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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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TRANSPORT OF Cr3+, Cd2+, Pb2+, AND Ag+ IONS THROUGH BULK LIQUID MEMBRANE CONTAINING p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE –TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID AS ION CARRIER Maming Maming; Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The research on transport of Cr3+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Ag+ through bulk liquid membrane using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetracarboxylic acid as ions carrier has been conducted. The aims of this research were to determine optimum condition, efficiency, and selectivity of transport of the ions carriers to those ions. Both optimum condition and efficiency of transport were obtained by determination of transported ions concentration with pH variation of source phase, ionic carrier concentration, nature of stripping agent in target phase, and transport time. The transport selectivity of ions carrier was obtained from experiments of equimolar mixture ions transport competition. Amount of Cr3+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ag+ transported across liquid membrane were about 6, 80, 84 and 87 % respectively after being transported for 48 h. The ion carrier was selective for both Pb2+ ion (separation factors are 9.6 for Ag+ ion, 1.9 for Cd2+ ion and infinite for Cr3+ ion) and Ag+ ion (separation factors are 1.8 for Cd2+ and infinite for both Pb2+ and Cr3+ ions). This system represents a proton-coupled transport with flow of protons in the opposite direction.

SEPARATION OF Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), AND Pb(II) METAL IONS USING POLY(EUGENYL OXYACETIC ACID) AS AN ION CARRIER BY A LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT METHOD La Harimu; Sabirin Matsjeh; Dwi Siswanta; Sri Juari Santosa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) metal ions had been separated using poly(eugenyl oxyacetic acid) as an ion carrier by bulk liquid membrane transport method. The effect of pH, polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid ion carrier concentration, nitric acid concentration in the stripping solution, transport time, and metal concentration were optimized. The result showed that the optimum condition for transport of metal ions was at pH 4 for ion Fe(III) and at pH 5 for Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions. The carrier volumes were optimum with concentration of 1 x 10-3 M at 7.5 mL for Cr(III), Cu (II), Ni(II), Co(II) ions and at 8.5 mL for Fe(III) and Pb(II) ions. The concentration of HNO3 in stripping phase was optimum at 2 M for Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, 1 M for Cr(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions, and 0.5 M for Pb(II) ion. The optimum transport times were 36 h for Fe(III) and Co(II) ions, and 48 h for Cr(III), Cu (II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ions. The concentration of metal ions accurately transported were 2.5 x 10-4 M for Fe(III) and Cr(III) ions, and 1 M for Cu (II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions. Compared to other metal ions the transport of Fe(III) was the highest with selectivity order of Fe(III) > Cr(III) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Co(II). At optimum condition, Fe(III) ion was transported through the membrane at 46.46%.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CROSSLINKED POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAAM)-CARRAGEENAN HYDROGELS SUPERBASORBENT PREPARED BY GAMMA RADIATION Erizal Erizal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A series of superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared from acrylamide and carrageenan by gamma irradiation at room temperature. Carrageenan solutions with different concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) have been blended with 5% of acrylamide and irradiated at doses 20-40 kGy. The properties of the prepared hydrogel were evaluated in terms of the gel fraction and the kinetics swelling was studied. It was found that the incorporation only 2% carrageenan (kappa) with 5% acrylamide can produces an elastic hydrogel when irradiated with gamma rays up to 40 kGy. Under optimum conditions, poly(acrylamide)-carrageenan hydrogels with gel fraction ~ 60% and optimum swelling 250 g/g were prepared gamma radiolyticcally from aqueous solution containing 5% acrylamide and 2% carrageenan at the doses 20-40 kGy. The FT-IR spectra indicated that network of irradiated PAAM-carrageenan hydrogel was in the semi IPN structure. The hydrogels were also found to be sensitive to ionic strength of the medium, pH and temperature.

