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Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 08536384 EISSN : 25025066 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada are published to promote a critical review of the various investigative issues of interest in the field of fisheries between the researchers, academics, students and the general public, as a medium for communication, dissemination, and utilization of wider scientific activities.

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Articles 460 Documents

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STUDI POTENSI DAN DINAMIKA STOK IKAN LEMURU (Sardinella lemuru) DI SELAT BALI SERTA ALTERNATIF PENANGKAPANNYA Daduk Setyohadi
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 11, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The research was conducted at Bali Straits on April to September 2007. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate potential sustainable yield (MSY) and total allowable catch (TAC); (2) to estimate status and potential exploitation; and (3) to make some scenario of the alternatives fisheries management. Catch-effort data time series was taken from Fisheries Statistics Report of Bali. The data analysis was performed by using holistic models as stated by Walter & Hilborn (1976) and Schnut (1977). The result of this research showed that the potential sustainable reserve of oil sardine (Be); MSY and TAC were 208,152.2; 23,447.9 and 18,758.3 ton year-1, respectively. Exploitation rate was equal to 105% yr-1, it means the exploitation status of the oil sardine was over exploited. The scenario of this fisheries management of purse seine should be maintained at 24 unit yr-1, the potential sustainable reserve will reach 207,000 ton in year 2020 and the MSY will be increased twice.

SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPICAL SHORT-FINNED EEL Anguilla bicolor bicolor OF THE SEGARA ANAKAN WATERS, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Hagi Y. Sugeha; Irwan Jatmiko; Sahri Muhammad
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 11, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A total of 289 specimens of tropical short-finned ell (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) was collected from Segara Anakan in May, September, October and November 2004. Basic biological information including body weight (BW) and total length (TL), gonad morphology, gonad somatic index (GSI) and eye index (EI) among collecting specimens were examined in order to understand their sexual development. It was found that Anguilla bicolor bicolor from Segara Anakan were greatly varied in body weight (10-900 g) and total length (19-78 cm), suggested their occurred in different like stages (young to adult ell). Based on gonad morphology it was found that sexual development of the species could be separated into four groups namely: female (17.6%), male (48.1%), intersex (32.2%) and developed (2.1%). GSI were 0-3 in female, 1-9 in male, 0-4 in intersex and 2-7 in undeveloped. EI were 3-10 in female, 1-7 in male, 2-8 in intersex and 1-4 in undeveloped. Positive relationship was found between EI and BW and TL of the species in each sexual development, but no correlation between GSI and BW and TL, except for female. Different from temperate eels that bigger in GSI and EI, suggested earlier sexual maturation in the tropical in the temperate.

PENGARUH EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE TERHADAP PRODUKSI PERIKANAN TANGKAP (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN PASURUAN, JAWA TIMUR) Nuddin Harahab
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 11, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Coastal reasorces as mangrove has high supporting effort as water organisms life. The existence of mangrove will give beneficial effect for fish catching productivity in their area. The aims of this research were to obtain informations of fish catching development, and correlation between mangrove ecosystem and fish catching productivity. This reasearch were used descriptive method based on regression and correlation analysis. Any kinds of data that were used in this research were primary data on observation and interview, also secondary data of fish catching productivity and mangrove area from Marine and Fisheries Department, Forestry, and Body of Environmental Management, Pasuruan. The result showed that fish catching productivity in Pasuruan over 15 year period has a slight increase or almost at level off. Then, it showed that mangrove area has significant effect and closely related with shrimps and shells productivity.

FOOD HABITS OF THE YELLOW RASBORA, Rasbora lateristriata, (FAMILY: CYPRINIDAE) BROODFISH DURING MOVING TO SPAWNING GROUND Djumanto Djumanto; F. Setyawan
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 11, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this research was to clarify the food habits of yellow rasbora (Rasbora Iateristiata) when moving into spawning site during spawning season. Specimens of yellow rasbora were collected between July and August, 2007 from spawning site surveys during spawning season in their natural environment which run yearly from April to August. There were 628 individual fish collected from spawning ground, and 30 of them were selected to analyze the gut content. Samples were preserved in alcohol solvent until identified their gut content in laboratory.The results showed that yellow rasbora broodfish fed plankton continuously both in the day and night while moving into the spawning site. Percent Index of Relative Importance values indicated the most important prey items of yellow rasbora were phytoplankton (68.43%), and then zooplankton (29.79%), leaf cut (0.02%), little caterpillar (0.01%), insect larva (0.15%), and unidentified items (1.60%), respectively. Chrysophyta and protozoa was found the most dominant of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the gut content, respectively. Based to the ratio between gut length and total length, and the feeding mode, R. lareritriata is categorized to an omnivorous feeder.

