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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 14 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 1 (2015)" : 14 Documents clear

Theoretical Study on Structure and Electronic Properties of 4H-Cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b’]dithiopene S-oxide and Its CCl2 and CF2 Bridged Derivatives Banjo Semire; Olusegun Ayobami Odunola
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quantum chemical calculations using semi-empirical, ab initio, density functional theory (DFT) and Møller plesset (MP2) methods were performed on 4H-Cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b’]dithiopene S-oxide derivatives (i.e. bridged dithiophene S-oxides, BTOs). The geometries, stabilities, electronic and thermodynamic properties of the compounds were studied. The thermodynamic parameters calculated at PM3 were in good agreement with those calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The band gap energies calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level for the BTOs were lower than the un-substituted trithiophene but higher than 4H-Cyclopenta[2,1-b,3;4-b’]dithiopene. The absorption λmax calculated using TD-DFT was shifted to longer wavelength by successive replacement of methylene hydrogens of BTO by chlorine and fluorine atoms.

Condensation of Indole with Isatin over AlCl3/Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Tri Esti Purbaningtias; Didik Prasetyoko; Hasliza Bahruji; Yusuf Muhammad Zein; Sugeng Triwahyono; Arief Fadlan; Imroatul Qoniah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Aluminium chloride immobilized on mesoporous aluminosilicate was investigated as catalysts in the condensation of isatin with indole. AlCl3/mesoporous aluminosilicate (AlCl3/AM) catalysts were prepared by impregnation of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt% AlCl3 on the surface of mesoporous aluminosilicate. A maximum conversion of isatin was achieved using 15% AlCl3/AM catalyst whereas the highest selectivity of 68.97% towards trisindoline was obtained using pure AM. The activity of the catalysts was depended on their acid site number and surface area. The number of Brønsted acid and the surface area affected to the conversion of isatin while the total acidity and the number of Lewis acid influenced the selectivity.

Glucose Oxidase Immobilization on TMAH-Modified Bentonite Ruth Chrisnasari; Zerlina Gabriela Wuisan; Arief Budhyantoro; Restu Kartiko Widi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The influence of bentonite modification by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) on its capability to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOX) was studied. Modification of bentonite was conducted by the adding of 0-5% (v/v) TMAH. The observed results show that the different concentrations of TMAH affect the percentage of immobilized enzyme. The results of this study show that the best concentration of TMAH is 5% (v/v) which can immobilize up to 84.71% of GOX. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies have been carried out to observe the structural changes in bentonite due to TMAH modification. The obtained immobilized GOX show the optimum catalytic activity on reaction temperature of 40-50 °C and pH of 7. The immobilized GOX kinetics at the optimum conditions determined the Km and Vmax value to be 4.96x10-2 mM and 4.99x10-3 mM.min-1 respectively. In addition, the immobilized GOX on TMAH-modified bentonite is stable enough so it could be re-used six times before its activity decreased by 39.44%.

Effect of Various Solvent on the Synthesis of NiO Nanopowders by Simple Sol-Gel Methods and Its Characterization Sherly Kasuma Warda Ningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) with various solvents by simple sol-gel process has been done. NiO nanopowders were obtained by using nickel nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide 5 M were used as precursor and agent precipitator, respectively. The addition of various solvents that used in this research were aquadest, methanol and isopropanol. The powders were formed by drying in the temperature of 100-110 °C for 1 h and after heating at ±450 °C for 1 h. The products were obtained black powders. The products were characterized by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The ED-XRF pattern show that composition of NiO produced was 96.9%. The XRD patterns showed NiO forms were in monoclinic structure with aquadest solvent and cubic structure with methanol and isopropanol used. Crystal sizes of NiO particles produced with aquadest, methanol, isopropanol were obtained in the range 37.05; 72.16; 66.04 nm respectively. SEM micrograph clearly showed that powder had a spherical shape with uniform distribution size is 0.1-1.0 µm approximately.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan- Alginate for Controlled Release of Isoniazid Drug Sari Edi Cahyaningrum; Nuniek Herdyastuti; Nur Qomariah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of this research was to synthesize and characterize chitosan-calcium alginate as matrix isoniazid encapsulation to produce controlled release isoniazid drug. The microparticles were evaluated for surface morphology, functional groups, size particles, drug content and swelling index. The drug release kinetic was investigated at gastric and intestinal artificial pH. The results showed that isoniazid-calcium alginate-chitosan has majority particle diameter of 1001-1500 nm. The release mechanism of isoniazid was through combination of erosion and diffusion.

Transformation of Eugenol and Safrole into Hydroxychavicol Budi Arifin; Dumas Flis Tang; Suminar Setiati Achmadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydroxychavicol is found in betel leaf at low concentration and is reported to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimutagenic activities. This study aimed to synthesize hydroxychavicol from eugenol and safrole. Isolation of eugenol from clove oil by alkaline extraction method gave 71% yield, while the isolation of safrole from lawang oil by alkaline extraction method, followed by purification using preparative thin layer chromatography, gave 7% yield. Eugenol demethylation and safrole demethylenation with AlCl3 reagent were successfully produced hydroxychavicol. The yields were 28% and 24%, respectively. Mechanisms of the synthesis are proposed in this article.

