating Polyurea Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Sepatu Pdl Tni Untuk Medan Operasi Militer Di Sugapa, Intan Jaya, Papua Sahirah Princka Riyanti; Sovian Aritonang
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.27062

Abstract

Sugapa District, Intan Jaya Regency, Papua, is a region prone to military conflict, with its highland, hilly topography and extreme climate. Temperatures can reach 9.2°C with high rainfall. These conditions demand robust, durable military equipment that provides maximum protection for Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) personnel engaged in military operations. One such area is Field Service Equipment (PDL) footwear. PDL footwear must meet the criteria for protection, high grip, abrasion resistance, and optimal insulation from temperature and water. However, the current standard TNI PDL footwear does not meet the criteria for the Sugapa theater of operations, Papua. This research was conducted to examine and characterize a Kevlar-based composite material with a polyurea coating as an innovative raw material for TNI PDL footwear. Kevlar is a material that has been proven to be superior anti-ballistic, with a very high tensile strength of approximately 3620 MPa and high resistance to impact and punctures. Furthermore, polyurea, an elastomer with a deformation elongation of 400-500%, is considered an appropriate material for enhancing the waterproof properties and chemical resistance of Kevlar. The research method used a systematic literature review to examine published research data on Kevlar, polyurea, military equipment, and the conditions in Sugapa District, Papua. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative method to address the urgent need for Kevlar-polyurea composite materials. The material analysis results showed that a Kevlar coating with a polyurea layer with a thickness variation of 0.2 mm on the front layer was the most optimal material configuration. This configuration provided the highest Ballistic Velocity Limit (Vbl) of 143.5 m/s, with a 58% increase in protection compared to plain Kevlar (90.8 m/s). Furthermore, the specific energy absorption efficiency also reached the highest value at 51.1 J.m2/g. The front-side coating has proven superior as a buffer layer, effectively absorbing impact energy and altering the fiber failure mode. In addition to the material used, the right outsole design is also crucial for slip control in the wet, muddy Sugapa operating terrain. The lightweight and flexible design demonstrates superior anti-slip performance. The combination of 0.2 mm Kevlar PU composite material with an optimal outsole design creates an effective surgical shoe in the Sugapa operating terrain.
Simulasi Kekuatan Rangka Mesin Pengupas Kulit Luar Buah Pala Bagus Suwandy; Ahmad Marabdi Siregar; Chandra A Siregar
Rekayasa Material, Manufaktur dan Energi Vol 9, No 2: JULI 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMSU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/rmme.v9i2.31747

Abstract

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is one of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities with high economic value in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and spice industries. However, the outer skin peeling process is still predominantly performed manually by small and medium-sized enterprises, resulting in low productivity, inconsistent peeling quality, and high labor intensity. Although several nutmeg peeling machines have been developed, previous studies have mainly focused on functional performance without comprehensive structural evaluation before fabrication. Consequently, the structural reliability of machine frames under operational loading remains insufficiently investigated. This study aims to design a nutmeg outer skin peeling machine capable of simultaneously peeling and separating the fruit skin from the seed while performing a numerical evaluation of the frame structure using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The machine was designed using SolidWorks 2022, followed by a linear static structural analysis employing the Finite Element Method. The simulation considered fixed boundary conditions at the frame supports and static loads of 39.2 N, 68.6 N, and 186.3 N, representing the operational loads acting on the upper frame, middle frame, and motor mounting, respectively. Structural responses were evaluated in terms of Von Mises stress, maximum displacement, and factor of safety. The numerical results showed that the maximum Von Mises stresses were 0.811 MPa, 0.751 MPa, and 5.112 MPa, respectively, while the maximum displacement reached only 1.164 mm. These values remain significantly below the material yield strength of 250 MPa, resulting in a high factor of safety of 48.9, indicating that the frame structure is mechanically safe under static loading conditions. The study demonstrates that the proposed frame design possesses sufficient structural strength and stiffness for nutmeg peeling applications. Nevertheless, the present work is limited to static numerical analysis and does not consider dynamic loading, vibration, fatigue, or weld joint behavior, which should be investigated in future studies..

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