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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTRACTION TEMPERATURE ON THE RENDEMENT AND PECTIN METHOXYL CONTENTS OF WATERHYACINTH (Eichornia crassipes (Mart) Solms) Ika Daniarsari; Nurul Hidajati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of the extraction temperature on the rendement and pectin methoxyl contents of waterhyacinth with the applied temperatures ranged from 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C.The stages of this research involve extraction, precipitation, washing and drying. The pectin produced was, then, identified by reacting it with water, ethanol 96 %, NaOH and spectrophotometer IR. Its product was, then, compared to the comparing pectin. To determine the methoxyl contents, the acid - base titration was used. The resulting data were analysed and tested using One Direction Anava with SPSS 10.0 program. From the quantitative used by this study, pectin was produced. This is shown by the gel-formation. The rendements produced with the extraction temperatures of 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C were 0,428 %; 0,487 %; 0,629 %; 0,774 % and 0,958% respectively. While its methoxyl contents were 3,879 %; 3,993 %; 4,413 %; 3,573 % and 2,837 %. Based on the analysed data, it was found that the treatment with the extraction temperature gives a significant influence on the rendement and pectin methoxyl contents of waterhyacinth.

THE EFFECT OF PVC-BASED MEMBRANE COMPOSITION AND Zn(II), Cd(II) AND Pb(II) INTERFERING IONS TO Hg(II) ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE) PERFORMANCE BY USING DBA218C6 IONOPHORE Abd. Wahid Wahab
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effect of PVC (Polyvinylchloride)-Based Membrane Composition to Ion Selective Electrode (ISE)-Hg(II) Performance using Ionophore DBA218C6 (N,N'-Dibenzyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclo octadecane), Plasticizer NPOE (Nitrophenyl Octhyl Ether), Anionic Site KTCPB (Potassium Tetrakis (4-chloro phenyl) borate) have been performed. Membrane compositions used were:(a) PVC (30 mg), NPOE (60 mg), DBA218C6(6 mg) and KTCPB (4 mg); (b) PVC(30 mg), NPOE (60 mg), DBA218C6(7 mg) and KTCPB (3 mg); (c) PVC (30 mg), NPOE (59 mg), DBA218C6 (8 mg) and KTCPB( 3 mg). The concentration range of interference ions Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 1.0 x 10-3 - 1.0 x 10-1 M. ISE-Hg(II) performance for membrane composition of 30 : 60 : 6 : 4 was 26.34 mV per decade (Nernstian Slope value) on Hg(II) concentration range of 1.0x10-6 - 1.0 x 10-1 M , membrane composition of 30 : 60 : 7 : 3 was 27.71 mV per decade on Hg(II) concentration range of 1.0 x10-6 - 1.0 x10-1 M, and membrane composition of 30 : 59 : 8 : 3 was 28.52 mV per decade on Hg(II) concentration range of 1.0 x10-6 - 1.0 x10-1 M with activity between pH 1.0-3.0. The concentration of interference ions : Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the range of 1.0 x 10-3 - 1.0 x 10-1 M with the ratio of the primary ion to interference ions of 4 : 1 gave real effect. As results, selectivities and sensitivities between ISE-Hg(II) and Ionophore DBA218C6 could be determined by PVC-Based Membrane Composition and the effect of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) interference ions was observed in the concentration of 1,0 x10-3 - 1,0 x10-1 M.

SYNTHESIS OF THIOMETHYLATED CALIX[4]RESORCINARENE BASED ON FENNEL OIL VIA CHLOROMETHYLATION Suryadi Budi Utomo; Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Mustofa Mustofa; Naresh Kumar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 11, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A research has been conducted to synthesize thiomethylated-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene using fennel oil as a starting material. The synthesis was carried out in four steps i.e. (1) oxidation of anethole to yield p-anisaldehyde, (2) HCl-catalyzed condensation of p-anisaldehyde with resorcinol, (3) chloromethylation of C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene with paraformaldehyde and HCl in the presence of ZnCl2 to yield tetrakis-chloromethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene, and (4) reaction of tetrakis-chloromethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene with thiourea followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide solution to yield tetrakis-thiomethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene. The prepared compounds were characterized based on melting point, FT-IR, and NMR spectrometers. According to the analysis of 1H-NMR spectrometer, C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene and tetrakis-chloromethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene were observed in the chair or flattened partial cone conformation, while tetrakis-thiomethyl-C-4-methoxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene tend to exist in the crown or cone conformation.

FRAGMENTATION STUDIES OF D6,7-ANHIDROERITROMISIN-A BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY (LC-MS) Khairan Khairan; Umar A. Jenie; Retno S. Sudibyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Semisynthesis of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A was done by biomodification technique by addition of 0.2% INH into a culture fermentation of Saccharopolyspora erythraea ATCC 11635 in medium Hutchinson. The aim of this research is to studies of fragmentation pattern from new matabolite of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) and the ionization of mass spectroscopy is use by ESI (Electrospray Ionization) pattern. The FT-IR spectrometric analyzes showed a stretching vibration of C=C conjugated group at wave number 1602.7 cm-1. This C=C conjugated vibration indicated the existence of double bond between C6 and C7 (D6,7), this confirmed that isolate contained D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A (the possibility of D6,7 was positive). For complementation, a LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) analyzes using ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectroscopy) ionization pattern was conducted to the isolate which resulted Quassimolecular ions [M+H]+ of D7,8- and D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A. LC-MS spectrogram of the isolate, which gave two peaks of m/z 732.2460 and m/z 716.2522, confirmed that the m/z 732.2460 possibly was D7,8-Anhydroerythromycin-A, while the m/z 716.2502 and m/z 715.2522 possibly were D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A.

