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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,981 Documents

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ELECTROPOLYMERISATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF DOPED-POLYPYRROLE AS HUMIDITY SENSOR Siswoyo Siswoyo; Trio F. Nugroho; Zulfikar Zulfikar; Agus Subekti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A new type of sensing materials for humidity measurement has been developed based on conducting polymer polypyrrole synthesised from pyrrole by adding some dopant compounds, bromide and chloride, it is prepared by potentiodynamic-electropolymerisation technique. Variation of dopant types and concentration has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of this variation to the change of polymeric conductivity when interacting with water vapour. Polypyrrole-Cl (Ppy-Cl) and polypyrrole-Br (Ppy-Br) exhibit a good principal characteristic as sensor candidate namely responding proportionally to humidly variation ranging 30% - 90% relative humidity. Characterisation test for the sensor candidates has been carried out for evaluating their linearity respond toward humidity, their stability in certain period and their reproducibility in some tests. The results show that Ppy-Cl and Ppy-Br showing good linearity respond with R value in a range of 0.95 - 0.99. Their reproducibility and sensitivity were relatively good, however their respond stability were only last in few days. The stability probably is related to the stability of resulted polymeric structure that very affected by synthesis process and dopant used. It is necessary to extend the use of other dopant materials and changing the synthesis process in order to improve sensor stability. In other hand it is also necessary to characterise other performance characteristic of the sensor namely response time, and interference effect of some volatile chemicals and other gases.

SYNTHESIS, IDENTIFICATION AND IN VITRO ANTITUMOUR PRESCREENING TEST OF TRIPHENYLTIN BENZOATE TOWARDS A HUMAN CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELL LINE, HeLa Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this study, triphenyltin benzoate was synthesized first, and followed by antitumor prescreening test of the compound towards a human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa. Three reaction steps were employed to obtain the compound needed, i.e. 1) synthesizing of tetraphenyltin compound via insitu phenilmagnesiumbromide Grignard reaction to tin(IV)chloride, 2) synthesizing triphenyltin chloride via redistribution reaction of tetraphenyltin to tin(IV) chloride without any solvent, the reaction completed depends on the temperature, in this case a good results was achieved at temperature 220 °C for 6 h, 3) finally, triphenyltin benzoate was produced through a methathetical reaction of triphenyltin chloride to an excess of sodium benzoate in ethanol. In vitro prescreening antitumour activity of the compound towards a human cervical tumour cell line, HeLa was carried out following an enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). By this method, the test ended with good promising results. This indicates by the IC50 of 170 nM which is compared well to cisplatinum with IC50 950 nM.

TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSION AND MORPHOLOGY OF MESOPOROUS TITANIA USING DYNAMIC FLOW ADSORPTION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION Silvester Tursiloadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A technique to determine the surface fractal dimension of mesoporous TiO2 using a dynamic flow adsorption instrument is described. Fractal dimension is an additional technique to characterize surface morphology. Surface fractal dimension, a quantitative measurement of surface ruggedness, can be determined by adsorbing a homologous series of adsorbates onto an adsorbent sample of mesoporous TiO2. Titania wet gel prepared by hydrolysis of Ti-alkoxide was immersed in the flow of supercritical CO2 at 60 °C and the solvent was extracted. Mesoporous TiO2 consists of anatase nano-particles, about 5nm in diameter, have been obtained. After calcination at 600 °C, the average pore size of the extracted gel, about 20nm in diameter, and the pore volume, about 0.35cm3g-1, and the specific surface area, about 58 m2g-1. Using the N2 adsorption isotherm, the surface fractal dimension, DS, has been estimated according to the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) theory. The N2 adsorption isotherm for the as-extracted aerogel indicates the mesoporous structure. Two linear regions are found for the FHH plot of the as-extracted aerogel. The estimated surface fractal dimensions are about 2.49 and 2.68. Both of the DS values indicate rather complex surface morphology. The TEM observation shows that there are amorphous and crystalline particles. Two values of DS may be attributed to these two kinds of particles. The two regions are in near length scales, and the smaller DS, DS =2.49, for the smaller region. This result indicates that there are two kinds of particles, probably amorphous and anatase particles as shown by the TEM observation.

SYNTHESIS OF 5,7-DIHYDROXY-3’,4’-DIMETHOXYISOFLAVON FROM EUGENOL Andi Hairil Alimuddin; Sabirin Matsjeh; Chairil Anwar; Mustofa Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 11, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone from eugenol as isolated product of clove leaves oil had been done. Eugenol was firstly converted into 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide via several stages of reaction. Hoeben-Hoesch reaction of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide with phloroglucin produced 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxyphenyl ketone (deoxybenzoin intermediate) in 58% yield. Eventually, cyclization of the intermediate with reagents of BF3.OEt2/DMF/POCl3 yielded 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-isoflavone in 88% yield.

ANALYSIS OF FREE FATTY ACID ON SOYBEAN OIL USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY – MASS SPECTROSCOPY Deni Pranowo; M Muchalal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Research on transesterification of soybean oil with sodium methoxide as the catalyst in methanol has been conducted. Yields of transesterification reaction were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS spectrum showed that mehtyl palmitic, methyl stearic, methyl oleic and methyl linoleic were produced from the reaction. The reaction was done for 90 minutes and gave convertion of 84.53% (b/b).