QSAR Analysis of Benzothiazole Derivatives of Antimalarial Compounds Based On AM1 Semi-Empirical Method Ruslin Hadanu; Salim Idris; I Wayan Sutapa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quantitative Structure and Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of 13 benzothiazoles derivatives compound as antimalarial compounds have been performed using electronic descriptor of the atomic net charges (q), dipole moment (μ), ELUMO, EHOMO and polarizability (α). The electronic structures as descriptors were calculated through HyperChem for Windows 7.0 using AM1 semi-empirical method. The descriptors were obtained through molecules modeling to get the most stable structure after geometry optimization step. The antimalarial activity (IC50) were taken from literature. The best model of QSAR model was determined by multiple linear regression approach and giving equation of QSAR: Log IC50 = 23.527 + 4.024 (qC4) + 273.416 (qC5) + 141.663 (qC6) – 0.567 (ELUMO) – 3.878 (EHOMO)– 2.096 (α). The equation was significant on the 95% level with statistical parameters: n = 13, r = 0.994, r2 = 0.987, SE = 0.094, Fcalc/Ftable = 11.212, and gave the PRESS = 0.348. Its means that there were only a relatively few deviations between the experimental and theoretical data of antimalarial activity.

Synthesis of Mn(II)-Loaded TixSi1-xO4 Composite Acting as a Visible-Light Driven Photocatalyst Misriyani Misriyani; Eko Sri Kunarti; Masahide Yasuda
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis and characterization of Mn-loaded TixSi1-xO4 (x= 0.4-0.8) composites and a preliminary study of an activity testing their ability to work as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) have been studied. Synthesis was conducted by the sol-gel method at room temperature using tetraethyl orthosilicate, titanium tetraisopropoxide, and manganese(II) chloride as precursors followed by thermal treatment at 500 °C. The characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectrometry, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry and a surface area analyzer. The photocatalytic activity test of composites for degradation of MB was carried out in a closed reactor equipped with UV and visible lights. In this test, the effects of ratio of Ti/Si composites, Mn2+ ion concentration, pH, and time of irradiation on the effectiveness of photodegradation of MB were studied. The results indicated that Mn-Ti0.6Si0.4O4 composite could be synthesized through the sol-gel method followed by thermal treatment with a molar ratio of Ti/Si=60/40 and the optimum concentration of manganese was 2.5 wt%. The Mn-Ti0.6Si0.4O4 composite significantly increased the photodegradation of MB at pH 10, with a percent degradation of 84.41% for 30 min under irradiation of visible light. The percent degradation of Ti0.6Si0.4O4 was only 18.23% under irradiation of visible light.

Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Pyridoxine, Nicotinamide, and Caffeine in Energy Drinks Using Thin Layer Chromatography-Densitometry Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto; RR. Endang Lukitaningsih; Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Food supplement which contains vitamins and stimulants such as caffeine were classified as energy drink. TLC-densitometry method was chosen to determine the pyridoxine, nicotinamide, and caffeine in the energy drink sample. TLC plates of silica gel 60 F254 was used as the stationary phase and methanol : ethyl acetate : ammonia 25% (134:77:10) was used as the mobile phase. The correlation coefficient for each pyridoxine, nicotinamide, and caffeine were 0.9982, 0.9997, and 0.9966, respectively. Detection and quantitation limits of from the three analytes were 4.05 and 13.51 µg/mL; 13.15 and 43.83 µg/mL; 5.43 and 18.11 µg/mL, respectively. The recovery of pyridoxine, nicotinamide, and caffeine were within the required limit range of 95-105%. The percent of RSD were below the limit value of 5.7% for caffeine and nicotinamide and 8% for pyridoxine. The content amount of pyridoxine in the sample 1 and 2 were 33.59 ± 0.981 and 30.29 ± 2.061 µg/mL, respectively. The content amount of nicotinamide in the sample 1 and 2 were 106.53 ± 3.521 and 98.20 ± 3.648 µg/mL, respectively. The content amount of caffeine in the sample 1 and 2 were 249.50 ± 5.080 and 252.80 ± 2.640 µg/mL, respectively. Robustness test results showed that the most optimal method conditions should be applied for the analysis.

Synthesis Methyl Nitrophenyl Acrylate and Cytotoxic Activity Test against P388 Leukemia Cells Teni Ernawati; Zulfa Khoirunni’mah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of methyl nitrophenyl acrylate via modification of methyl trans-cinnamate had been done to improve its biological activity. The reaction of methyl trans-cinnamate with nitrating agent gave methyl 3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate and methyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylate with an ortho/para ratio of 1:8. Its structure was confirmed with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, GC-MS. Biological activity of methyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylate and methyl 3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate assays was performed on Cancer cells against P388 Murine Leukemia with IC50= 7.98 μg/mL, IC50 = 27.78 μg/mL.

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