Indonesian Mining Journal
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Articles
264 Documents
EXTRACTION OF RARE EARTH METALS FROM MONAZITE MINERAL USING ACID METHOD
Isyatun Rodliyah;
Siti Rochani;
Tatang Wahyudi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 1 February 2015
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No1.2015.305
There are two types of REE-bearing mineral in Indonesia, namely monazite and xenotime. Those minerals have not been further processed to obtain pure REEs or to obtain its oxides. The objective of this study is to study the performances of the REE extracted from monazite in acid method. The results show that the highest REE-extraction (28.41%) is achieved when the comparison between of sulfuric acid and water (v/v) is 1:2 with leaching temperature 220°C and leaching time 150 minutes. The process employed hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer. Pregnant solution was then precipitated using sodium hydroxide and then was calcined at 900°C for 3 hours to produce RE-oxide. Characteristic of the RE-oxide contains such elements of Ce, Gd, Y, Nd, La, Dy and Sm within 29.10, 1.54, 1.53, 11.53, 14.02, 0.489 and 1.85%, respectively.
THE LAND REHABILITATION OF MINE OUT AREA OF SAND QUARRY IN CIKALAHANG VILLAGE, DUKUH PUNTANG DISTRICT, CIREBON REGENCY
Siti R. Untung
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 2 June 2009
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No2.2009.566
The sand quarry activities in Cikalahang Village, District of Dukuhpuntang, Cirebon Regency had been illegally mined by hundreds of people. The land properties are owned by the Cikalahang Village. Those mine areas are close to the Telaga Remis (Remis Lake) , which is administratively included in the Kuningan Regency. The existence of illegal mining has disturbed both of local government and people community. In the regional government point of view, the illegal mining will not significantly contribute to generate regional income, whilst for many people their mining activities will produce a destruction to the environment. These can be seen from the objection of the people that request the government to stop all of mine activities because of disturbance to environmental condition of the Telaga Remis (Remis Lake) as one of the water resources for the Cirebon Regency. Based on the intensity of the people requirements, the government of Cirebon Regency had decided to close all of activities of the illegal mining in those area in 2006. According to the decision of Cirebon Regent and the Office of Environment, Forestry and Mining Cirebon Regency, it had prepared planning for rehabilitation and restoration to recover the natural and environmen- tal capability in the mined out areas with respect to the regional spatial planning, land utilization and community demand. The intention of study is to analyse the currently condition of environment in those area including people perception and then making further evaluation to obtain the properly environmental pic- tures for determining the real and strategic action. Data resources to support the study were collected through primary and secondary data. The primary data of physical-chemical component can be obtained by taking instantaneous samples of soil and surface water in the area of study. To identify the people perception, some questioners have been spreaded out to the various strata of people in order to obtain their perception and also direct interview will be applied in this study. The secondary data required for this study such as regional spatial planning, regional landuse and regional regulations will be taken from some institutions in Cirebon Regency. Result analyses showed that the soil characteristics in mined out area were poor because of lack of nutrient and high porousity and the water of Telaga Remis and mine out area could be used as fishing cultivation and household water. The final study shows that the mined out area can potentially be developed as tourism resort in accordance with people request. The other consideration this area is adjacent to Telaga Remis with the background of the beautiful panorama of Mount Ciremai.
PREPARATION OF NANO SILICA FROM SILICA SAND THROUGH ALKALI FUSION PROCESS
Agus Wahyudi;
Dessy Amalia;
Sariman Sariman
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.383
Silica (SiO2) materials play an important role for industries, especially those in micron or even nano-scale size. The later has better properties and improves its quality. Nano silica is applied widely in building material, notably as a mixture of concrete. The material is also promising to be developed into amorphous nano silicon for solar cell materials. Indonesia has a lot of silica sand resources and faces a challenge to increase its quality into high product such as nano silica. Synthesizing silica nano through alkali fusion is a process that includes using the particles along with sodium hydroxide at temperature of 400-1100 °C then recrystalizing the molecules to get materials in nano size. The recrystalizing process was conducted by water leaching and filtration. The derived nano particles (gel) ranged between 40-60 nm. TEM characterization showed that the products are homoge- neous, well dispersed and has specific surface area around 157 m2/g.
