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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 23 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 3 (2005)" : 23 Documents clear

A THERMOPHILIC MICROBE PRODUCING DEXTRANASE FROM HEATED SUGAR CANE Afaf Baktir; Zumrotul Koiriyah; Ali Rohman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A thermophilic aerobe microorganism designated NP4, was isolated from the heated sugar cane. It grew on dextran, and produced a thermoactive extracellular dextranase. Screening and isolation was done by assay of dextranase activity semi quantitatively on solid medium containing blue dextran. It provided several colonies with different morphology exhibited decolourized zones around, on culture plates containing blue dextran 2000R. The screening resulted in isolation of one microbe which efficiently assimilate dextran as carbon source. Dextranase production from the choised strain in liquid medium was conducted at room temperature for 8 hours with shaking speed of 125 rpm. The dextranase enzyme showed optimum pH of 8 and optimum temperature of 60 oC.

CRYSTALLIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHROMIUM-CONTAINING SILICALITE-1 Hari Sutrisno; Endang Dwi Siswani; Susila Kristianingrum; Suharto Suharto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Chromium-containing silicalite-1, designed CrS-1, was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD and FTIR techniques. The objectives of the research are to study the synthesis of CrS-1 and investigate the effect of crystallization temperatures and times toward its character. All samples of CrS-1 crystallized in orthorhombic structure and Pnma space group. The phase observed in the XRD patterns of CrS-1 synthesized from 150 to 190 oC for 11 days showed only MFI-type phase. The CrS-1 prepared under static condition for 1 day at 150 oC indicated α-SiO2 phase, on the contrary, the samples conditioned for 2 to 8 days at 150 oC are only MFI phase.

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF CYANIDE AND METHOXYDE IONS TO QUATERNARY MANNICH BASE FROM VANILLIN Bambang Purwono; Estiana R. P. Daruningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The nucleophilic substitution reaction to quaternary Mannich base from vanillin has been investigated. Mannich reaction to vanillin was carried out by refluxing mixture of vanillin, formaldehyde and dimethyl amine. Quaternary ammonium halide salt was obtained from reaction of Mannich vanillin base with methyl iodide in THF solvents and yielded 93.28 %. Nucleophilic substituion to the halide salts with cyanide nucleophile produced 4-hidroxy-3-methoxy-5-(cyano)methylbenzaldehyde in 54.39% yield. Reaction with methoxyde ion yielded 4-hydroxy- 3-methoxy-5-(methoxy) -methylbenzaldehyde in 67.80% yield. The nucleophilic substitution reaction showed that trimethylamino substituent of quaternary Mannich base can act as a good leaving group on nucleophilic substitution reactions.

IN VITRO IRON AVAILABILITY AND ADSORPTION PATTERN ON COMBINATION OF ACIDITY AND LENGTH OF BOILING TIME ON YARD LONG BEAN Leny Yuanita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aim of the study is to find iron availability and binding pattern by dietary fiber macromolecule on combination of acidity and length of boiling time, through Kads and Keff, boiling procees at the level of pH 4 and 7 with boiling time at 0 (raw), 5, 15, and 25 minutes. Iron availability and adsorption pattern were analyzed through Miller's in-vitro and Langmuir-Scatchard graph methods. The results of the study showed: (1) the highest iron availability occurs at raw-pH4 treatment; (2) decreasing pH and increasing boiling time decrease Kads,Keff, percent iron bound, and increase iron availability; (3) iron binding pattern by dietary fiber macromolecules through formation of complex compound was more prominent than physical adsorption, involving two types of specific binding sites, one of which showed a higher affinity.

QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS (QSAR) OF VINCADIFFORMINE ANALOGUES AS THE ANTIPLASMODIAL COMPOUNDS OF THE CHLOROQUINOSENSIBLE STRAIN Iqmal Tahir; Mudasir Mudasir; Irza Yulistia; Mustofa Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of vincadifformine analogs as an antimalarial drug has been conducted using atomic net charges (q), moment dipole (μ), LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) and HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energies, molecular mass (m) as well as surface area (A) as the predictors to their activity. Data of predictors are obtained from computational chemistry method using semi-empirical molecular orbital AM1 calculation. Antimalarial activities were taken as the activity of the drugs against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Nigerian Cell) strain and were presented as the value of ln(1/IC50) where IC50 is an effective concentration inhibiting 50% of the parasite growth. The best QSAR model has been determined by multiple linier regression analysis giving QSAR equation:Log (1/IC50) = 9.602.qC1 -17.012.qC2 +6.084.qC3 -19.758.qC5 -6.517.qC6 +2.746.qC7 -6.795.qN +6.59.qC8 -0.190.μ -0.974.ELUMO +0.515.EHOMO -0.274.α +0.029.A -1.673 (n = 16; r = 0.995; SD = 0.099; F = 2.682)

THE USE OF THE FURFURAL FROM THE SOLID WASTE OF SUGAR INDUSTRY (BAGASSE) TO SYNTHESIZE β-(2-FURYL) ACRYLIC ACID AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE RAW MATERIAL OF SUNSCREEN COMPOUND Mitarlis Mitarlis; Prima Retno Wikandari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The research of the usefullness of furfural from bagasse for the production of β-(2-furyl)-acrilyc acid as an alternative raw material of sunscreen compound had been done. The research was done on two stages, the first stage was synthesis of furfural from bagasse and the second was synthesis of β-(2-furyl)-acrilyc acid that is an analog of cynnamic acid in which some derivatives are known possess activities as sunscreen. Cynnamic acid could be produced from benzaldehyde by Perkin methods using alkali hydrolysis. With the similarity of the main structure, so β-(2-furyl)-acrilyc acid can also be synthesized from furfural by Perkin method. The β-(2-furyl)-acrilyc acid had been synthesized in this research from furfural isolated from bagasse by NaOH hydrolysis. Synthesis was done by reflux for 2 hr at 140 - 145 oC and 3 hr at 145 - 150 oC. From the spectroscopic data its known that furfural could be produced from bagasse in 11.65 % yield and 33.83% of β-(2-furyl)-acrilyc acid from the synthesis on the second process. The UV -Vis spectrophotometer analysis result of β-(2-furyl)-acrilyc acids showed λmax at 296.20 nm. It showed that until this step the sunscreen compound can be resulted from furfural isolated from bagasse, especially as a sunscreen that protected skin from eritema (λmax at 290 - 320 nm) that is called as sunscreen UV-B.

PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN THE FORMATION OF FAUJASITE FROM FLY ASH Sutarno Sutarno; Yateman Arryanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Faujasite was hydrothermally synthesized from fly ash at 100oC in alkaline solution by reflux with 5M HCl and fusion with NaOH pretreatments. Phase transformation in the formation of faujasite was performed by variation of NaOH/fly ash weight ratios and hydrothermal times. The solid products were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. Results showed that faujasite was formed through dissolution of fly ash components such as quartz, mullite and amorphous aluminosilicates followed by crystallization to form faujasite. Arranging the NaOH/fly ash weight ratio as well as hydrothermal time can selectively form faujasite. Faujasite with crystallinity of 97.06%, Si/Al ratio of 2.68, and specific surface area of 452.93 m2/g was successfully formed using NaOH/fly ash weight ratio of 1.2 for hydrothermal time of 72 hours. In more concentrated alkaline solution as well as for longer hydrothermal time, faujasite was completely transformed into hydroxysodalite as the final product.

SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG L-α-METIL-DOPA FROM EUGENOL Hanoch J Sohilait; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo; Sabirin Matsjeh; J Stuart Grossert
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of analog L-α-metil-Dopa from eugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to ketone, followed by reaction with NH3 and KCN and by hydrolisis. The addition reaction of methyleugenol with formic acid yield methyleugenyl formate (60,69%). The hydrolis of methyileugenylformate with KOH in aqaueous-ethanolic solution produced methyleugenyl alcohol (73,68%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC yield methyleugenyl ketone (67,71%). The reaction of methyleugenyl ketone with NH3 and KCN yield D,L-α-amino-α-(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril (84,14%). The hydrolisis of D,L-α-amino-α-(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril with concentrated hydrochloric acid gave Analog L-α-metil-Dopa as a main target (91,98%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS

SORPTION-DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR AVAILABILITY FROM THE SEDIMENT OF SEGARA ANAKAN ESTUARY Sri Noegrohati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Estuarine sediments are increasingly recognized as both a carrier and a possible source of heavy metals in pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The bioavailability of heavy metal from sediments, however, is a long-standing impediment of questions in determining the metal effects in ecosystems. The fraction considered as available heavy metal are both the dissolved heavy metal and the exchangable cations. The main objective of this study is to understand the extent of heavy metal availability from sediments in estuarine ecosystem. It was found that the availability of heavy metals, i.e. copper, zinc, cadmium, and mercury in the estuarine ecosystem investigated, are governed by the relative strength of the electrostatic attraction of their complexation to the ligands present both in the sediment and the overlaying waters. Under simulated estuarine ecosystem, it was observed that Cu and Zn prefer to form organo-complex through ligand exchange, while Cd and Hg tend to form chloro-complex through electrostatic interaction. Therefore, the availability of Hg and Cd is higher in more saline overlaying water. On the contrary, the availability of Cu and Zn is lower in more saline overlaying waters, as indicated by their respective water-sediment distribution coefficient, KD. Similar behaviour of heavy metal was observed in natural field conditions of Segara Anakan estuary. Due to the higher salinity of the overlaying water, the availability of Cd and Hg in dry season was higher than in wet season, while Zn was more available in wet season due to the higher input of organic matters from the inland. The patterns of heavy metal release from the sediment are consistent to that obtained in experiments of the undisturbed simulation, where highest release was obtained for Cd. Surprisingly, it was found that even though Cd was not detected in the sediment, higher level of Cd in water medium was observed in dry season, and Cu seems to retain in the sediment in both dry and wet seasons. Compared to the unextractable fraction, the extractable was very low, therefore Geloina sp. was used as biomonitor for dissolved Cd and Hg, and Zn in sediment. Generally, the heavy metal concentration in Geloina sp. was higher in dry season than in wet season, but no Cu uptake was detected. Therefore, the establishment of limit values of heavy metals in sediment is highly recommended.

CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PURE SQUALENE BY USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY Dosis Undjung
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this research was to produce pure Squalene using the Chromatography Column of Continuous System, so that it will be applicable in home industry. The raw material was a Shark caught from the sea water in Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan. The result of this research concludes that the Column Chromatography of Continuous System in the experiment was able to produce pure Squalene with the level of purification of 79.89 % out of raw material was as long 180 minutes, by the elution speed of 4 mL per minute, and the eluen (liquid of the raw material) needed was as much as 900 mL, the solution lost (2 % of dietil eter in benzene) during the process was 2.04 %, the temperature in the heater tube was 110 oC, the number of the Silica gel G 40 types as what so-called solid phase in this process to purify 90 g of raw material was 90 g, and the amount of the solution remained in the pure Squalene was 1.5 ppm. Column Chromatography of Continuous System may be applicable in home industry to produce pure Squalene from Shark Liver Oil, the materials and equipment for this activity can be easily found as they are available in markets. A further analysis is needed to find out of contained compound for its further use.

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