Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Article Per Year (5 Year)

All

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
Website

Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,981 Documents

29 30 31 32 33

STABILITY OF KETOPROFEN COATED BY CHITOSAN-GUAR GUM GEL Purwantiningsih Sugita; Bambang Srijanto; Budi Arifin; Ellin Vina Setyowati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The coating stability of ketoprofen by chitosan-guar gum gel has been studied. Into 228.6 mL of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 38.1 mL of guar gum (gg) solution was added with concentration variation of 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75% (w/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules, and stirred with magnetic stirrer until homogenous. Afterwards, 7.62 mL of glutaraldehyde (glu) was added slowly under stirring, with concentrations varied: 3, 3.5, and 4% (v/v). All mixtures were shaked for 20 min for homogenization. Into each microcapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added. Every mixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. Every microcapsule formula was packed into capsules, as much as 100 g per capsule. The capsules were contained in 100-mL dark bottles and the bottles were kept in climatic chamber at (40 ± 2) °C and RH (75 ± 5) % for 3 months. The microcapsule stabilities were tested chemically and physically. The result showed that formulation of ketoprofen preparation composed of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan, 0.35% (w/v) gg, and 3.50% (v/v) glu, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen percentage left in microcapsule after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 80.33%, 0.0351 % week-1, and 18.92 months, respectively. Reaction kinetic model for this formula followed Prout-Tompkins equation and the degradation of ketoprofen was seem to follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by the formation and growth of reaction core.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN AND SIDE PRODUCTS FROM ADDITION REACTION OF CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE BY FORMIC ACID M Muchalal; Trisulistyaningsih Rahayu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Main and side products from reaction of caryophyllene oxide and formic acid have been isolated using column chromatography with silica gel 60 G as stationary phase and n-hexane : ethyl acetat (9:1, v/v) as mobile phase. The first and second fraction were analyzed using infrared spectrophotometer, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Caryophyllene formiate as a main product was found in the first fraction. The side product that had been identified were 4,10,10-trimethyl-7-methylenebicyclo[6,2,0]decane-4-carbaldehyde, 2-(9-hydroxy-4,4,8 trimethyltricyclo[6,3,1,01,5]dodecyl)metanoate, clovanediol,4,11,11-trimethyl-8 methylene-3-bicyclo-[7,2,0]-undecen-5-ol,2,5-(6,10,10 imethyltricyclo[7,2,1,01,9]dodecyl)metanedioat, and derivative of caryophylleneformiate.

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: NEW LIGHT IN MEDICINE WORLD Venny Santosa; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a considerably new kind of photochemotherapeutic treatment in medical field. It combines the use of three components, which are a photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Photosensitizer is a compound activated by light. The application can be oral, topical or intravenous. It usually member of porphyrin group with ampiphilic characteristics. Photosensitizer can be of generation I, II or III, each generation step develops more specificity, selectivity and deeper tissue application. This review will discuss photosensitizer development consecutively, with its benefit and lackness. The light used is usually on red region, while the oxygen is involved in reactive oxygen species generation. Its mechanism action can go through either in type I or type II reaction. This kind of therapy is usually being used in oncology, especially in superficial and in-lining cancers, dermatology and ophthalmology field. This therapy can be safely given to patients with complication and has distinct advantages compare with other treatment such as chemotherapy and surgery. It also considerably has lesser side effects and risks. Broader application is being developed through various experiments and photosensitizer modification.

THE CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES OF PROTEASE CG-10 IMMOBILIZED BY BENTONITE Rudiana Agustini
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The CG-10 isolate is a thermophile microorganism live in extreme environments, a hot spring located at Cangar East Java, having temperature 50 oC. The isolate had following characteristics: rod shaped cells, gram-positive, size of cells 6-14 µm, aerobic, and obligate thermophile. Based on the nucleotide sequences of its 16S-rRNA gene indicated that these isolate was closely related to Bacillus caldoxylolyticus (98.305% sequence similarity). The enzymes produced by thermophile microorganism were usually active at a higher temperature than that of the environment in which they live. Therefore it is possible to use this enzyme in industries requiring high temperature in their production processes. The CG-10 isolate grew well in a liquid waste of tofu and could secretion extracellular protease. The protease was isolated by fractioning at 35% (w/v) ammonium sulfate, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes, and had the following characteristics: optimum temperature 80 oC, optimum pH 8, the molecular weight 53.000-76.000 Dalton (for the protease showing the highest activity), pHI value between 7.5 up to 8.2, and could be classified as a serine alkaline protease. For increasing the efficiency of this protease in industries had been done by immobilization with bentonite. The immobilization process is done at optimum pH (pH 5). The characteristic changes research of protease CG-10 isolate immobilized by bentonite had been done. The immobile enzyme showed different characteristics for that of the native (mobile enzymes). The immobile enzyme showed a different optimum temperature, a higher heat resistance but the same optimum pH as the native enzyme.

