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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 171   172   173   174   175 
Methotrexate-Polymer Nanocomposites for Targeted Pulmonary Drug Delivery Aseel Khaled Mohammad AL-Sarayrah; Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali; Mike Khalil Haddad; Dalia Kalil
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88495

Abstract

Nanocomposite formulation is a suitable technology that enables the development of successful dry powder inhalers. The methotrexate (MTX) and polyamide-disulfide (polymer) were used as a model to form MTX-polymer nanocomposites. Different amounts of the independent variable, MTX (0.025 and 0.050 g), polymer (0.05 and 0.01 g), pH (6.7 and 11.3), and across-linker ferric chloride (FeCl3) (0.05 and 0.10 g) were used. The loading efficiency and particle size were dependent variables. The optimized formula can be obtained with the highest loading efficiency and optimum particle size. This formula can be collected by using 0.025 g of drug, 0.079 g of polymer, 0.050 g of FeCl3, and pH = 6.7. The release of MTX from the nanocomposites occurs in two release steps; the first release step starts from the beginning up to 60 min, followed by a continuous release phase within 60 min. The results of the NGI analysis demonstrated that 28.1% of the nominated dose in each puff reached the lower parts of the respiratory system, an indication that the nanocomposites can be used in the delivery of MTX as a respiratory system.
Recent Advancement and Emerging Applications of Lignin Tanu Mittal; Rishi Kant; Yogesh Bhalla; Mohit Kumar Goel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88535

Abstract

Lignin is a significant renewable natural energy resource these days, used as an environmentally acceptable and sustainable alternative fossil fuel feedstock in a huge possibility of value-added products. Lignin is a polymeric molecule that possesses an aromatic unit structure, together with cellulose, and is a main component of the cell walls of plants. It is the byproduct of agriculture residues and biorefinery products and can be extracted from paper-pulp industries. Properties of lignin may differ depending on the extraction method and source and also on an aromatic ring as the main constituent of lignin in the structure. This rare composition of lignin makes it more valuable, allowing for value-added applications such as in the field of storage devices and energy harvesters. This review focuses on derivatives of lignin, structure and composition sources and characteristics, and its sustainable emerging application in various fields are discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Material/Chitosan Composite Modified with Glycidyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride Feri Mukhayani; Eko Sri Kunarti; Yuichi Kamiya; Nuryono Nuryono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88758

Abstract

Glycidyl-trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) containing quaternary ammonium (QA) groups is commonly used as a base catalyst for any organic reaction. This research prepared a novel composite of GTMAC attached to chitosan-coated magnetic material (MM/Chi/GTMAC) using a precipitation method. The effect of chitosan and GTMAC contents on MM/chi/GTMAC properties was studied, where the chitosan content varied from 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mol, and GTMAC varied from 0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, and 3 mL with the constant mass of MM (0.4640 g). The physicochemical and morphological properties were characterized with FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, TGA, UV-vis, AAS, and zeta-sizer, and the magnetic strength was simply tested with an external magnet. The result showed that a mixture containing chitosan and GTMAC of 0.358 g and 1.5 mL was an optimum composition, in which MM/chi(0.5)/GTMAC(1.5) has high thermal stability, low chitosan and Fe solubility, and optimum content of QA (0.284 mol/g) without loss of magnetic strength. The higher the amount of chitosan, the lower the magnetic properties, and the higher the GTMAC did not increase the QA content. Therefore, the composite produced has the potential to be a novel heterogeneous base catalyst that is quickly recovered from any organic reaction media.
Optimization of Essential Oil Production from Cymbopogon citratus in Vietnam by Hydro-Distillation Thi Cam Van Do; Thi Cuong Vu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88766