MOLECULAR MODELLING OF Mn+.[DBz16C5] COMPLEXES, M = Li+, Na+ AND Zn2+ BASED ON MNDO/d SEMIEMPIRICAL METHOD Harno Dwi Pranowo; Chairil Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effect of substituent on dibenzo-16-crown-5 (DBz16C5) and interaction between these crown ether with metal cations was evaluated using computational chemistry calculations. Substituens where are connected to the benzene ring on the DBz16C5 are -COOH, -Br, -COOC2H5, -CHO, -CH=CHCO2H, -CH=CHCO2C2H5 and -CH(OH)CH3. The analysis based on computational chemistry calculation using MNDO/d semi empirical method was done. The first step is structure optimization of crown ether followed by optimization of crown ether-metals cation complexes Mn+.[DBz16C5], where M is Li+, Na+ and Zn2+. Interactions of the crown ether and cation were discussed in term of the structure parameter of crown ether, atomic charges and energy interaction of the crown ether-metals cation. Electron donating groups increase the capability of crown ether to bind cation by means of induction effect, while electron withdrawing groups reduce the ability of crown ether to bind cation. Any substituent on the benzene in DBz16C5 which can be make the symmetrical form of the crown ether-metals cation complexes will increase the selectivity of the crown ether to bind the cation. Selectivity of the crown ether to bind cation also depends on the compatibility of the diameter of cation and cavity of crown ether. DBz16C5 has higher selectivity to bind the Na+ compare to the Li+ and Zn2+.

KINETICS OF PALM OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION IN METHANOL WITH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AS A CATALYST Yoeswono Yoeswono; Triyono Triyono; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study on palm oil transesterification to evaluate the effect of some parameters in the reaction on the reaction kinetics has been carried out. Transesterification was started by preparing potassium methoxide from potassium hydroxide and methanol and then mixed it with the palm oil. An aliquot was taken at certain time interval during transesterification and poured into test tube filled with distilled water to stop the reaction immediately. The oil phase that separated from the glycerol phase by centrifugation was analyzed by 1H-NMR spectrometer to determine the percentage of methyl ester conversion. Temperature and catalyst concentration were varied in order to determine the reaction rate constants, activation energies, pre-exponential factors, and effective collisions. The results showed that palm oil transesterification in methanol with 0.5 and 1 % w/w KOH/palm oil catalyst concentration appeared to follow pseudo-first order reaction. The rate constants increase with temperature. After 13 min of reaction, More methyl esters were formed using KOH 1 % than using 0.5 % w/w KOH/palm oil catalyst concentration. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) for reaction using 1 % w/w KOH was lower than those using 0.5 % w/w KOH.

SYNTHESIS OF MENTHOL FROM PULEGOL CATALYZED BY Ni/γ-Al2O3 Jamaludin Al Anshori; Muchalal Muchalal; Sutarno Sutarno
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of menthol using Ni/γ-Al2O3 15% has been carried out started from pulegol as precursor. Structure elucidation of the products was achieved by GC-FID, GC-MS, FTIR, and 1H-NMR evidences. Isomers identification and their stability were determined by computational simulation. All experimental results were compared to the available literature. Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation with precursor of Ni(NO3)2, followed by calcinations and reduction respectively. Characterization of the catalyst was performed by XRD and AAS. Synthesis was started by mixing pulegols with catalyst and then swirled it with hydrogen gas. Reaction temperature and duration were varied in order to obtain high yield with good selectivity. The results showed that the optimum condition of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalytic hydrogenation of pulegol was achieved at 180 °C for 8 hours. The conversion of pulegol to menthol was 89% with stereo selectivity of 71% to (-)-menthol.

UTILIZATION OF ACTIVATED ZEOLITE AS MOLECULAR SIEVE IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN FOR SEPARATION OF COAL TAR COMPOUNDS Dwi Retno Nurotul Wahidiyah; Bambang Setiaji; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Application of activated zeolite (ZAA) as molecular sieve to separate compounds of coal tar from vaccum fractional distillation, have been done. The size of zeolite was 10-20 mesh and used as solid phase in column chromatography with length of 30 cm. The first step of the research was coal pyrolisis and the product (tar) was distillated by fractional column and vaccum system at reduced pressure 44 cmHg and maximum temperature at 200 oC. The distillate from this procedure was flowed to the column chromatography of zeolite (ZAA). The compound absorbed by zeolite was eluted with varying solvents, i.e: CCl4, acetone and ethanol. Each fraction was then analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed, zeolite have a capability to separate the compounds of tar and it tends to absorb medium hydrocarbon. The nonpolar eluent [CCl4] gives the better result in eluting tar compound than polar (ethanol) or medium polar eluents (acetone).

