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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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EFFECTS OF DIETARY ADENINE ON GROWTH, LIPID SECRETION, AND LIVER LIPID CONTENT Yohanes Buang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effects of dietary adenine on growth, lipid secretion, and liver lipid contents were studied. Rats were paired-fed 0.25 % adenine diet or a diet without adenine for 10 days. The final body weight and relative liver weight were recorded. Serum lipid profiles were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A peach of liver was prepared to determine the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results showed that animals fed an adenine diet reduced slightly body weight and relative liver weight and promoted serum triglyceride (TG), phospholipids (PL), total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein concentrations. Their promotions were approximately by 74%, 20%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. The liver PL content increased significantly whereas the promotions of liver TG and cholesterol failed to reach significant level. Furthermore, the FAS activity slightly stimulated, but fatty acid β-oxidation significantly decreased. In conclusion: dietary adenine suppressed slightly growth of body weight and relative liver weight but promoted secretion of lipid compounds from liver tissue into extra-hepatic and liver PL content. The enzyme activity of lipogenic was slightly stimulated whereas the lipolytic was significantly inhibited.

INTERACTION OF IRON(II) MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES WITH DNA: BASE-PAIR SPECIFICITY AND THERMAL DENATURATION STUDIES Mudasir Mudasir; Karna Wijaya; Endang Tri Wahyuni; Hidenari Inoue
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A research about base-pair specificity of the DNA binding of [Fe(phen)3]2+, [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ and [Fe(phen)(dip)2]2+ complexes and the effect of calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) binding of these metal complexes on thermal denaturation of ct-DNA has been carried out. This research is intended to evaluate the preferential binding of the complexes to the sequence of DNA (A-T or G-C sequence) and to investigate the binding strength and mode upon their interaction with DNA. Base-pair specificity of the DNA binding of the complexes was determined by comparing the equilibrium binding constant (Kb) of each complex to polysynthetic DNA that contain only A-T or G-C sequence. The Kb value of the interaction was determined by spectrophotometric titration and thermal denaturation temperature (Tm) was determined by monitoring the absorbance of the mixture solution of each complex and ct-DNA at λ =260 nm as temperature was elevated in the range of 25 - 100 oC. Results of the study show that in general all iron(II) complexes studied exhibit a base-pair specificity in their DNA binding to prefer the relatively facile A-T sequence as compared to the G-C one. The thermal denaturation experiments have demonstrated that Fe(phen)3]2+ and [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ interact weakly with double helical DNA via electrostatic interaction as indicated by insignificant changes in melting temperature, whereas [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ most probably binds to DNA in mixed modes of interaction, i.e.: intercalation and electrostatic interaction. This conclusion is based on the fact that the binding of [Fe(phen)2(dip)]2+ to ct-DNA moderately increase the Tm value of ct- DNA

NANOSIZE STRUCTURE OF SELF-ASSEMBLY SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE: A STUDY BY SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS) Edy Giri Rachman Putra; Abarrul Ikram
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) investigation on the self-assembly sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules as a function of concentration and additives has been carried out. SANS spectrometer which has been completely installed at the neutron scattering laboratory (NSL) BATAN in Serpong, Indonesia has played most important role to determine the growth (size) and also the shapes of a micelle structure. In this works we report that spherical micelle structure with a radius of 16.7 Å will transform to ellipsoidal or rod-like micelle structure with the long axis extends up to 50 Å by increasing the concentration of SDS. Similar to that the micelle structures change by addition of salt in SDS micellar solutions. Keywords: nanostructure, micelle, self-assembly

IMMOBILIZATION OF HUMIC ACID ON CHITOSAN USING PROTECTED CROSS-LINKING REACTION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION AS SORBENT FOR Pb(II), Cd(II), AND Cr(III) Uripto Trisno Santoso; Dewi Umaningrum; Utami Irawati; Radna Nurmasari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Immobilization of humic acid (HA) on chitosan has been done by using a protected cross-linking reaction method and the product was then utilized as sorbent for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III). HA was cross-linked with chitosan by using glutaraldehyde in order to obtain sorbent insoluble in aqueous acidic and basic solution. Protection of the active sites of HA was carried out by interacting HA with Pb(II) before performing the cross-lingking reaction in order to maintain its adsorption capacity The result showed that the amount of immobilized HA on chitosan was 99.7% by weight. The solubility of the immobilized HA were < 0.5% at pH 6 and < 1.0% at pH 12. The amount of immobilized HA and its solubility indicated that the protection pretreatment did not interfere the cross-linking reaction between HA and chitosan. The adsorption capacity of the sorbent for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) were 416.7 mg/g, 332.3 mg/g, dan 714.3 mg/g, respectively.