Abstract

Citral-rich lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils have been reported to exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, leading to wide applications in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, perfumery markets, and pest inhibition. Vietnam has abundant lemongrass, which can be centralized to develop a lemongrass-based essential oil industry. In this work, essential oils were extracted from lemongrass harvested from the Bac Giang and Phu Yen provinces of Vietnam. The study aimed to investigate the influential factors, including distillation time, raw material size, water quality, and water-to-material ratio, to optimize oil production from C. citratus in a 10 L hydro-distillation boiler. The maximum oil yield was obtained under the optimal conditions: distillation time of 180 min, the plant material size of 2–3 mm, reverse osmosis (RO) and/or distilled water, and water-to-material ratio of 5/1 (mL/g). The maximum yields of lemongrass oil from Bac Giang and Phu Yen provinces were determined as 2.55 and 3.96 mL/kg, with corresponding citral contents analyzed of 45.5 and 68.1%, respectively. From the experimental data, a protocol for essential oil production from Vietnam’s C. citratus by the hydro-distillation technique was proposed.
Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Activity from the Leaf Midrib of Nypa fruticans Wurm. Rosnani Nasution; Yoon Jeon; Hadis Fadillah; Muhammad Bahi; Marianne Marianne
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89094

Abstract

This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of n-hexane and ethanol extracts of Nypa fruticans leaf sheaths. The ethanol extract, with the most active antidiabetic properties from the n-hexane extract, was characterized using GC-MS. The total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant properties were determined, and then the ethanol extract was fractionated. An antidiabetic activity test was carried out using the glucose tolerance method in male Swiss Webster mice. The results showed that subfraction A (the effect of fractionation of ethanol extract) was the most capable of reducing blood sugar levels, namely 247.67 mg/dL in 30 min (the activity is 98.67% compared to glibenclamide). The ethanol extract can reduce blood glucose levels by 203.34 mg/dL at 30 min (81.01% compared to glibenclamide). The results of total phenolic and total flavonoid content tests for the ethanol extract were obtained at 18.0349 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 2.8309 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 antioxidant activity of the extract is 417.4399 ppm. Characterization using GC-MS on the extract showed that the dominant phytoconstituent in the extract is 4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole, with a composition of 63.45%.  
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Dapsone-Derived Bisazo Ligand and Its Gold(III) Complex, with Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities Haider Muhammad Hessoon; Hussam Muhammad Abbas
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89115

Abstract

In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel bisazo ligand derived from dapsone and explored its potential as a versatile coordination compound. Furthermore, we formed an Au(III) complex with this bisazo ligand and extensively characterized it using a range of analytical techniques, including UV-visible, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis (TGA). The Au(III) complex exhibited significant inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells (HEPG2), achieving a maximum inhibition rate of 56.45% at a concentration of 400 µg mL−1. Interestingly, the complex showed comparatively milder effects on normal cells (HDFn). Both the ligand and the gold complex demonstrated antioxidant properties, with ascorbic acid serving as a reference for comparison. These findings underscore the promising potential of the synthesized bisazo ligand and its Au(III) complex in medicinal chemistry, particularly for cancer treatment and antioxidant applications. Additionally, these compounds exhibit nanoscale characteristics, further enhancing their relevance in various scientific and technological fields.
The Impact of Substitution of Diphenyl Dialumene on the Molecular Structure and Energetic Properties Salma Babikir; Sahar Abdalla; Wefag Mohamed; Yunusa Umar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90006

Abstract

The molecular structure, energetic properties, electronic, and vibrational spectroscopy of meta-substituted phenyl dialumene, DPD (Ar–Al=Al–Ar; Ar of the formula C6H5X2, where X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, NO2, and COOH) are investigated by DFT. The singlet states of unsubstituted and substituted DPD adopt trans-planar geometry, while the triplet states adopt non-planar trans-bent geometry. The Al=Al bond length of unsubstituted DPD-H in a singlet state is calculated to be 2.734 Å, and there is no systematic and significant change upon substitution (2.734–2.744 Å). The substitution affects the absolute energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, and reorganization energy. The wavelength of maximum absorbance of DPD-H is determined to be 443 nm, and the substitute analogues DPD-X (X = OH, F, Cl, Br, NO2, CHO, COOH) show a hypsochromic shift, while DPD-CH3 and DPD-NH2 exhibit a bathochromic effect. The HOMO to LUMO+1 transition is the major transition for the meta-substituted DPD, except for X=NO2, where the transition is to LUMO+2. Considering the reorganization energy values, meta-substituted DPD can be useful as hole transporters. In addition, the theoretical data will aid in predicting the behavior of this class of compounds, facilitating the design and synthesis of similar compounds with desired properties.
Modification of Natural Zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia Using Ammonium Chloride by Ion-Exchange and Its Application as Catalyst in Ethanol Dehydration to Produce Diethyl Ether Zaira Adila; Wega Trisunaryanti; Triyono Triyono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90279

