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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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IN VIVO STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ROLE ON ANTIHYPERCHOLESTEROL ACTIVITY OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL Tri Joko Raharjo; Ariyani Setyo Widhiyati; Endah Mulya Asih; Sumiaty Sumiaty; Raden Tambunan; Ani Setyopratiwi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The role of phenolic compounds on antihypercholeserol activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been investigated. The in vivo studies ware carried out by treatment of two groups of Wistar white mouse (Ratus norvegicus) using high phenolic VCO and low phenolic VCO respectively, followed by analysis of lipid profile in blood and liver serum of the mouse. In addition a group of hypercholesterol mouse was treated with low phenolic VCO and the blood serum lipid profile was compared with untreated hypercholesterol mouse. The results show that phenolic compound play an important role on antihypercholesterol of VCO. Group of mouse treated with high phenolic VCO have better lipid profile (blood serum: total cholesterol: 70 mg/dL, triglyceride: 76 mg/dL, HDL: 20 mg/dL, LDL: 35 mg/dL; liver serum: total cholesterol:7 mg/dL, triglyceride: 19 mg/dL) compared with the group treated with low phenolic VCO (blood serum: total cholesterol: 82 mg/dL, triglyceride: 100 mg/dL, HDL: 21 mg/dL, LDL: 41 mg/dL; liver serum: total cholesterol: 9 mg/dL, triglyceride: 34 mg/dL). Hypercholesterol mouse tests shown that low phenolic VCO treatment result in decreasing of blood serum cholesterol level by 52.10% which was not significantly different compared to untreated mouses (decreasing of blood serum cholesterol level by 48.61%).

CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF PURE SQUALENE BY USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY Dosis Undjung
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this research was to produce pure Squalene using the Chromatography Column of Continuous System, so that it will be applicable in home industry. The raw material was a Shark caught from the sea water in Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan. The result of this research concludes that the Column Chromatography of Continuous System in the experiment was able to produce pure Squalene with the level of purification of 79.89 % out of raw material was as long 180 minutes, by the elution speed of 4 mL per minute, and the eluen (liquid of the raw material) needed was as much as 900 mL, the solution lost (2 % of dietil eter in benzene) during the process was 2.04 %, the temperature in the heater tube was 110 oC, the number of the Silica gel G 40 types as what so-called solid phase in this process to purify 90 g of raw material was 90 g, and the amount of the solution remained in the pure Squalene was 1.5 ppm. Column Chromatography of Continuous System may be applicable in home industry to produce pure Squalene from Shark Liver Oil, the materials and equipment for this activity can be easily found as they are available in markets. A further analysis is needed to find out of contained compound for its further use.

ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS INORGANIC ELEMENTS FROM WATER BY USING ORANGE WASTE Katsutoshi Inoue
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pectic acid contained in some fruits like orange and apple is natural chelating polymeric material, exhibiting excellent adsorption behavior for some cationic metal ions including toxic heavy metals such as lead and copper. In addition, it also exhibits excellent adsorption behavior for some hazardous inorganic anionic species like phosphorus, arsenic and fluoride by loading some high valence cationic metal ions like zirconium(IV) in advance.For the practical application to the removal of these hazardous inorganic elements from various waste water at cheap cost, orange juice residue was employed instead of pure pectic acid. Orange juice residue just after juicing was activated by saponification with small amount of calcium hydroxide to prepare the sorbent.Some hazardous cationic species like lead(II), copper(II) and cadmium(II) were effectively adsorbed on this sorbent, while toxic anionic species like phosphate, arsenate, arsenite and fluoride were also effectively adsorbed on zirconium(IV)-loaded sorbent.

THE EFFECT OF HEATING TIME TO THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS AND VITAMIN A IN CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) AND CEARA-RUBBER (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) LEAVES Madalena Madalena; Heriyanto Heriyanto; Susanti Pudji Hastuti; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Cassava and ceara-rubber leaves are leavy vegetables that can not be consumed in raw form because they contained cyanide, therefore cooking process is needed to remove the cyanide. However cooking process cause the changes of the content of pigments and vitamin A. The aims of the research are to know and to compare the effect of heating time to the content of pigments and vitamin A in cassava and ceara-rubber leaves. Content of chlorophyll and carotenoid was analized base of Porra and Lichtenthaler equations, respectively, while pheophytin content was analyzed base on HPLC. The result shown that the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and vitamin A of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves were reduced, while the content of pheophytin was increased during heating. Pheophytin was the main product degradation of chlorophyll during heating of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves.

ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE INDIRECT RISK OF NATURALLY OCCURING MERCURY AND CADMIUM THROUGH Mugil Sp. AND Geloina sp. CONSUMPTION IN SEGARA ANAKAN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM Sri Noegrohati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Estuarine ecosystem of Segara Anakan is located in south coast of Central Java, shielded from Indian Ocean by Nusakambangan island. The ecosystem of Segara Anakan estuary, Central Java, Indonesia, is influenced by fresh water inflow from Citanduy river basin and Indian sea water mostly by tidal actions through the western opening. The runoff materials continuously entering Segara Anakan from Citanduy catchment area, which geologically consist of weathering products of quarternary volcanic rocks from Galunggung mountain, West Java. Therefore various natural heavy metal contaminants are bound to the estuarine sediments, redistributed and accumulated within the ecosystem. In the present work, the effects of environmental stresses to mercury and cadmium abiotic distribution, and their availability to biotic ecosystems were studied, and consumers indirect risk assesment was carried out. In the laboratory scale studies on the distribution of mercury and cadmium in an estuarine simulation of water-field sediment, it was observed that the metal distribution coefficient decreases as the salinity and the acidity of the medium increases. Monitoring results confirmed that the highest levels of Hg and Cd in water and sediment samples were obtained in dry season. Consequently, the highest levels of Hg and Cd in biotic ecosystem, represented by Mugil sp. and Geloina sp., also obtained in dry season. The body burden of Hg in people of Segara Anakan villages, as indicated by the levels in hair and mother milk samples, taken at the end of the study (dry season 2004), were relatively low, but the levels of Cd in mother milk samples were significantly higher than that of control samples of Jogyakarta (P = 0.05). Consequently, the risk quotient for babies were exceeding the FAO/WHO PTWI. Based on the risk assessment carried out for babies and adults, at the present time it is advisable to consume Mugil sp. and Geloina sp., taken in wet season only and not in dry season.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF (1)-N-(4-METHOXYBENZYL)-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE Ruslin Hadanu; Sabirin Mastjeh; Jumina Jumina; Mustofa Mustofa; Mahardika Agus Widjayanti; Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide from 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde as starting material and evaluation of its antiplasmodial activities have been carried out. The 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared from 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reagent and ethanol absolute solution. The mixture was refluxed for 3 h. To yield colorless dilution compound with 90.41 % in efficiency. Furthermore, bromination of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol with phosphorus bromide (PBr3) was conducted by refluxing for 3 h. The product of this reaction was yellow liquid of 4-methoxybenzyl bromide, 79.03% yield and 95.34 % purity. The final step of reaction was benzylation of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate with 4-methoxybenzyl bromide reagent. It was conducted by refluxing in aceton for 8 h at 55 oC. The yield of the reaction was (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide (77.63%). It is pink solid form, and its melting point is 192-193 oC. Identification of the product was carried out by means of GC-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectrometers. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity on chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain and chloroquine sensitive P. falciparum D10 strain for (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide were determined by microscopic method. The result showed that after 72 h incubation, it has IC50 0.93±0.02 µM and 1.21±0.09 µM, respectively.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESOPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATES Al-MCM-41 AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS THERMAL, HYDROTHERMAL AND ACIDITY STABILITY Suyanta Suyanta; Narsito Narsito; Endang Tri Wahyuni; Triyono Triyono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis and characterization of mesoporous aluminosilicates Al-MCM-41 and the investigation of its thermal, hydrothermal and acidity stability have been done. Al-MCM-41 were synthesized by hydrothermal method to the mixture of sodium silicate as Si source, aluminium hydroxide as Al source, sodium hydroxide as a solvent, and cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. The reaction were carried out in alkaline condition (pH = 10.2) at 383 K for about 24 h, followed by calcination at 723 K for about 10 h. The synthesized crystals were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 fisisorption methods. The result showed that Al-MCM-41 sample with hexagonal structure was formed, it has a good in thermal and acid stability, but the structure disintegrated in an alkaline solution (pH = 10) and in boiled water.