POLA SEBARAN HORIZONTAL DAN KERAPATAN PLANKTON Di PERAIRAN BAWEAN Djumanto Djumanto; Tumpak Sidabutar; Hanny Pontororing; Reinhard Leipary
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 11, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objectives of this research were to find out the horizontal distribution patterns, the density and species dominancy of plankton in Bawean waters, Gresik regency. Sampling was done using RV Baruna Jaya VIII on 29-30 April 2009. There were 12 stations for sampling, which arranged latitude 3 stations to the north and longitude 4 stations to the east with the distance of 8 and 12 miles, respectively. Water samples were collected using Kitahara net for phytoplankton and Norpac net for zooplankton by filtering from bottom to surface. The density of plankton for each station was measured base on their biovolume bases, namely settlement for phytoplankton whereas water replacement for zooplankton. Genus of plankton was identified for each station.The results showed that the highest density of phytoplankton was found in the northern part and was decreased towards the south, while the highest zooplankton was found in the middle area. The density of phytoplankton was distributed homogeneously, while zooplankton was distributed randomly. The density of biomass phytoplankton ranged from 0.294-3.985 ml/rn3 and an average wasl.598 ml/m3. The density of biomass zooplankton ranged from 0.05-0.24 ml/m3, and an average was 0.122 ml/m3. The ratio of biovolume between phytoplankton and zooplankton ranged from 3:1-31:1 with an average was 13:1. The individual density of phytoplankton ranged from 15,843 - 1,755,694 individual/m3, while zooplankton was between 861-29,362 individual/m3. In the phytoplankton was found as much as 34 genus, and there were 5 genus which their populations were abundantly, namely Caetoceros, Skeletonema, Rizosolenia, Pleurosigma and bacteriostratum with percentage of 25,34%, 24,45%, 13,84%, 10,68% and 8,10%, respectively. The biology index of phytoplankton, namely diversity (H) ranged from 1.11-2.22, uniformities (E) ranged from 0.50- 1.00, and dominancy (D) ranged from 0.16 - 0.50. in the zooplankton was found 65 genus, and there were 5 genus of their populations was abundantly, that was Ceratium, Calanus, Cetocerelia, Agalma and Fritillaria with percentage 22.26%, 17.10%, 6.96%, 6.92% and 5.21%, respectively. The diversity index of zooplankton ranged from 1.83 - 2.56, uniformities ranged from 0.791.00, and dominancy ranged from 0.12-0.23. The population forming of phytoplankton and zooplankton were very assorted and dynamic.

DETEKSI VIRUS PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KERDIL PADA BENIH UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DENGAN MULTIPLEKS PCR Sriwulan Sriwulan; Hilal Anshary
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Fenomena penyakit kerdil pada udang monodon yang umum dikenal sebagai monodon slow growth syndrome (MSGS) telah dilaporkan menyebabkan kerugian yang signifikan terhadap produksi udang di banyak negara termasuk Indonesia. Sindrom pertumbuhan yang lambat dari P. monodon disebabkan karena infeksi virus, monodon baculovirus (MBV), infection hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) dan hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis terjadinya infeksi virus yang dikaitkan dengan gejala pertumbuhan lambat serta untuk mengukur prevalensi infeksi virus benih udang di Sulawesi Selatan, khususnya di Kabupaten Takalar, dengan menggunakan teknik deteksi multipleks PCR (MPCR). Teknik multipleks PCR merupakan teknik yang relatif baru yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi secara bersamaan lebih dari satu agen virus dalam satu tabung reaksi. Dalam penelitian ini, 3 pasang primer spesifik digunakan untuk proses amplifikasi IHHNV, MBV dan HPV. Setelah melakukan optimasi beberapa kali pada suhu annealing, deteksi virus ini dengan teknik MPCR pada benih udang menunjukkan bahwa ketiga virus, sebagai agen penyebab MSGS, ditemukan pada tempat penetasan yang diamati. Produk PCR IHHNV terbaca di 302 bp, MBV pada 261 bp dan HPV pada 595 bp. Prevalensi infeksi IHHNV, MBV dan HPV masing-masing adalah 50%, 62% dan 44%. Prevalensi dari ketiga virus dianggap tinggi dan bisa menjadi sumber penularan virus di tambak udang tanpa seleksi benih yang tepat.

EXTRACT OF Sargassum echinocarpum ALLEVIATES OXIDATIVE STRESS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS Muhamad Firdaus
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Oxidative stress occured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ability of Sargassum echinocarpum to ameliorate the oxidative stress after treatment with streptozotocin was investigated in rats. Adult male rats were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/kg of streptozotocin to produce experimental oxidative stress characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia was observed in blood serum after 10 days of streptozotocin treatment. There were a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxide (GPx) and a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of diabetic rats. It indicated that there were an increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. Providing S. echinocarpum extract for 90 days on diabetic rats significantly improved the oxidative stress evidenced by a decreasing of MDA serum level and an increasing SOD, CAT and GPx activities than streptozotocin-treated rats. These results showed that the extract might improve the clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus and decrease the oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. This effects appear to be due to its antioxidant properties.