RAPID ISOMERIZATION OF ALKYNOL BY POTASSIUM AMINOPROPYLAMIDE REAGENT Hendig Winarno
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Terminal alkynol (w-alkynol) is an intermediate compound in synthesis of a potent anticancer agent, namely C-16 alkynic fatty acid. For synthesis of this intermediate compound, it is needed to synthesize the appropriate internal alkynol, namely 2-nonyn-1-ol (10), 2-undecyn-1-ol (11), and 2-heptyn-1-ol (12), subsequently to convert these internal alkynol into terminal alkynol, namely 8-nonyn-1-ol (7), 10-undecyn-1-ol (8), and 6-heptyn-1-ol (9), an isomerization reaction was needed. Based on the method which developed by ABRAMS by using potassium 3-aminopropylamide (KAPA) reagent, the isomerization reaction could be done within 5 minutes in 93-94% yield.

Design of New Potent Insecticides of Organophosphate Derivatives Based on QSAR Analysis Mudasir Mudasir; Yari Mukti Wibowo; Harno Dwi Pranowo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Design of new potent insecticide compounds of organophosphate derivatives based on QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) analytical model has been conducted. Organophosphate derivative compounds and their activities were obtained from the literature. Computational modeling of the structure of organophosphate derivative compounds and calculation of their QSAR descriptors have been done by AM1 (Austin Model 1) method. The best QSAR model was selected from the QSAR models that used only electronic descriptors and from those using both electronic and molecular descriptors. The best QSAR model obtained was:Log LD50 = 50.872 - 66.457 qC1 - 65.735 qC6 + 83.115 qO7 (n = 30, r = 0.876, adjusted r2 = 0.741, Fcal/Ftab = 9.636, PRESS = 2.414 x 10-6)The best QSAR model was then used to design in silico new compounds of insecticide of organophosphate derivatives with better activity as compared to the existing synthesized organophosphate derivatives. So far, the most potent insecticide of organophosphate compound that has been successfully synthesized had log LD50 of -5.20, while the new designed compound based on the best QSAR model, i.e.: 4-(diethoxy phosphoryloxy) benzene sulfonic acid, had log LD50 prediction of -7.29. Therefore, the new designed insecticide compound is suggested to be synthesized and tested for its activity in laboratory for further verification.

TRANSFORMATION OF RICINOLEIC OF CASTOR OIL INTO LINOLEIC (OMEGA-6) AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID BY DEHYDRATION Marham Sitorus; S. Ibrahim; H. Nurdin; D. Darwis
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The ricinoleic of Castor Oil was dehydrated by various dehydrator agent (P2O5, K2CO3, H3PO4, NaHSO4, Al2O3, molecular sieve and activated bentonite at 450 °C - HCl) on the same condition (150 °C, mol ratio 1:1 and 2 hours ). The compositions of Refined Ricinus Castor Oil as starting material were : 0.92% palmitic , 5.56% linoleic , 4.07% octadecanoic , 1.22% stearic and 85.06% ricinoleic. The spesific wave number of IR was bandwith 3411 cm-1 caused of hydroxyl (-OH) group of ricinoleic at C-12 as main component. The product was Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) mixed of linoleic (omega 6) [C18 : 2 (9,12)] and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) [C18: 2 (9,11)]. The best dehydrator was P2O5 based on three parameters were : Free Fatty Acid (FFA) nearly the same (1.855% of Castor oil and 2.139% of DCO), the most increased of Iodium value (49.860 mg/g of Castor oil in to 63.090 mg/g of DCO), and the most decresed of hydroxyl number (28.27 mg of Castor oil in to 17.75 mg/g of DCO). To optimized the dehydration was done by various number of P2O5 (3g, 5g and 7g), tempereture (room, 100 °C and 150 °C) and time (2h, 2.5h, 3h, and 3.5h). The optimal conditon of dehydration was not found yet. Some of sugestted or idea for dehydration were: dehydration must be done by base or netral, non oxydator dehydrator, mol ratio 1:1, temperature (100-150 °C) and 2-3.5 h. Based on GC-MS the best DCO (7g P2O5, 150 °C and 3.5 h) were showed that the decrease of ricinoleic 14.13% (85.08% of Castor Oil in to 70.93% of DCO), increased linoleic 2.09% (5.56 of Castor oil in to 7.65% of DCO) and conducted of 9.09% CLA. Some new peaks between linoleic and ricinoleic are maybe isomer's of linoleic and CLA. The wave number of cunjugated alkene (C=C) (1666.3 cm-1) of IR spectra of DCO together with GC-MS chromatogram's to indicated that linoleic and CLA were conducted.