FIRST-ROW TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF OMEPRAZOLE AS ANTI-ULCERATIVE DRUGS Suman Malik; Supriya Das; Bharti Jain
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Omeprazole (OME) is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). PPIs have enabled to improve the treatment of various acid-peptic disorders. OME is a weak base and it can form several complexes with transition and non-transition metal ions. In the present paper, we are describing series of transition metal complexes of omeprazole i.e., 5-methoxy-2[(4methoxy-3, 5dimethyl-2-pyridinyl) methylsulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole with CuII, MnII, CoII, NiII, FeII, ZnII andHgII. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, NMR, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible spectral studies, ESR, SEM and X-ray diffraction. Based on the above studies, the ligand behaves as bidentate O, N donor and forms coordinate bonds through C=N and S=O groups. The complexes were found to non-electrolytic in nature on the basis of low values of molar conductivity. Analytical data and stoichiometry analysis suggest ligand to metal ratio of 2:1 for all the complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal octahedral geometry for Mn(II),Co(II), Ni(II),Fe(II) and Cu(II) complexes and tetrahedral for Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Ligands and their metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against bacteria Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Aspergillus niger and A. flavous.

EFFECT OF THE REDUCTION TEMPERATURE INTO CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF Ni SUPPORTED BY TiO2, AL2O2 AND TiO2/AL2O3 FOR CONVERSION CO2 INTO METHANE Hery Haerudin; Wihatmoko Waskitoaji; Usman Usman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nickel catalysts, containing 6% (w/w) of nickel, have been prepared using TiO2, Al2O3 and mixture of TiO2-Al2O3 (1:9). The catalysts were used for CO2 conversion into methane. The characteristics of catalysts were studied by determination of its specific surface area, temperature programmed reaction technique and X-ray diffraction. The specific surface area were varied slightly by different temperature of reduction, namely after reduction at 300°C it was 39, 120 and 113 m2/g and after reduction at 400°C it was 42, 135 and 120 m2/g for 6% nickel catalysts supported on TiO2, Al2O3 and mixture of TiO2-Al2O3 (1:9) respectively. Temperature program reaction studies (TPO and TPR) showed that NiTiOx species were possibly formed during the pretreatments which has shown by the shift of its peak to the lower temperature on Ni catalyst, that supported on mixture of TiO2-Al2O3 compared with catalysts supported on individual TiO2 or Al2O3. The nickel species on reduced Ni catalysts supported on TiO2 and on mixture of TiO2-Al2O3 could be detected by X-ray diffraction. The catalyst's activities toward CH4 formation were affected by the reduction temperature. Activity for CH4 formation was decreased in the following order: Ni/ TiO2 > Ni/ TiO2: Al2O3 > Ni/ Al2O3 and Ni/ TiO2: Al2O3 > Ni/ TiO2> Ni/ Al2O3, when catalysts were reduced at 300°C or 400°C respectively. The CO2 conversion was decreased in the following order: Ni/ Al2O3 > Ni/ TiO2: Al2O3 > Ni/ TiO2 when catalysts were reduced at 300°C or 400°C respectively.

SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF COPPER (II) ION BY FATTY HYDROXAMIC ACIDS IMMOBILIZED ONTO AMBERLITE XAD – 4 RESIN Dedy Suhendra; W. M. Z. Wan Yunus; Md. Jelas Haron; Mahiran Basri; Sidik Silong
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A method of copper (II) ion preconcentration and separation from other ions by using a column containing fatty hydroxamic acids - loaded Amberlite XAD 4 resin (FHA-Amb) is described. Several factors, which affect the separation and preconcentration efficiency such as pH, sample volume, and concentration of eluent and flow rate, have been investigated. A quantitative recovery of copper (II) ion from FHA-Amb resin column was obtained using 10% HNO3 solutions as eluent with a preconcentration factor of 60. A method for separation of Cu(II) from Zn(II) and Cd(II) is proposed. A rapid sample throughput, a clean separation, a high preconcentration factor and simplicity are the main advantages in these analytical procedures.

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