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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 25 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 3 (2018)" : 25 Documents clear

Optimization and Validation of an HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Benzoic Acid and Sorbic Acid in Yogurt and Dried-Yogurt Products Using a Design of Experiment Ala Yahya Sirhan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A method for the determination and analysis of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in yogurt and dried-yogurt products has been developed. This method was based on the use of a simple solid-liquid extraction method, followed by the high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC–UV), enhanced with the aid of response surface methodology and design of experiment (DOE). The method excludes the use of complicated procedures, time-consuming and labor-intensive pre-treatment processes. Separation of the benzoic acid and sorbic acid with higher selectivity and sensitivity, and within reasonable retention time was performed by using an isocratic mobile phase of acetate buffer (pH 5.6)-methanol 60:40 at a column temperature of 25 °C. Optimization of sample preparation and analytical conditions gave recoveries in the range of 81 to 111% at spike levels of 2–20 mg/L and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) was lower than 9% in all cases. The intra-day precision and inter-day precision results were in the range of 8.4–8.5% and 10.4–11.0%. Additionally, the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.66 and 0.51 mg/L and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 1.3 and 1.0 mg/L for benzoic acid and sorbic acid, respectively.

Simultaneous Analysis of 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Methylmercaptopurine, and 6-Thioguanosine-5’-monophosphate in Dried Blood Spot Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Supandi Supandi; Yahdiana Harahap; Harmita Harmita; Rizka Andalusia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

6-Mercaptopurine is a chemotherapeutic agent of the antimetabolite class. This study aims to analyze simultaneous validation of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP), and 6-thioguanosine-5’-monophosphate (6-TGMP) in dried blood spot (DBS) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). An accurate volume of 60 μL blood was spotted onto DBS-CAMAG paper and then extracted using methanol 90% (v/v) containing an internal standard of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Separation was performed using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH AMIDA column 1.7 μm (2.1 x 100 mm) with a mobile phase mixture of 0.2% (v/v) formic acid in water−0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile-methanol with gradient elution and flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass detection was done using Waters Xevo TQD with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) for 6-MP, 6-MMP, 6-TGMP and negative ESI for 5-FU, in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Detection rates of 6-MP, 6-MMP, 6-TGMP and 5-FU were m/z 153.09 > 119.09; 167.17 > 126.03; 380.16 > 168.00); 129.09 > 42.05, respectively. This method is linear across the range 25.5–1020 ng/mL for 6-MP, 6-MMP and 6-TGMP. This method is valid for the in vitro simultaneous analysis of 6-MP, 6-MMP and 6-TGMP in DBS, based on European Medicine Agency guidelines.

Analytical Method Validation and Determination of Free Drug Content of 4-n-Butylresorcinol in Complex Lipid Nanoparticles Using RP-HPLC Method Rini Dwiastuti; Marchaban Marchaban; Enade Perdana Istyastono; Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lipid nanoparticles, one of nanoparticle technology results has been developed both as a drug delivery system and as a research object. Complex lipid nanoparticle, in the drug delivery system development, has an advantage due to its less toxicity. It is important to develop a validated analytical method to determine the drug content in the system of nanoparticle lipid. This research aimed to develop a valid RP-HPLC method to determine free drug content of 4-n-butylresorcinol in the liposome matrix followed by the determination of the encapsulation efficiency (EE%). A system of the RP-HPLC method has been developed using a column of C18 and methanol-redistilled water-glacial acetic acid 79:20:1 (v/v) as the mobile phase with pH maintained at 2.1–2.6. This method was validated in the parameters of selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision. During 30 days of storage, the complex lipid nanoparticle system showed the increase in the EE% value during storage time.

Isolation, Cellulase Activity Test and Molecular Identification of Selected Cellulolytic Bacteria Indigenous Rice Bran Akyunul Jannah; Aulanni`am Aulanni`am; Tri Ardyati; Suharjono Suharjono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Rice bran is the waste product of rice milling which is abundant in Indonesia, it can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of bioethanol by fermentation. Before being fermented, rice bran must be hydrolyzed into glucose by biomass degrading. This study was aimed to isolate indigenous cellulolytic bacteria from rice bran as producer of cellulolytic enzymes and resulted in 22 bacterial isolates that demonstrated cellulolytic activity being identified. Among them, BE 8 and BE 14 isolates showed the highest endoglucanase activity at 2.16 and 1.31 U/mL respectively. Identification of the 16S rDNA showed that BE 8 belongs to Bacillus subtilis and BE 14 in Bacillus cereus.

Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode Based on Thin Film of Arabic Gum Membrane Sagir Alva; Aiman Sajidah binti Abdul Aziz; Mohd Ismahadi bin Syono; Wan Adil bin Wan Jamil
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Ag/AgCl reference electrode based on the Arabic Gum (AG) hydrogel films was successfully developed. The Arabic Gum concentration used in this study was 10–40% (w/v) with an optimum concentration of 20% (w/v). In this study, reference electrode performance testing is based on DmV response of Cl-ion’s measurements, stability tests and performance testing against ISE sensors such as K+, NH4+, and NO3-. The Ag/AgCl based reference electrode of the Arabic Gum film shows an average DmV of 4.0 ± 0.7 mV when response test is performed against a standard Ag/AgCl double junction electrode in various concentrations of Cl-ion’s. Meanwhile, in stability testing conducted in a 0.01 M KCl solution for 72 h found drift of < 0.6 mV/h. The reference performance test of the Arabic Gum reference electrode with three types of ISE NH4+, K+ and NO3- commercial sensors obtaining a slope closer to the Nernst value is 54.9 ± 0.9, 52.3 ± 0.5 and -53.2 ± 0.2 mV/dec with all having a linear distance of 0.1–10-5 M.

Modified Silica Adsorbent from Volcanic Ash for Cr(VI) Anionic Removal Endang Tri Wahyuni; Roto Roto; Firda Ainun Nissa; Mudasir Mudasir; Nurul Hidayat Aprilita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In the present research, cetyltrymethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified silica from Kelud’s volcanic ash has been prepared and examined as adsorbent for removal of the hazardous Cr(VI) anion. The research was initiated with purification of SiO2 from the volcanic ash that was carried out by reacting the volcanic ash with NaOH powder at 900 °C for 2 h, followed by dissolving the ash to water at 100 °C, and then was acidified with HCl 1 M to form hydrogel. By calcination of the hydrogel, silica (SiO2) gel was obtained. The next step was modification of the silica with CTAB, that was performed by interacting the CTAB solution with the gel, in which the concentration of the CTAB was varied. Then the CTAB-modified silica samples were characterized by using FTIR, XRD, and SEM machines. The activity of the adsorbent was examined for adsorption of CrO4= in the solution. The results of the research demonstrate that the amorphous silica gel and the amorphous CTAB-modified silica have been obtained. The CTAB-modified silica was found to possess much higher ability in the adsorption of CrO4= anion, that was 48.90 mg/g, compared to that of the unmodified silica gel, as much 5.68 mg/g. These findings strongly prove that the negative surface of the CTAB-modified silica adsorbent has been successfully formed. Furthermore, it is also observed that increasing concentration of CTAB in SiO2-CTA can promote more effective adsorption of the CrO4= from the solution, but the further enlargement of the CTAB concentration leads to the adsorption decreased, and the highest adsorption was shown by CTAB-modified silica prepared with 0.10 mole of CTAB/1 mole SiO2.

Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Biosurfactants Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Corn Oil as Substrate Venty Suryanti; Sri Hastuti; Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih; Mudasir Mudasir; Dian Kresnadipayana; Inge Wiratna
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The batch removal of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from individual heavy metal ion aqueous synthetic solution using biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with corn oil as substrate was investigated. The metal ion removal process of crude preparation biosurfactants (CPB) was established to be dependent on the initial pH and contact time. The optimum metal removal was observed at pH 6.0 of the initial metal solution and 10 min of contact time. The affinity sequence for metal ion removal was Pb(II)>Cd(II)>Cu(II). The removal capacity value of biosurfactant for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from single metal ions solution were 0.169, 0.276 and 0.323 mg/g, respectively. The removal capacity value of biosurfactant for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from multi metal ions solution were 0.064, 0.215 and 0.275 mg/g, respectively. The removal capacity of individual metal ion was diminished by the presence of other metal ions in multi metal ions from synthetic aqueous solution. The removal capacity value of biosurfactant for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from silver industry wastewater were 0.027, 0.055 and 0.291 mg/g, respectively. The results indicated that biosurfactants have potential to be used in the remediation of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin-Based Polyurethane as a Potential Compatibilizer Salma Ilmiati; Jana Hafiza; Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah; Elvi Kustiyah; Mochamad Chalid
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymer on earth. It has polar and non-polar side due to its hyperbranched structure, but the polarity of lignin has a higher tendency than non-polarity. Lignin has potential to be compatibilizer if the portion of non-polar can be increased. This research is focused on investigate the synthesis of lignin-based polyurethane to enhance the portion of non-polarity in lignin. Lignin-based polyurethane was prepared by reacting variation 4,4'-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), then lignin was added to the reaction. In this study, the structure of lignin-based polyurethane was confirmed by NMR and FTIR. NMR and FTIR showed that lignin successfully grafted. NMR, also used to investigate the variation molar mass of PEG and isocyanate contents effects to polarity of lignin-based polyurethane. The polarity of lignin-based polyurethane decrease as the composition of HMDI and molecular weight of PEG increase. This result also occurs on the sessile drop test that used to determine surface tension of lignin-based polyurethane. The thermal properties of lignin-based polyurethane also investigate using STA. Based on STA, enhancement of composition of HMDI and PEG increase thermal degradation and resistance of lignin-based polyurethane.

Improvement in vitro Dissolution Rate of Quercetin Using Cocrystallization of Quercetin-Malonic Acid Dwi Setyawan; Sukma Adhi Permata; Ahmad Zainul; Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of the study was to improve the in-vitro dissolution rate of quercetin (Qu) using cocrystallization of quercetin. Cocrystals of quercetin (Co Qu) were produced with malonic acid (Ma) as coformer at ratio 1:2 using solvent evaporation method. Cocrystals quercetin-malonic acid (Co Qu-Ma) was characterized using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and in-vitro dissolution study. A new endothermic peak at 277.9 °C was shown from the thermogram. Diffractogram of Co Qu-Ma showed a new diffraction peak at 2θ 9.81, 12.99, and 19.80°. Microphotograph showed that Qu and Ma exhibited a columnar-shaped and a pebble-shaped crystal, respectively, and FTIR wavenumber of O-H functional group of quercetin was shifted from its original position at 3411 to 3428 cm-1 in the physical mixture (pm) of Qu-Ma and 3418 cm-1 in Co Qu-Ma, respectively. The physicochemical characterizations using DTA, PXRD, SEM and FTIR indicated that Co Qu-Ma were successfully obtained through solvent evaporation method. The in-vitro dissolution rate of Co Qu-Ma was 95.30% at 60 min. Cocrystals effectively increased dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency in comparison to the pure quercetin and physical mixture of quercetin-malonic acid.

Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Polymer of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Glutaraldehyde/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation and Characterization Fitri Khoerunnisa; Hendrawan Hendrawan; Yaya Sonjaya; Rizki Deli Hasanah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Electrically conductive nanocomposites polymer of poly(vinyl alcohol)/PVA, glutaraldehyde (GA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been successfully synthesized. The polymer nanocomposites were prepared by mixing PVA, GA (crosslinker), and MWCNT dispersion with an aid of ultrasonic homogenizer at 50 °C. The content of MWCNT, in particular, was varied in order to determine the effect of MWCNT on electrical conductivity of polymer composites. The polymer mixture was casted into a disc to obtain thin film. The electrical conductivity, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of the composites film were investigated by means of four probes method, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM, AFM, and tensile strength measurement, respectively. It was found that the optimum composition of PVA (10%): GA (1%): MWCNT (1%) was 20:20:3 in volume ratio. The addition of MWCNT induced the electrically conductive network on polymer matrix where the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites film significantly increased up to 8.28 x 10-2 S/sq due to reduction of the contact resistance between conductive filler. Additionally, the mechanical strength of nanocomposites polymer were significantly increased as a result of MWCNT addition. Modification of morphological structure of composite film as indicated by FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, SEM, and AFM images verified the effective MWCNT filler network in the polymer matrix.

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