DETERMINATION OF pH EFFECT AND CAPACITY OF HEAVY METALS ADSORPTION BY WATER HYACINTH (Eichhornia crassipes) BIOMASS Anis Shofiyani; Gusrizal Gusrizal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Effect of pH and determination of adsorption capacity of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) heavy metal ions on adsorbent prepared from Eichhornia crassipes (eceng gondok) biomass has been investigated. The influence of media acidity on the adsorption characteristics was carried out by determining ions adsorbed at various pH in the range of 2-10, while an adsorption isotherm model of Langmuir was used to estimate the capacity of adsorption. Results showed that Cu(II) was optimally adsorbed at the range pH of 5-6, Ni(II) at 2-4, while Pb(II) reached an optimum adsorption at pH 2-3. The adsorption data of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) for the adsorbent folowed quite well Langmuir isotherm model, confirmed that such chemisorptions involved on that process. The ions adsorption capacities (am) were 27.47, 16.69, and 15.04 mg/g for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II), respectively.

AMINO AND MERCAPTO-SILICA HYBRID FOR Cd(II) ADSORPTION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Buhani Buhani; Narsito Narsito; Nuryono Nuryono; Eko Sri Kunarti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Modification of silica gel with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane through sol-gel technique producing amino-silica hybrid (HAS) and mercapto-silica hybrid (HMS), respectively, has been carried out using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source. The adsorbents were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX). Adsorption of Cd(II) individually as well as its binary mixture with Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in solution was performed in a batch system. Adsorption capacities of Cd(II) ion on adsorbent of silica gel (SG), HAS, and HMS are 86.7, 256.4 and 319.5 μmol/g with the adsorption energies are 24.60, 22.61 and 23.15 kJ/mol, respectively. Selectivity coefficient (α) of Cd(II) ion toward combination of Cd(II)/Ni(II), Cd(II)/Cu(II), and Cd(II)/Zn(II) ions on HAS adsorbent is relatively smaller than those on HMS adsorbent which has α > 1.

OPTIMATION OF TIME AND CATALYST/FEED RATIO IN CATALYTIC CRACKING OF WASTE PLASTICS FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION USING Cr/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST Wega Trisunaryanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Optimation of time and catalyst/feed ratio in catalytic cracking of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction using Cr/Natural Zeolite catalyst has been studied.The natural zeolite was calcined by using nitrogen gas at 500 oC for 5 hours. The chromium supported on to the zeolite was prepared by ion exchange methode with Cr(NO3)3.9H2O solution with chromium/zeolite concentration of 1% (w/w). The zeolite samples were then calcined with nitrogen gas at 500 oC for 2 hours, oxidyzed with oxygen gas and reduced with hydrogen at 400 oC for 2 hours. The characterization of the zeolite catalyst by means of Si/Al ratio by UV-Vis spectroscopy, acidity with pyridine vapour adsorption and Na, Ca and Cr contents by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The catalyst activity test was carried out in the cracking process of waste plastics fraction with boiling point range of 150 - 250 °C (consisted of C12 - C16 hydrocarbons) at 450 oC for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min, and catalyst/feed ratio 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ¼ (w/w). The result of catalyst activity test showed that the maximum number conversion of gasoline fraction (C5-C11) is 53,27% with relatively low coke formation using 1/3 catalyst/feed ratio and the cracking time of 60 min.. This catalyst has Si/Al ratio = 1,21 (w/w) , acidity = 0,16 mmol/g and Na content = 0,81%, Ca content = 0,15% and Cr content 0,24%.

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