LOWEST EXCITED STATES REORDERING IN (ARENE)M(CO)3, WHERE M = Cr or W, COMPLEXES Agus Abhi Purwoko; Alistair J. Lees
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A series of electronic spectral changes was observed when (arene)M(CO)3 complexes (where arene = benzene, chlorobenzene, phenyltrimethylsilane, acenaphthene, mesitylene, and M = Cr or W) were irradiated with 313 nm light in benzene solution at 298 K in the presence of excess pyridine. These photolysis were neatly leading to the formation of (arene)M(CO)2(py) without any interference from further net photoreaction or thermal reaction on the same time scale. The lower photoreactivity was exhibited by acenaphthene complex. The influences of ring substituents in these complexes and of entering ligands on their photoreactions are discussed in detail with respect to reordering of their electronic states.

SORPTION-DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR AVAILABILITY FROM THE SEDIMENT OF SEGARA ANAKAN ESTUARY Sri Noegrohati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Estuarine sediments are increasingly recognized as both a carrier and a possible source of heavy metals in pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The bioavailability of heavy metal from sediments, however, is a long-standing impediment of questions in determining the metal effects in ecosystems. The fraction considered as available heavy metal are both the dissolved heavy metal and the exchangable cations. The main objective of this study is to understand the extent of heavy metal availability from sediments in estuarine ecosystem. It was found that the availability of heavy metals, i.e. copper, zinc, cadmium, and mercury in the estuarine ecosystem investigated, are governed by the relative strength of the electrostatic attraction of their complexation to the ligands present both in the sediment and the overlaying waters. Under simulated estuarine ecosystem, it was observed that Cu and Zn prefer to form organo-complex through ligand exchange, while Cd and Hg tend to form chloro-complex through electrostatic interaction. Therefore, the availability of Hg and Cd is higher in more saline overlaying water. On the contrary, the availability of Cu and Zn is lower in more saline overlaying waters, as indicated by their respective water-sediment distribution coefficient, KD. Similar behaviour of heavy metal was observed in natural field conditions of Segara Anakan estuary. Due to the higher salinity of the overlaying water, the availability of Cd and Hg in dry season was higher than in wet season, while Zn was more available in wet season due to the higher input of organic matters from the inland. The patterns of heavy metal release from the sediment are consistent to that obtained in experiments of the undisturbed simulation, where highest release was obtained for Cd. Surprisingly, it was found that even though Cd was not detected in the sediment, higher level of Cd in water medium was observed in dry season, and Cu seems to retain in the sediment in both dry and wet seasons. Compared to the unextractable fraction, the extractable was very low, therefore Geloina sp. was used as biomonitor for dissolved Cd and Hg, and Zn in sediment. Generally, the heavy metal concentration in Geloina sp. was higher in dry season than in wet season, but no Cu uptake was detected. Therefore, the establishment of limit values of heavy metals in sediment is highly recommended.

PHOTODEGRADATION OF ALIZARIN S DYE USING TiO2-ZEOLITE AND UV RADIATION Karna Wijaya; Eko Sugiharto; Is Fatimah; Iqmal Tahir; Rudatiningsih Rudatiningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An investigation of Alizarin S photodegradation using TiO2-zeolite and UV radiation was performed. TiO2-zeolite was prepared by dispersing oligocations of titanium into suspension of zeolite. The suspension was stirred and then filtered to separate the solid phase from the filtrate. the solid phase was calcined by microwave oven at 800 Watt for 5 minutes to convert the oligocations into its oxide forms. The calcined product and unmodified zeolite were characterized using x-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence and gas sorption analysis methods to determine their physicochemical properties. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-zeolite was tested on Alizarin S solution using following method: 50 mg of zeolite was dispersed into 25 mL of 10-4 M Alizarin S. The dispersion was irradiated using 365 nm UV light at room temperature on various irradiation times, i.e. 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes. At certain irradiation time, the dispersion was filtered and the filtrate was then analyzed its concentration using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Characterization results exhibited that the formation of TiO2 on internal as well as external surfaces of zeolite could not be detected with x-ray diffractometry and FT-IR spectrophotometry, however determination of titanium using x-ray fluorescence analysis on the calcined product showed that the concentration of titanium was much higher than zeolite (0.22% on zeolite and 12.08% on TiO2-zeolite). Gas sorption analysis result indicated that the the calcination resulted in the increase of specific surface area (16,31 m2/g on zeolite and 100.96 m2/g on TiO2-zeolite) as well as total pore volume of calcined product (13.34 mL/Å/g on zeolite and 57.54 mL/Å/g on TiO2-zeolite). The result of photocatalytic activitiy study showed that ca 99 % of Alizarin S was degraded by TiO2-zeolite after UV irradiation for 60 min.

PREPARATION OF TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE POLYMER BY GRAFTING OF N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE (NIPAAM) ONTO SOLID WASTE CASSAVA Irwan Ginting Suka; Wasinton Simanjuntak
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 11, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In this study, cellulose prepared from solid waste of cassava industry was functionalized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) using grafting technique with the aid of cerium (IV) as initiator, to obtain temperature responsive polymer. In this research, several factors influencing the grafting process and the characteristics of the grafted polymer were investigated, including concentration of monomer and initiator, temperature, reaction time, and solvent used. The functionality of native and grafted cellulose was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopic technique and the response of grafted polymer toward temperature was evaluated with water absorption experiment. Increased concentration of both monomer and initiator was found to promote percentage of polymerization, and utilization of organic solvent was found to enhance the percentage of polymerization. From absorption experiment, it was found that the produced polymer was responsive toward temperature of its environment, as indicated by higher water adsorption at temperature of 5 °C compared to that adsorbed at temperature of 50 °C.

THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TERMOTOGA MARITIMA 4-α-GLUCANOTRANSFERASE AS THE TEMPLATE FOR SULOCHRIN AS α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS Rizna Triana Dewi; Yulia Anita; Enade Perdana Istyastono; Akhmad Darmawan; Muhamad Hanafi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Interaction of sulochrin to active site of glucosidase enzyme of Termotoga maritime has been studied by employing docking method using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), in comparison with those are reports of established inhibitor α-glucosidase such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose, and salicinol, as reference compounds. The crystal structure T. maritima α-glucanotransferase (PDB code: 1LWJ) can be employed to serve as the template in the virtual screening of S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase. The comparison between the binding pocket residues of Thermotoga maritima α-glucanotransferase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase show a high sequence identity and similarity. The result showed that sulochrin could be located in the binding pocket and formed some interactions with the binding residues. The ligands showed proper predicted binding energy (-6.74 - -4.13 kcal/mol) and predicted Ki values (0.011 - 0.939 mM). Sulochrin has a possibility to serve as a lead compound in the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitor.

A STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS OF VERATRYL CYANIDE REQUIRED AS AN INTERMEDIATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF C-9154 ANTIBIOTIC DERIVATIVE FROM VANILIN Ila Rosilawati; Jumina Jumina; M Muchalal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis of veratryl cyanide [1-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl acetonitril] required as an intermediate for the preparation of C-9154 antibiotic derivative was carried out. The starting material used was vanilin, while the reaction steps consisted of (1) methylation of vanilin, (2) reduction of veratraldehyde, (3) synthesis of veratryl bromide, and (4) treatment of this bromide with KCN. The analysis of the products was carried out using IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS spectrophotometers. The methylation of vanilin was conducted using dimethylsulfate and NaOH at 100 oC for 2 hours to give 79.3% yield of veratraldehyde. The reduction of veratraldehyde with LiBH4 in ethanol - THF mixture (1:1 v/v) at reflux for 4 hours afforded veratryl alcohol in 85.3% yield. This veratryl alcohol was treated with red phosphorous and Br2 in CCl4 at 60 oC for 2 hours to give 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane in 67.4% yield, instead of the desired veratryl bromide [1-3,4-dimethoxy)-phenyl bromomethane]. This benzyl bromide derivative was then treated with KCN in the presence of tween 80 as a phase catalyst transsfer in benzene-water solvent system at reflux for 2 hours to yield 1-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy)phenyl acetonitril in 58.5%.

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