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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Volume 25 No.2 August 2025" : 5 Documents clear
Functional Properties of Heat-Moisture-Treated Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) Flour for Instant Porridge Application Livia Tadius, Melissa; Arum Anugrahati, Nuri; J.N Parhusip, Adolf
Reaktor Volume 25 No.2 August 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.2.47-57

Abstract

Instant porridge, usually made from high glycemic index rice flour, can be substituted with arrowroot flour, which has a lower glycemic index. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) can enhance the water absorption capacity of arrowroot flour. The research aims to determine the effect of HMT temperature and time on the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of arrowroot flour, to identify the optimal HMT conditions based on water absorption capacity, and to determine the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of instant arrowroot porridge with the selected HMT treatment.   The HMT method was conducted at temperatures of 100°C, 110°C, and 120°C for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The experimental design is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme, with three replications per treatment. The preliminary stage involves the production of arrowroot flour, the primary research phase I involves the modification of arrowroot flour using HMT, and the primary research phase II involves the production of instant arrowroot porridge. The experiment was limited to a laboratory scale due to equipment capacity, especially the oven used for HMT, which restricted batch size and may affect scalability. The results showed that HMT can increase yield, water absorption capacity, total dietary fiber content, and resistant starch content, while decreasing moisture content, total carbohydrate content, and glycemic carbohydrate. The selected HMT arrowroot flour treatment was at 110°C for 60 minutes with the highest water absorption capacity (2.11 g/g). The characteristics of instant arrowroot porridge include 11.03% moisture content, 2.32 g/g water absorption capacity, 2.69 ml/g rehydration capacity, 25.89 seconds/g rehydration time, 70.70% total carbohydrate content, 6.60% dietary fiber content, 64.10% glycemic carbohydrate, and 5.62% resistant starch content. This study shows that HMT-modified arrowroot flour could be a healthier alternative to rice flour in food products, offering a lower glycemic index. The improved functional properties, such as higher water absorption and more dietary fiber, make it suitable for products like instant porridge, which can help people manage blood sugar levels.
Incorporating silica synthesized from rice husk ash into a calcium oxide catalyst for biodiesel production Alhanif, Misbahudin; Mustafa, Mustafa; Kumoro, Andri Cahyo; Wahyono, Yoyon; Zaim, Hanif Fawwaz; Zahra, Nurul Afifah
Reaktor Volume 25 No.2 August 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.2.58-69

Abstract

Biodiesel represents a promising renewable energy alternative to either substitute or be blended with conventional diesel, offering advantages such as a high cetane number, reduced sulfur (SOx) and CO₂ emissions, and greater environmental sustainability. The application of calcium oxide (CaO) as a basic catalyst in biodiesel production has been extensively reported. However, its catalytic performance is limited by its sensitivity to moisture, which can negatively affect the reaction rate. In addition, some of the Ca2+ ions in the catalyst can dissolve in the mixture of biodiesel and glycerol, causing product contamination. This study aims to combine a CaO catalyst from marble powder with sulfonated silica (SiO2) from rice husk ash (RHA) to enhance the distribution of catalyst particles, reduce crystallinity, and increase the surface area of the catalyst. This study was conducted through chemical and thermal activation of SiO2 from RHA, sulfonation of SiO2, thermal activation of CaO from marble powder waste, and impregnation of CaO/SiO2 catalyst with variations in CaO/SiO2 composition (25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%). The results showed that the purity of SiO2 and CaO obtained through chemical and thermal activation was 93.67% and 99.13%, respectively. The sulfonation process on SiO2 successfully added –SO3 groups at 36.5%, which supported the formation of acid sites on the catalyst. Characterization showed that the surface morphology was composed of particles measuring 2–8 µm with a dominant amorphous structure. The addition of SiO2 gave rise to new crystal peaks but decreased the crystal intensity, especially at the 50%:50% composition. The composition of CaO/SiO2 at 75%:25% showed the best physical properties with a surface area of 22.24 m²/g, a pore volume of 65.29 mm³/g, and a pore diameter of 11.74 nm, indicating high potential as a bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel esterification–transesterification.
Composite Encapsulating Agent for NaFeEDTA Microencapsulation Using Spray Drying Method Handayani, Noer Abyor; Aryanti, Nita; Haryani, Kristinah; Hargono, Hargono; Adina, Alifia Rizki; Yuliani, Sari; Adristy, Vania Zulfa
Reaktor Volume 25 No.2 August 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.2.%p