ANALYSIS OF TERM OF TRADE (TOT) FOR INDONESIA BAUXITE
HARTA HARYADI
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 15, No 3 (2012): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 15 No. 3 October 2012
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol15.No3.2012.450
Indonesia does not have a processing unit for bauxite. As a result all raw materials are exported. In contrast, the alumina is imported to fulfill the domestic need for aluminum industry. In terms of evaluating bauxite export, term of trade (TOT) analysis was conducted. Method used to calculate the TOT is carried out using net barter of TOT formula. The parameter include the export price compared to the import one. If the bauxite price increases and the import price decreases, the TOT is surplus. Contrarily, if the export price decreases and the import price increases, the TOT is deficit. To calculate the ratio of the export volume against the import volume used the grass barter of TOT. The measured parameter is the export volume compared to the import one. If the export volume increases and the import decreases, the TOT is surplus. On the other hand, if the export volume decreases and the import volume increases, the TOT is deficit. In 2003, the net barter of TOT was 0.07 and the grass barter of TOT was 87,874, but in 2010, the net barter of TOT was 0.09 and the grass barter of TOT was 5,809.53. Results of the TOT values indicate that Indonesia was still the exporter of bauxite raw material with an average of export value was lower than that of the import one, although its volume was significant due to the very low price. Indonesian bauxite export value will increase, if the processing unit immediately established
ANALYZING CHEMICAL KINETICS OF COAL GASIFICATION IN MINI GASIFIER REACTOR
M. Ade A. Efendi;
Yenny Sofaety
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19, No 2 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 19 NO. 2 June 2016
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No2.2016.418
Coal gasification is a chemical reaction that has a purpose to change the original solid coal into gaseous compounds. Converting the coal into gaseous compounds will make the combustion process easier and results in increasing combustion efficiency. The sulfur and nitrogen are also easier to be separated in order to obtain cleaner flue gas. This paper presents kinetic analysis of coal gasification reactions in mini gasifier (or known as GasMin in Bahasa) reactor. The results show that the increase of the air-coal ratio (ACR) affected the maximum temperature of the reactor, which means that an increase of the intake air flow rate will increase the amount of oxygen for combustion reaction. Meanwhile, the increase of the team coal ratio (SCR) will increase flow rate of the mixture of air-steam feed. As a result, the ability of coal gasification has also increased. This will increase gasification efficiency around 3-5% which then will also increase the gas yield. The maximum value of SCR was 0.06, further than that of the yield gas and the q- value will slightly decrease. The simulation result showed that the producer gas was dominated by CO with 26.72% mole fraction; H2 with 14.06% mole fraction, and N2 with 47.88% mole fraction. Meanwhile CO2, CH4 and O2 mole fraction were 5%, 0.24%, and 1.20% respectively
PROCESSING OF A NIGERIAN COLUMBITE-RICH ILMENITE ORE FOR IMPROVED INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION BY SULPHURIC ACID SOLUTION
Alafara Abdullahi Baba;
Sunday O. Jacob;
Daud T. Olaoluwa;
Abdulrahman Abubakar;
Adeola O. Womiloju;
Fausat T. Olasinde;
Aishat Y. Abdulkareem
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2018
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No1.2018.674
Due to increasing technological advancements, the demand for pure niobium products emanated from columbite ore processing has led to the wide array of its application in capacitors, nuclear uses, superconducting RF cavities, an electromagnetic radiation detector, medical devices, and aerospace among others. Therefore, this paper focuses on the kinetics of dissolution of a Nigerian Columbite mineral in sulphuric acid solution for improved industrial applications. The effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature and particle size on the ore dissolution rate were examined. Experimental results showed that the ore dissolution increases with increasing acid concentration and temperature and decreases with increasing particle size fraction. With 2 mol/L H2SO4 solution, 60.2% of the ore dissolved within 120 minutes using <90µm particle size at a temperature of 75°C with moderate stirring (300 rpm). The unleached products were analyzed and found to contain siliceous compounds applicable as industrial by-products. The calculated activation energy (Ea) deduced to be 30.3 kJ/mol supported the proposed diffusion reaction mechanism for the first order dissolution process with a collision factor of 0.12 per minute. Hence, the dissolution data obtained in this study is an indication of thermodynamic feasibility for Nigeria Columbite ore fitness in improving science and technology for economic growth and development.