THERMAL EFFECT OF COCONUT CREAMS ABILITY TO ADSORB CALCIUM(II) Fatmawati Tahir; Ani Setyopratiwi; Sri Sudiono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 2, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Study of thermal effect of coconut cream's ability to adsorb Ca (II) has been done at various temperatures of 49 oC, 59 oC and 80 oC. The adsorption study was performed to check capacity, energy and rate of adsorption by varying the number of initial concentration of CaCl2 bounded on coconut protein. This research was also done to determine number of Ca (II) in the coconut protein using the salt addition and elicits reaction methods. The result showed that adsorption ability tends to increased with the increase of temperature). Coconut cream heated at 59 oC adsorb Ca(II) with the highest adsorption capacity of 3.98 mg/g and K = 3.48x104 mol-1. The salt addition method on the coconut cream gives more Ca (II) than elicit reaction method. The first method gives 0.01137 mol/L and the second was 0.02845 mol/L. Based on the energy of adsorption, cream without heating had 20.59 kJ/mol as a physical adsorption and heating effect at temperatures 49 oC, 59 oC and 80 oC had 24.95; 28.87 and 24.87 kJ/mol respectively as a chemical adsoprtion with the rate of adsorptions of 0,0054; 0,0510 dan 0,3. 10-4 minute-1, respectively.

OXIDATION OF BENZYLIC SECONDARY ALCOHOL WITH PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE-ALUMINA (PCC-Al2O3) Hanoch J. Sohilait
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In these studies, Pyridinium chlorochromate-Alumina was used for oxidation of secondary alcohols (safryl alcohol and methyleugenyl alcohol) to ketone. The oxidation of safryl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3 followed by purification by potassium bisulfite yields safryl ketone (62,92%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3, followed by purification by potassium bisulfite yields methyleugenyl ketone (68,04%). The elucidation of these products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS.

BENZYLIDENE CYCLOPENTANONE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF RAT LIVER GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effect of the curcumin analogues, 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene) cyclopentanone (B1) and two of its derivatives on m class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from phenobarbital-induced and uninduced rat liver cytosol has been studied to elucidate their anti-inflammatory activity. GST activity was monitored spectrophotometrically using 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene. B1 was the most potent inhibitor of GSTs, both in uninduced and in phenobarbital-induced rat liver cytosol. These inhibitory properties might be explained as part of the anti-inflammatory activity of benzylidene cyclopentanone derivatives (B1 and B12).

TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR OF Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), AND Ag(I) IONS THROUGH BULK LIQUID MEMBRANE CONTAINING p-tert-BUTYLCALIX[4]ARENE–TETRADIETHYLACETAMIDE AS ION CARRIER Maming Maming; Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo; Keisuke Ohto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The study on the transport behavior of Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Ag(I) through bulk liquid membrane using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetradiethylacetamide as ions carrier has been conducted. The aims of this work are to determine the optimum condition, efficiency, and transport selectivity of the carriers for those ions. Both optimum condition and transport efficiency were obtained by determination of the concentration of transported ions with variation of the source phase pH, ion carrier concentration, the nature of decomplexant agent in the receiving phase, and transport time. The transport selectivity of the ion carrier was obtained from the ions competition transport experiments. The amount of Cr(III), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ag(I) transported across liquid membrane were 11.6, 25.5, 39.5, and 42.1% respectively. The ion carrier is selective for Cd(II), Pb(II), Ag(I), and strongly depends on the nature of decomplexant agent as well as transport mechanism. The remarkable selectivity was shown by the ion carrier to Ag(I) when the transport process was carry out under high concentration of acid in the source phase.

The Multielectrodes Oscillation System Studied by Irreversible Thermodynamics Eko Suhartono; Djaka Sasmita; RHA. Sahirul Alim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Oscillation process that occurs in a system may be formed from non linear dynamic phenomena that far from equilibrium. Mechanism of oscillation in a chemical reaction system such as Belousov-Zhabotinski (B-Z) reaction is quite complex. For that reason, in order the irreversible thermodynamics that far from equilibrium can be more easily understood, the generation of oscillation in a system is tried to be investigated in this study. In this case, the author attempts to come up at the oscillation process coming from the potential difference between the couple of Pb and PbO2 electrodes which are parallel arranged to from eight channels in the solution of sulfuric acid with certain concentrations. The measurements of potential difference from PbllPbO2 electrode, i.e., from the eight channels all together, were done by the use of an interface connected to a computer and it worked with time interval of one second for the time duration of 5 hours. The data were then automatically recorded. Non periodic waves which were resulted from all channels have wave forms which are triangular and square. Oscillation process occurred in each channel of a couple of PbIIPbO2 electrodes can be compared with the process of spreading of action potentials that occur in nerve cells.

EVALUATION OF RE-USED HPTLC PLATE FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Lestyo Wulandari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The eficiency chromatography of HPTLC plate is better than conventional TLC plate but it more expensive. Due to the higher price of HPTLC plate compare to conventional TLC plate, the application of ";re-used"; HPTLC plate has been tested. After being used for analyzing samples, the plates were developed again with the mobile phase, then dried for 60 min before using for the next measurement. The qualitative chromatography profile showed that ";re-used"; HPTLC plate has less contaminant than new HPTLC plate and the RSD of the precision quantitative testing of the plates reused three times showed a value > 2%.

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