Abstract

Iron microencapsulation is one of the solutions to protect iron from reacting with other substances that result in quality declines of fortified food products. The coating materials used should be appropriate for the specified encapsulation process. This study combined glucomannan and maltodextrin as coating materials and added HPMC as an additive to encapsulate NaFeEDTA. The results showed that such a combination could increase the encapsulation efficiency. The morphologies of the resulting microcapsules obtained from four formulations applied in this study were identical; numerous wrinkles appear on the particle’s surfaces due to the presence of HPMC. All formulations had a narrow size distribution with an average particle size between 105 and 111 µm, thermal resistance up to a temperature of ± 200°C, and the same functional groups but with different intensities. The NaFeEDTA included in all formulations had a bioavailability value of 2.3 - 2.9%. The best formulation, based on the gastrointestinal digestion simulation, was shown by the formulation with a glucomannan:maltodextrin ratio of 2:3 (in 1% w/v coating material) with a release percentage of 64.28% in SGF solution and an increase of 2.27% in SIF solution. To prevent anemia, ± 400 mg of iron microcapsules resulting from the best formulation in this study are required to meet 75% of the daily intake.
Sulfonated Polysulfone/PEG/Halloysite Nanotube Hybrid Tight-Ultrafiltration Membranes for Treatment of Industrially Contaminated Raw Water Okinawa, Jessica Enis; Agustin, Diva Amerya; Annisa, Rani; Putri, Tiara Ariani; Aryanti, Putu Teta Prihartini
Reaktor Volume 25 No.2 August 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.2.%p

Abstract

The quality of river water in Indonesia predominantly falls below the established standards for clean water, including the Citarum River in West Java. Despite the associated health risks, many residents in the river basin continue to utilize this water for their daily needs. This study aims to develop tightly structured ultrafiltration membranes (tight-UF) capable of treating contaminated raw water into clean water. The tight-UF membranes were fabricated using sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf, 20% by weight), blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG400, 20% by weight), and halloysite nanotube additives (HNT, 1-2% by weight) in a solvent mixture of acetone and dimethylacetamide (Ac/DMAc). SPSf was synthesized using a sulfonation technique involving immersion in sulfuric acid at concentrations of 70% and 98%. The findings indicate that increasing the acetone concentration decreases the porosity and increases the membrane skin thickness. Additionally, the inclusion of HNT up to 2% resulted in reduced membrane selectivity due to particle agglomeration. The optimal formulation was identified at concentrations of SPSF/PEG400/HNT/Ac of 20/20/1/5% by weight, yielding a rejection rate of 98.57% and a flux of 63.45 L/m².h at 98% SPSF. These results underscore the potential of tight-UF membranes for applications in clean water treatment from contaminated water sources.
Synthesis of Sorghum Starch–PVA/Gelatin Bioplastics Reinforced with Sorghum Stem Cellulose Nanofibers via Blend Ratio Tailoring Darni, Yuli; lismeri, lia; Ginting, simparmin br; Setiawan, Aris
Reaktor Volume 25 No.2 August 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.25.2.%p

Abstract

This study aims to synthesis of sorghum starch–PVA/gelatin bioplastics reinforced with sorghum stem cellulose nanofibers through blend ratio tailoring in order to obtain bioplastics with properties comparable to LDPE. The mass ratios of sorghum starch to PVA/gelatin are varied at 9:1 and 8:2 (g/g), with a composition of 70% sorghum starch and 30% PVA. The nanofiber filler variations are 0 g, 0.1 g, and 0.2 g. Both starch and gelatin are sieved to 200 mesh. In the bioplastic fabrication process, glycerol concentration is set at 10% (w/w), with a stirring time of 35 minutes, gelatinization temperature of 95 °C, and stirring speed of 375 rpm. The analyses include tensile strength testing, elongation testing, functional group analysis using FTIR, morphological observation with SEM and TEM, and structural characterization with XRD. The best performance is achieved at a sorghum starch-PVA:gelatin mass ratio of 8:2 (g/g) with 0.2 g of nanofiber filler. The resulting bioplastic exhibits a tensile strength of 13.91 MPa, elongation of 3.00%, Young’s modulus of 4.63 MPa, water absorption of 1.8%, and density of 0.52 g/ml.

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