Study on the Interference of Iron, Aluminium and Silicon on the Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Mangan in Laterite Mineral Sulistyo Saputro; Ngatidjo Hadipranoto; Agus Kuncaka
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Interference of iron, aluminum and silicon on the determination of mangan in laterite mineral by atomic absorption spectrometry has been investigated. Dissolution of laterite mineral into solution have been carried out by wet method destruction using combination of 7 mL of aquaregia, 7.5 mL of concentrated perchloric acid and 9 mL of fluoride acid 48% In sealed teflon flask heated at temperature of about 110 °C for 3 hours to determine the content of Mn element in laterite mineral directly. Interference of these three metals were carried out by evaluating the differences of Mn absorbance at wavelength 279.50 nm and slit width 0.2 nm between the solutions containing mangan only and those containing the some amount of mangan together with the interfering elements at those concentration range in laterite mineral. The result showed that both iron at concentration of 100 ppm until 500 ppm and aluminum at concentration at 3 ppm until 15 ppm caused significant and non-linear interference on the determination of Mn 2 ppm. Interference of iron was effectively eliminated by releasing action of aluminum. The signal depression reductional decrease due to 234 ppm of silicon on the determination of Mn 2 ppm can be eliminated by adding 2.30 mL of CaCl2 0.2% (m/v) into these solution. The content of Mn in the laterite mineral after and before adding of CaCl2 into solution were 2407.04 ± 59.26 μg g-1 and 2311.76 ± 23.61 μg g-1, respectively. This result was significantly different at confidence level 95% as shown by the value of tcalculated=4.91 that was higher than ttable=4.30.

SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATION OF p-(AMINO)BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE Firdaus Firdaus; Jumina Jumina; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Derivatization of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]-arene to 5,11,17,23-tetra-amino-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene compound via etherification, ipso nitration, and reduction reactions, respectively has been conducted. The etherification reaction was carried out by refluxed the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene, 1-bromobutane, NaI, and NaH in solvent mixture of THF-DMF (10:1 v/v) and nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]-arene 84% in yield; ipso nitration reaction was carried out by stirred the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene and HNO3 100% in solvent mixture of dichloromethane-acetic acid glacial (1:1 v/v) for 2 hours and than refluxed for 1 hour to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-nitro-25,26,27,28-tetra-butoxycalix[4]arene 50% in yield; and reduction reaction was carried out by refluxed the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-nitro-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene and SnCl2/HCl reductor in ethanol solvent for 6 hours to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-amino-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene 67% in yield. In the etherification reaction, the conformation of calix[4]arene compound was converted from cone to partial cone; but in the followed reactions, i.e. nitration and reduction reactions, the conformation of calix[4]arene compounds were remain in partial cone.

THE METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYSIS Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEA WATER BY ABSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY (ASV) IN THE PRESENCE OF CALCON AS COMPLEXING AGENT Deswati Deswati; Hamzar Suyani; Safni Safni
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A sensitive and selective absorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) method to determine Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in sea water is proposed. The aim of this study was to get optimum condition for the determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). Absorptive stripping voltammetry has been used for ultra trace determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) using calcon as a complexing agent (ligand). In this case, the optimum conditions were reached at 0.1 M KCl supporting electrolyte, concentration of 0.5 mM calcon for Cd(II), Cu(II) 0.3 mM while 0.7 mM for Pb(II) and Zn(II), pH 6 for Cu(II) and pH 7 for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), accumulation potential -0.5 V for Cu(II) and Pb(II) and -0.6 V for Cd(II) and Zn(II) and accumulation time 70 sec for Cd(II), 90 sec for Cu(II) and Pb (II) while 50 s for Zn(II). At the optimum condition the relative standard deviations were 7.80%, 4.25%, 8.70% and 0.86% for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) respectively for eight replicates (n = 8) measurements of 10 μg/L Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). The method was applied for the direct determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in sea water around Bungus, Padang City. Concentration Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in sample were 13.200 μg /L for Cd(II), 17.200 μg/L for Cu(II), 0.089 μg/L for Pb(II) and 62.000 μg/L for Zn(II) with recovery of 98.68%, 97.99%, 96.17% and 99.96% for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively.