PREDICTION OF MINE DRAINAGE QUALITY BY KINETIC TESTS
LASMARIA SIBARANI;
Retno damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 9, No 3 (2006): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 09 No. 3 October 2006
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol9.No3.2006.640
Kinetic test is one of the methods to predict acid mine drainage. The test shows the acceleration of natural oxidation rate over those observed in the field. This may have the advantage of condensing time, and providing earlier insight into the potential for acid generation. Generally, kinetic test evalu- ates the changes in pH, sulfate, acidity and host of potential metals. However, the test also has high degree uncertainty. To minimize the uncertainty it needs to calibrate and validate the model of kinetic test by comparing prediction model with actual field sampling results. As field data availability for validation is limited, it is strongly suggested that researcher should make a continuous research from the prediction and the actual sampling using many methods.
EFFECT OF OXIDIZING AGENTS IN EXTRACTING GOLD FROM ANODE SLIME
Isyatun Rodliyah;
Nuryadi Saleh;
Ngurah Ardha;
Zaki Mubarok
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.382
Anode slime is a byproduct collected from electro refining copper process. The valuable metals present in the slime are Au, Ag, Pt, Pd and Pb. Yet, the slime has not been processed in Indonesia but sent to another country. Extracting the gold from anode slime had been attempted in the laboratory by applying wet chlorination method. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) served as the oxidizing agents. Effects of various parameters such as solvent concentration, leaching time and temperature on the percent extraction of gold were studied. The optimum recovery of gold with NaOCl is 98.86 % Au at leaching temperature of 40°C, solvent concentration 5 M, NaOCl 5 mL and 20% solid after 120 minutes leaching time. Silver loss under this condition is 2–3%. Leaching the gold by H2O2 provided the highest gold extraction of 99.99% Au at 7M HCl concentration, temperature 60°C, H2O2 0.5 M, leaching time 180 minutes, and 20% solid. The silver loss under this condition is only 0.6%.
CEMENT MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT USED FOR CEMENTING UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION WELL
Miftahul Huda
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21, No 2 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 2, October 2018
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.941
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources developes an underground coal gasification (UCG) technology including its UCG test in a coal mine at Musi Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra. The UCG is safer than the underground mine since there is no worker underground however there is a concern in risk of ground water pollution. One of the mthods to reduce the risk is a proper instalation of well casing and cementing that seal aquifer from contact with UCG product gas. Development of special cement for cementing UCG well is needed due to its high process temperature (up to 1300°C). The objective of this research is to develop a cement material that can withstand high temperatures environtment. Domestically available an oil well cement (OWC) and a castables (CT) were used for the experiments. Single material of OWC is not suitable for cementing UCG well since the OWC compressive strength reduced drastically at heat treatment above 300°C due to decomposistion of portlandite and calcium silicate hydrate. On the other hand, there was a synergistic effect that resulted of higher compressive strength sample if 60% weight of OWC and 40% weight of CT was blended. The absence of portlandite and the presence of inert filler materials in the blend is believed to improve thermal and mechanical properties of the blend.
STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION OF UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION PROJECT: A LITERATURE STUDY AND FIELD SURVEY
Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21, No 2 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 2, October 2018
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DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.972
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a procedure to extract synthesis gas (syngas) from the insitu underground coal seams that could not be extracted by conventional mining methods. This is a clean technology as an alternative method for direct insitu coal conversion. This process involves some heavy equipment and complex operation. Hazards identification and risk assessment in the UCG Project involve identifying the environmental hazards that cover physical, chemical and biological environments to predict the process sequences, its frequency as well as consequences that lead to those hazards. The assignment of risk level is also conducted to design corrective action in minimizing the risk or eliminating the hazards. The environmental condition of the project plan is generally good with the fulfillment of the established environmental quality standards.