Abstract

Modification of a natural zeolite from Klaten, Indonesia, as a catalyst in the dehydration of ethanol to produce diethyl ether (DEE) has been conducted. Raw Klaten natural zeolite (ZA) was modified using 1 and 2 M of an ammonium chloride solution for 24 h while stirring for 18 h, then calcined at 500 °C for 5 h under N2 gas flow produced HZA1 and HZA2 catalyst, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR and gravimetric acidity test using ammonia-based vapor. The dehydration process was conducted under variations of temperature (200, 250, and 300 °C) and catalyst mass of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g for 20 mL of 96% ethanol. The HZA1 catalyst produced the highest yield of DEE (2.41%) at 250 °C and 0.1 g catalyst. This catalyst showed needle-like of 66.22 nm crystal size, consisting of 32.57% mordenite, the highest surface area (48.32 m2/g), crystallinity (32.93%) and Brønsted acid sites (2.75 mmol/g), the lowest pore diameter (1.77 nm) and Si/Al mol ratio (4.03). The HZA1 catalyst can be used repetitively and produced DEE yield at the second and third runs (2.40 and 2.61%).
Photodegradation of Phenol under Visible Light Irradiation Using Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 Composite as a High-Performance Photocatalyst Wanda Putra Fauzi; Rian Kurniawan; Sri Sudiono; Niko Prasetyo; Akhmad Syoufian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90365

Abstract

Codoping of nitrogen and copper into zirconium titanate composite (Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4) was carried out through a sol-gel process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of copper and nitrogen dopants on the photocatalytic activity of ZrTiO4 composite in degrading phenol. To prepare the composite, an aqueous suspension of zirconia (ZrO2) alongside a fixed amount of urea and various amount of copper sulfate was added dropwise into diluted titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ethanol. The composites were calcined at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, and specular reflectance UV-visible spectrophotometry (SR UV-vis) were used for their characterization of composite. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by adding the composite into a 10 mg L−1 phenol solution for various irradiation time spans. The remaining concentration of phenol solution was determined by absorption at 269 nm. Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 composite containing 5% Cu calcined at 500 °C demonstrated the highest observed rate constant and a significant band gap decrease from 3.13 to 2.68 eV.
Modification of Petroleum Bitumen with Secondary Polyethylene in the Presence of Vermiculite Syrmanova Kulash; Kaldybekova Zhanat; Agabekova Aktolkyn; Baizhanova Sholpan; Tuleuov Rassul; Khaldun Al Azzam; El-Sayed Negim; Bounoua Nadia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90881

Abstract

This article presents studies on the modification of petroleum bitumen with polymer waste in the presence of vermiculite. An increase in temperature leads to an increase in the interaction of components, partial breakage of polyethylene and bitumen macromolecules, and the formation of radical-free valences. As a result, fragments of polyethylene and bitumen molecules react with each other, and the formation of qualitatively new structural formations occurs via the strong connection of polar and amorphous bitumen with nonpolar structurally viscous polyethylene. Domestically produced Kulantau vermiculite was used to ensure stable adhesion over a wide temperature range and increase the specific surface area, which acquired additional energy, resulting in an increase in the degree of adhesion to bitumen and increased durability of the binder with improved rheological characteristics. Because of the increased service life of road asphalt pavements, the use of the latter results in a considerable decrease in the cost of polymer-bitumen binders. Based on improved binder formulations, asphalt concrete exhibits excellent water resistance and strength at 50 °C (4.7 to 5.0 MPa). In summary, the modification of bitumen with polymer waste and vermiculite offers a promising avenue for improving the performance and longevity of asphalt pavements.

Page 173 of 196 | Total Record : 1956

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