REKAYASA MIKROORGANISME INISIATOR PERIFITON PADA KOLAM BUDIDAYA IKAN TILAPIA DENGAN PEMBERIAN KONSORSIA MIKROORGANISME UNGGUL Ngesti Yuhana; Agus Irianto; Hendro Pramono
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Budidaya dapat memberikan masalah kepada lingkungan karena limbah dari sisa pakan dan kotoran serta bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam prosesnya. Pakan alami telah diterapkan sebagai alternatif untuk mengurangi dampak budidaya dan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem. Alternatif tersebut dapat ditempuh dengan menggunakan kolam berbasis perifiton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan komposisi mikroalga pada perifiton setelah dilakukan inisiasi menggunakan enam mikroorganisme unggulan, mengetahui bagaimana enam mikroorganisme tersebut mempengaruhi kualitas air, daya hidup enam mikroorganisme inisiator dalam memanipulasi perifiton dan kemampuan antibakteri perifiton terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila dan Streptococcus iniae. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dan semua data dianalisis secara deskriptif-komparatif dengan membandingkan kontrol dengan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua spesies ditemukan di kolam perawatan yang tidak ditemukan dalam kontrol kolam, yaitu Fragillaria sp. dan Eunotia sp. Coleochaete sp. juga ditemukan berlimpah dalam kolam perlakuan dengan jumlah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kolam kontrol. Hasil pengujian kualitas air menunjukkan kualitas air kolam perlakuan sama baiknya dengan kolam kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian enam mikroorganisme inisiator tidak meningkatkan kualitas air. Keenam mikroorganisme yang direisolasi dari perifiton menunjukkan jumlah koloni yang beragam. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroorganisme tersebut dapat bertahan dan bersaing dengan mikroorganisme alami di perifiton. Hasil pengujian ekstrak kasar perifiton menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri terhadap A. hydrophila dan S. iniae.

KASUS INFEKSI ALAMI: DIAGNOSA STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE DARI JARINGAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) MENGGUNAKAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Lila Gardenia; Isti Koesharyani; Yani Aryati
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Streptococcus agalactiae merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab streptococcosis pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Pada pertengahan tahun 2010, telah terjadi kasus kematian dengan tingkat mortalitas tinggi pada budidaya ikan nila di tambak bersalinitas rendah di Karawang-Jawa Barat. Diagnosa agen penyebab penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction dengan menggunakan pasangan primer spesifik Sdi252 dan Sdi61. Umumnya, identifikasi pathogen (bakteri) dengan teknik PCR dilakukan dengan menggunakan koloni bakteri sebagai bahan ekstraksi. Namun pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi DNA langsung dari jaringan ikan yang menunjukkan gejala terinfeksi bakteri tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapat informasi berupa jenis organ target S.agalactiae yang dapat digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi DNA bakteri. Sampel ikan sebanyak 3 ekor diambil jaringannya (otak, hati, limfa, dan ginjal) untuk diekstraksi dengan metoda pemanasan. Pita positif pada 192 bp diperoleh dari otak (2/3), hati (2/3), limfa (3/3) dan ginjal (2/2). Sebagai kontrol digunakan isolat bakteri dari masing-masing otak ikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-4 organ dapat digunakan sebagai sumber DNA untuk identifikasi bakteri S.agalactiae, namun limfa yang menunjukkan hasil yang paling konsisten pada ke-3 ikan sampel.

KARAKTERISASI EDIBLE FILM DARI GELATIN KULIT NILA MERAH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PLASTICIZER SORBITOL DAN ASAM PALMITAT Gandhi E. Julianto; Ustadi Ustadi; Amir Husni
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan gelatin edible film menggunakan kombinasi campuran sorbitol dan asam palmitat sebagai plasticizer. Gelatin diperoleh dari kulit kering nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan perendaman dalam larutan CH3COOH 0,1 N, pH 3 selama 24 jam lalu diekstraksi pada suhu 80oC selama 3 jam. Analisis proksimat gelatin menunjukkan kadar air 5,06%, kadar abu 0,45%, lemak 7,84%, kadar protein 85,703%, rendemen 29,76%, kekuatan gel gelatin nila merah bernilai 301,6 bloom, dan viskositas 6,97 cPs. Gelatin edible film dibuat dengan melarutkan 3 g gelatin dalam 100 ml aquades pada suhu 60oC lalu ditambahkan 2 jenis plasticizer dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Plasticizer yang ditambahkan pertama kali untuk membuat edible film adalah sorbitol, penambahan sorbitol (0-37,5% dari berat gelatin) bertujuan memperoleh sifat fisik edible film yang cocok sebagai pembungkus. Hasil observasi karakteristik terbaik edible film sebagai pembungkus diberikan oleh konsentrasi sorbitol 37,5%, dengan nilai ketebalan 0,1203x10-3m, renggang putus 13,1598 Mpa, dan perpanjangan 4,864%. Formula edible film penambahan plasticizer sorbitol 37,5% dikombinasi dengan asam palmitat (0-1,5% dari berat gelatin) yang bertujuan meningkatkan sifat hidrofobik edible film. Penambahan asam palmitat efektif menurunkan nilai kelarutan edible film (P<0,05) namun tidak efektif dalam mengurangi nilai transfer uap air (P<0,05).

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