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, ACTIVITY, DEACTIVATION, AND REGENERATION TESTS OF CoO-MoO/ZnO AND CoO-MoO/ZnO-ACTIVATED ZEOLITE CATALYSTS FOR THE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM FUSEL OIL Wega Trisunaryanti; Ignatius Emmanuel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation, characterization, activation, deactivation, and regeneration tests of CoO-MoO/ZnO and CoO-MoO/ZnO-Activated Zeolite (AZ) catalysts for the hydrogen production using steam reforming of alcohols in fusel oil have been conducted. Both catalysts were prepared by impregnation of Co and Mo onto ZnO or ZnO-AZ powder then followed by calcination at 400 °C for 5 h under N2 stream. The BET method and pyridine adsorption were used for catalysts characterization. The study of activation, deactivation, and regeneration of catalysts were conducted by using steam reforming method in the semi flow reactor. The reaction condition were: weight ratio of catalysts/feed = 0.1, temperature: 450°C, duration: 45 min. The gas product was trapped in a 250 mL vacuum pyrex bottle filled with 50 mL of 4 M NaOH solution and analyzed by GC with TCD system to determine H2 existance and HCl titration to determine CO2 produced during the process that was dissolved in NaOH solution. The results showed that CoO-MoO/ZnO-AZ catalyst produced higher gas conversion than CoO-MoO/ZnO catalyst. However, it had short catalyst lifetime due to its high amount of coke deposited during the process. The regeneration test could enhance the catalyst activity. The gas product consisted of H2 (14.70%) and CO2 (24.41%).

EFFECT OF DIATOMEAOUS EARTH TREATMENT USING HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND SULFURIC ACID ON KINETICS OF CADMIUM(II) ADSORPTION Nuryono Nuryono; Narsito Narsito
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this research, treatment of diatomaceous earth, Sangiran, Central Java using hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on kinetics of Cd(II) adsorption in aqueous solution has been carried out. The work was conducted by mixing an amount of grounded diatomaceous earth (200 mesh in size) with HCl or H2SO4 solution in various concentrations for two hours at temperature range of 100 - 150oC. The mixture was then filtered and washed with water until the filtrate pH is approximately 7 and then the residue was dried for four hours at a temperature of 70oC. The product was used as an adsorbent to adsorb Cd(II) in aqueous solution with various concentrations. The Cd(II) adsorbed was determined by analyzing the rest of Cd(II) in the solution using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effect of treatment was evaluated from kinetic parameter of adsorption rate constant calculated based on the simple kinetic model. Results showed that before equilibrium condition reached, adsorpstion of Cd(II) occurred through two steps, i.e. a step tends to follow a reaction of irreversible first order (step I) followed by reaction of reversible first order (step II). Treatment with acids, either hydrogen chloride or sulfuric acid, decreased adsorption rate constant for the step I from 15.2/min to a range of 6.4 - 9.4/min. However, increasing concentration of acid (in a range of concentration investigated) did not give significant and constant change of adsorption rate constant. For step II process, adsorption involved physical interaction with the sufficient low adsorption energy (in a range of 311.3 - 1001 J/mol).

CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE HUSK SILICA GRAFTED 4-VINYL PYRIDINE Irwan Ginting Suka; Wasinton Simanjuntak
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study was carried out to investigate the grafting of4-Vinyl Pyridine (4-VP) on silica prepared from rice husk, with the main aim to study wether the 4-VP grafted retains its characteristics. For this purpose, the grafted silica was analysed using FTIR spectroscopic method, followed by testing of the sample for solvent adsorption, Cu2+ adsorption from solution, and bacterial inhibitions, since 4-VP has been known to possess such properties. The FTIR analysis revealed that under the experimental conditions applied, the 4-PV was well grafted onto silica surface. The success of grafting was also supported by the results of solvent adsorption, which indicate the increase in adsorption capacity with increased percent of grafting and higher adsorption capacity toward polar solvent. The same supports are also provided by the ability of the sample to adsorp results of Cu2+ adsorption from solution, and the ability of the sample to inhibit the microorganism growth.

Growth of the (001) face of borax crystals Suharso Suharso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21813

The growth rates of borax crystals from aqueous solutions in the (001) direction at various relative supersaturations were measured using in situ cell optical microscopy method. The result shows that the growth mechanism of the (001) face of borax crystal at temperature of 20 °C is spiral growth mechanism.

EFFECT OF DE-tert-BUTYLATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION WITH AMINE GROUPS AT THE UPPER RIM OF p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE TO THE EXTRACTABILITY FOR Cr3+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ IONS Firdaus Firdaus; Jumina Jumina; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effects to the extractability forwards Cr3+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions of de-tert-butylation and functionalization with amine groups at the upper rim of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene had been studied by applied the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1), tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (2), and p-(amino)butoxycalixarene (3) compounds as extractants for the heavy metals ions. The extraction involved optimise of three parameters, i.e. pH, time, and concentration of extractants. The extraction degrees of the heavy metals ions at optimum conditions were compared each other to decide the effects. Compound 1 showed high extractability to Cr3+ and Pb2+ ions over Cd2+ ion, but compound 2 as the debutylated product of compound 1 showed low extractability to the all of the heavy metals ions. Compound 3 as product of etherification with butyl groups of the lower rim followed functionalization with amine groups of the upper rim of compound 1 showed high extractability to Pb2+, but low to Cr3+ and Cd2+. Pursuant to the facts it was concluded that debutylation of compound 1 to compound 2 causing decrease drastically of extractability to the heavy metals ions; functionalization of the upper with amine groups as ionophore (compound 3) causing increase of the extractability to Pb2+ ion and decrease of the extractability to Cr3+ with increasing of separation factor value β(Pb2+/Cr3+) from 1.74 by compound 1 to 48.00 by compound 3. By slope analysis, the extracted species and mechanisms of the extractions have been confirmed.

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