Page 31 of 199 | Total Record : 1981

29 30 31 32 33

Filter by Year

2001 2026

Filter By Issues

All Issue Vol 26, No 1 (2026) Vol 25, No 5 (2025) Vol 25, No 4 (2025) Vol 25, No 3 (2025) Vol 25, No 2 (2025) Vol 25, No 1 (2025) Vol 24, No 6 (2024) Vol 24, No 5 (2024) Vol 24, No 4 (2024) Vol 24, No 3 (2024) Vol 24, No 2 (2024) Vol 24, No 1 (2024) Vol 23, No 6 (2023) Vol 23, No 5 (2023) Vol 23, No 4 (2023) Vol 23, No 3 (2023) Vol 23, No 2 (2023) Vol 23, No 1 (2023) Vol 22, No 6 (2022) Vol 22, No 5 (2022) Vol 22, No 4 (2022) Vol 22, No 3 (2022) Vol 22, No 1 (2022) Vol 22, No 2 (2022) Vol 21, No 6 (2021) Vol 21, No 5 (2021) Vol 21, No 4 (2021) Vol 21, No 3 (2021) Vol 21, No 2 (2021) Vol 21, No 1 (2021) Vol 20, No 6 (2020) Vol 20, No 5 (2020) Vol 20, No 4 (2020) Vol 20, No 3 (2020) Vol 20, No 2 (2020) Vol 20, No 1 (2020) Vol 19, No 4 (2019) Vol 19, No 3 (2019) Vol 19, No 2 (2019) Vol 19, No 1 (2019) Vol 18, No 4 (2018) Vol 18, No 3 (2018) Vol 18, No 2 (2018) Vol 18, No 1 (2018) Vol 17, No 3 (2017) Vol 17, No 2 (2017) Vol 17, No 1 (2017) Vol 16, No 3 (2016) Vol 16, No 2 (2016) Vol 16, No 1 (2016) Vol 15, No 3 (2015) Vol 15, No 2 (2015) Vol 15, No 1 (2015) Vol 14, No 3 (2014) Vol 14, No 2 (2014) Vol 14, No 1 (2014) Vol 13, No 3 (2013) Vol 13, No 2 (2013) Vol 13, No 1 (2013) Vol 12, No 3 (2012) Vol 12, No 2 (2012) Vol 12, No 1 (2012) Vol 11, No 3 (2011) Vol 11, No 2 (2011) Vol 11, No 1 (2011) Vol 10, No 3 (2010) Vol 10, No 2 (2010) Vol 10, No 1 (2010) Vol 9, No 3 (2009) Vol 9, No 2 (2009) Vol 9, No 1 (2009) Vol 8, No 3 (2008) Vol 8, No 2 (2008) Vol 8, No 1 (2008) Vol 7, No 3 (2007) Vol 7, No 2 (2007) Vol 7, No 1 (2007) Vol 6, No 3 (2006) Vol 6, No 2 (2006) Vol 6, No 1 (2006) Vol 5, No 3 (2005) Vol 5, No 2 (2005) Vol 5, No 1 (2005) Vol 4, No 3 (2004) Vol 4, No 2 (2004) Vol 4, No 1 (2004) Vol 3, No 3 (2003) Vol 3, No 2 (2003) Vol 3, No 1 (2003) Vol 2, No 3 (2002) Vol 2, No 2 (2002) Vol 2, No 1 (2002) Vol 1, No 3 (2001) Vol 1, No 2 (2001) Vol 1, No 1 (2001) ARTICLE IN PRESS Article in press More Issue

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name -

Contact Email -

Phone -

Journal Mail Official -

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA