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Indonesian Mining Journal

imj
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Published by PUSLITBANG Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara

ISSN : 08549931 EISSN : 25278797 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science

This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 264 Documents

15 16 17 18 19

ALTERATION OF MONTMORILLONITE CLAY TO SOLID ACID CATALYST BY HEATING AND ACID SOAKING DESSY AMALIA; MUCHTAR AZIZ; Stefanus S. Cahyono; Isyatun Rodliyah
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 3 October 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Commercial biodiesel production nowadays still uses sodium hydroxide solution as homogenous catalyst. This catalyst has some weaknesses, which cannot be reused and difficult on its separation from the product (methyl esther). Therefore, alternative catalyst is necessary to be sought to solve the problem and solid catalyst from clay has a possibility to be applied. Montmorilonite clay is widespread mineral in Indonesia and its layer structure is potential to be used as solid catalyst. The alteration processes consist of upgrading montmorillonite content followed by activation and esterification to review its performance. Previous activa- tion was carried out using aqueous sulphuric acid of 0.05; 0.5; 5 and 10 M and settled in each solution for two weeks. To obtain shorten activation time, modified method has been done with similar acid strength range but using preheating 60°C for 6 hours and settled within a week. Clay’s performance was observed by esterification reaction using Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) of fried oil production waste as raw material. Its initial and final acid number were then reviewed. The conversion of PFAD to esther was measured from deviation of initial of final acid number. Previous method’s result of 2 weeks settlement showed maximum conversion of 91.6% at 5M acid strength of activation, while modified method reached maximum conversion only 67.63% at similar acid strength of activation. Both results were not yet resemble the 5M sulphuric acid solution as homogenous catalyst which is able to convert PFAD to esther as much as 98.73%. However, the method of 2 weeks settlement could be developed further to gain the optimum conversion.

MAKING OF IRON NUGGET FROM CONCENTRATED IRON SAND USING MINI-SIZED ROTARY KILN Nuryadi Saleh; Siti Rochani; Hasudungan Eric Mamby
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 20, No 1 (2017): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 20 NO. 1 April 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

The availability of energy becomes a major problem in the construction of iron mineral-based smelter to produce ferrous metals in the form of pig iron. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the Krupp-Renn technology that based on coal as a reducing agent to produce pig iron in the form of nuggets. Such a technology employs a rotary kiln that consumes less energy than other furnaces. In this study, reduction process of iron sand concentrates with coal as the reductant was accomplished in a mini-sized rotary kiln (0.6 m diameter and 6 m length). The process of iron nugget making from iron sand concentrate was conducted in two (2) stages, namely oxidation and reduction processes. The former was accomplished at a temperature above 800°C for 2 (two) hours to produce hematite phase. While the later was carried out at 1250-1300°C for 6-8 hours. Both processes produced iron nuggets that contained more than 90% Fe. The highest Fe content reached 96.49% Fe. Such a nugget could meet the requirement for steel making.

DEVELOPMENT OF ALLOTHERMAL GASIFICATION BY A DUAL FLUIDIZED BED TECHNOLOGY Dahlia Diniyati; Nurhadi Nurhadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17, No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Allothermal gasification is a gasification process which separates oxidation process and other processes. So that, synthesis gas (syngas) could be produced from gasification with air as gasification agent. The main feature of allothermal gasification is how to transfer the heat of oxidation reaction to supply heat required for drying, pyrolysis and reduction processes. One of the techniques is to circulate bed material using a dual fluidized bed. Pressure loop and syngas composition resulted from gasification test is discussed. Pressure loop data of the Process Development Unit (PDU) facility showed a stable condition and resulted a continous circulation of the bed material. Therefore, heat transfer of oxidation reaction into a gasifier proceeded in a continous and stable way. A good heat transfer of the heat of oxidation reaction resulted a good quality of syngas where the composi- tion of H2 was close to 50% and the ratio of H2/CO was >2% which is suitable for chemical feedstock

BENEFICIATION OF SAMBIROTO SILICA SAND BY CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL LEACHINGS Suratman Suratman; Sri Handayani
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17, No 3 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 3 OCTOBER 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

The commercial value of silica sand significantly affected by the presence and content of iron, aluminium and other metal impurities that can have detrimental effects on the manufactured product. A leaching technology on Sambiroto silica sand had been studied using chemical (HCl and H2SO4) and biological (Aspergillus niger’s metabolite) methods to remove undesired metal impurities and obtain a high purity silica. The rates and extent of chemical leaching and bioleaching were different depending on the leaching agents used and their concen- trations. The results showed that the laboratory experiments improved the silica sand sample to a high grade purity. The major and minor impurities of Fe, Al, Ca, Cr, Ti, Zr and Cu were reduced significantly by acid leaching with HCl and H2SO4 4M at 90°C, 30% pulp density for 4-hours process. The chemical composition of the silica sand improved with the SiO2 content increased from 97.24 to 98.77%, on the other hand, the sum of impurities decreased from 1.148 to 0.237 %. These changes bring the beneficiated product very close to a feedstock of metallurgical grade silicon for advanced materials. Among the tested methods, chemical leaching is the most efficient in terms of both increasing percentage of SiO2 and metal impurities removal compared to biological leaching. Nevertheless, bioleaching process is sufficient to produce silica sand with a desired minimum value of Fe and Al contents for high quality glass industries. Both process characteristics could facilitate their industrial applications.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANT IN INDONESIA USING BROWN COAL LIQUEFACTION (BCL) TECHNOLOGY MIFTAHUL HUDA; Granit Agustina; NINING S. Ningrum; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 1 February 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Financial analysis of Mulia coal liquefaction plant has been conducted in the year 2002 and up dated in the year 2007. However, the increase of coal price, currently, has promoted coal companies to export their coal rather than to allocate it as raw material for coal liquefaction. To maintain the stability of coal supply in a liquefaction plant, the use of stranded mining coal as raw material for the plant should be studied. This study was aimed to conduct financial analysis of stranded coal from South Sumatera (Pendopo Coal) and to update the financial analysis of Mulia coal liquefaction. Discounted cash flow was used as the method for the analysis. The result indicates that with the oil price higher than US$ 70/bbl and coal price below US$ 25/ton, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of Pendopo coal liquefaction plant achieved value higher than 10%. Reducing corporate tax from 30% to 15% in- creased IRR value of approximately 1%. Meanwhile, by enlarging the plant scale from 3,000t/d to 12,000 t/d will increase the IRR value as much as 5%. On the other hand, the IRR of Mulia coal liquefaction plant was less than 9% when the oil price was lower than US$ 70/bbl and coal price was above US$ 55/ton.

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION FROM BRIQUETTE-BURNING STOVES SELINAWATI T.D. SELINAWATI; Retno damayanti; HERNI KHAERUNISA
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2006): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 09 No. 1 February 2006
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Recently, the use of coal briquette has already been socialized to substitute the role of oil and firewood in the household and small industries. In general the use of coal briquette burning stoves for household and small industries purposes is often conducted indoors, with inadequate ventilation. Yet knowledge of emissions from coal briquette burning stoves and how to evaluate emission and expo- sure levels are very limited and need to be developed. Study of indoor air pollution was undertaken to evaluate SO2, CO and NOx concentrations and its exposure potentials coming from the utilization of coal briquette for household and small industries purposes. Its results were compared to the charcoal burning process. To estimate the indoor concentration and exposure potential, the single-compart- ment mass balance model was used. Results show that the total amounts of hourly emitted SO2, CO and NOx for 1 kg coal briquette burning vary from 5.32-14.71 mg kg-1; 2.76-12.54 mg kg-1 and 112- 288 mg kg-1, respectively. While those emitted from charcoal burning are 0 mg kg-1, 6.79 mg kg-1 and 201 mg kg-1. The air exchange rate gives an effect to concentration level, peak indoor concentration and duration after the burning process. The hourly average concentrations of SO2, CO and NOx in the unventilated room are 22, 42 and 10 times, respectively higher than the used standards. While for charcoal burning, those were 0, 17 and 6 times, respectively.

UTILIZATION OF COAL ACTIVATED CARBON AS ADSORBENT AMMONIUM WITH THE HIGH CONCENTRATION Ika Monika; Suganal Suganal; Fahmi Sulistyohadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18, No 3 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 3 October 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Ammonium adsorption process carried out by batch system, with making 208-233 mg/L concentration of am- monium solution. In the adsorption batch systems, particle size of activated carbon -8 + 12 mesh and -16 + 20 mesh was added into 200 ml ammonium solution with the weight of 20, 40, 60 and 80 g, and a contact time respectively 30, 60, 120, 180 and 1440 minutes (24 hours). During the adsorption, stirring to optimize adsorp- tion is conducted regularly. The activated carbon used in this research consist of two types are coal based activated carbon and coconut shell activated carbon. Coal activated carbon has a surface area 196.7 m2/g and 643.0 m2/g. While coconut shell activated carbon has a surface area of 59.6 m2/g and 985.9 m2/g. Results of the adsorption process showed that coal activated carbon with a surface area of 643, 0 m2/g have the same capability ammonium adsorption with coconut shell activated carbon with a surface area of 985.9 m2/g. These results showed that a both types of activated carbon can be used optimally for the removal ammonium with percentage of adsorption reaches more than 90%.

PREPARATION OF MESO POROUS SILICA FROM BENTONITE BY ULTRAFINE GRINDING AND SELECTIVE LEACHING Agus wahyudi; SARIMAN SARIMAN; SITI ROCHANI
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 1 February 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Preparation of meso porous silica from bentonite had been conducted by ultrafine grinding and leaching. The bentonite was taken from Nanggung, Bogor, West Java; it contains montmorillonite with porous struc- ture. The ultrafine grinding was carried out using planetary ball mill (PBM) in wet condition (wet milling) in methanol. Optimum milling time was reached in 30 hours and it produced 77.4 nm of particle size. The process was continued with selective leaching in sulphuric acid solution to increase the amount of SiO2 from 54.13% to 86.21%, which decreased Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content gradually from 23.09% and 7.33% to 4.96% and 0.89% respectively. The leaching process produced porous silica material with pore size 6.5 nm (meso porous); 278 m2/g of surface area and 0.75 mL/g of pore volume.

THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF RESEARCH-BASED INDONESIAN COAL UTILIZATION Ukar Wijaya Soelistijo; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 1 February 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Efforts of Indonesian Government in diversifying the available fuels from domestic coal in the forms of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels open the pissibility to overcome the depleted domestic oil reserves. Within the coming few years, Indonesia will be a net oil consumer after being the net oil importer in 2003. In the last forty years, Indonesian energy consumption was heavily depended on oil fuel. To meet the increase domestic energy demand, a large quantity of domestic coal reserves should be diversified into briquette, synthetic oil and gas as well as other non-fuel or chemical products. All these diversified products are expected to be economically competitive as well as environmental friendly using clean coal technology. This article is an evaluation on study results compilation of Indonesian coal utilization and diversification in the last 15 years

LEACHING THE LEAD FROM ANODE SLIME BY AMMONIUM ACETATE SOLUTION Isyatun Rodliyah; Ngurah Ardha; Nuryadi Saleh; M. Zaki Mubarok
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 14, No 3 (2011): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 14 No. 3 October 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Selective leaching the lead from anode slime from PT. Smelting (PTS) was investigated. The presence of large amount of lead in electrometallurgical anode slime courses of extraction of precious metals (Au, Ag) and other valuable metals (Bi, Se, Te, Pt and Pd) from the slime is more difficult. A process for taking off lead content in anode slime was subjecting the latter to first and second-stage leaching in a medium of an ammonium acetate solution at temperature not exceeding 80°C. Whereby lead dissolution is maximized and other metals are minimized. The effects of various parameters such as solvent concentration, leaching time, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio on the percent extraction of lead were studied. The highest recovery of lead is attained 94.9% Pb at the leaching temperature of 70°C, solvent concentration of 8 M and percent solid 20% after 120 minutes of leaching time. The leaching kinetics of lead sulfate in an ammonium acetate solution followed the ash diffusion control model and this further confirms that the activation energy of leaching is found to be 4.8 kcal/mol, to show that rate reaction can increased by mixing.

Page 17 of 27 | Total Record : 264

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Contact Name
Bachtiar Efendi

Contact Email
bachtaireaje@gmail.com

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
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Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

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