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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 527 Documents
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PENGOLAHAN PRIMER LIMBAH TEKSTIL DENGAN ELEKTROKOAGULASI Lieke Riadi; Whenny Ferydhiwati; Liok Dimas Sanjaya Loeman
Reaktor Volume 15, No.2, OKTOBER 2014
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (402.993 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.2.73-78

Abstract

Limbah industri tekstil di area pinggir kota Surabaya mempunyai karakteristik perbandingan COD dan BOD = 5.57. Limbah jenis ini sulit untuk dibiodegradasi. Studi ini mempelajari tekonologi elektrokoagulasi untuk mengolah limbah tekstil dengan menurunkan intensitas warna, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Percobaan batch pada suhu kamar dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pH, jarak elektroda terhadap penurunan warna,TSS dan COD dan membandingkan biaya operasinya jika menggunakan pengolahan kimia.Effisiensi penurunan tertinggi untuk warna (91.96%),  TSS (49.17%), dan COD (29.67%) terjadi pada pH awal 4.0 dan jarak elektroda 2 cm dengan  elektroda Al/Al. Waktu optimum penurunan intensitas warna dalah 10 menit. Laju penurunan COD adalah : -dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056 , dengan C adalah konsentrasi COD. Jumlah sludge yang dihasilkan daripengolahan elektrokoagulasi  3.4 % lebih kecil dibandingkan menggunakan bahan kimia. Biaya yang digunakan untuk pengolahan dengan elektrokoagulasi 52.35 % lebih murah dibandingkan jika menggunakan koagulasi dengan bahan kimia ( tawas). Kata kunci : elektrokoagulasi, penurunan warna, penurunan TSS, laju degradasi COD, imbah tekstil Abstract Waste water from textile industry which is located in one suburb of Surabaya city as characteristic which the ratio of COD to BOD was 5.57. This type of waste water is difficult to be biodegraded. This study investigated elektrokoagulasi technology to treat textile waste water by removing color, total suspended solid, and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Batch experiment at room temperature was carried out to study the effect of pH, electrode distance for color, TSS and COD removal. This study also tried to compare the operation cost between elektrokoagulasi and chemical processes. The best removal efficiencies by Al electrodes was 91.96 % for color, 49.17 % for TSS and 29.67 % for COD which were under initial pH 4.0 and electrodes distance 2 cm. The optimum operation time for color removal was  found 10 minutes.The COD degradation rate was - dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056, with C= COD concentration. Sludge result from elektrokoagulasi was 3.4 % less than that by chemical treatment.The operation cost for elektrokoagulasi is 52.35 % less than that for chemical coagulation. 
Pengaruh Metoda Preparasi Terhadap Aktivitas Katalis Nikel Dengan Penyangga Titania D Sondari
Reaktor Volume 6 No. 1 Juni 2002
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2919.103 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.6.1.44-47

Abstract

Preparasi katalis logam aktif nikel dengan bahan penyangga titania dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode impregnasi, sol-gel dan ko-presipitasi dengan kandungan logamaktif 20; 22,5 dan 25% berat. Dari hasil uji aktivitas katalis menggunakan reaktor skala 20 ml menunjukkan bahwa metode  sol-gel memberikan aktivitas yang paling maksimal dengan terjadinya penurunan bilangan iodium dari 60,98 menjadi 41,31 dan luas permukaan spesifik maksimal 18,65 gr/m2 pada konsentrasi 22,5%. Dari analisa pola difraksi sinar-X pada metoda sol-gel, tampak adanya oksida logam nikel pada 2Ө = 43,27 yang intensitasnya paling rendah disbanding dua metoda lain, impregnasi  dank ko-presipitasi. Puncak logam nikel teridentifikasi pada 2Ө = 44,50 menunjukkan adanya logam aktif nikel Ni (100) walaupun intensitasnya masih rendah, telah menyebabkan luas permukaan spesifik katalis pada metoda sol-gel lebih besar daripada metoda impregnasi dank o-presipitasi. Kata kunci : katalis, penyangga, impregnasi, sol-gel, ko-presipitasi, metoda, altivitas
KOEFISIEN TRANSFER MASSA PADA PROES EKSTRAKSI KAYU MANIS (CINNAMOMUM BURMANNI ) Faleh Setia Budi; Setia Budi Sasongko
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (272.372 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.4.232 – 238

Abstract

Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antiseptis, pewangi/peningkatan cita rasa untuk menyegarkan bau sabun, deterjen, lotion, parfum, dan cream. Pengambilan minyak atsiri kayu manis pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksana teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konstanta kesetimbangan ekstraksi kulit kayu manis serta mempelajari pengaruh diameter pengaduk dan kecepatan putar pengaduk terhadap nilai koefisien transfer massa dan juga nilai difusivitas efektifnya. Setiap 40 gram kayu manis yang telah dihaluskan dan diayak dengan ukuran tertentu diekstraksi dengan 200 ml n-heksana teknis pada labu leher tiga dengan pengaduk magnetik selama 150 menit pada suhu 55°C. Setiap 25 menit diambil cuplikan untuk dianalisa kadar minyaknya dengan cara penimbangan. Data-data konsentrasi solut dalam solven dari penelitian diolah lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan nilai Kc dan De dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial parsial menggunakan metode Finite Difference Approximation cara implisit dan optimasi 2 peubah menggunakan minimasi Hooke-Jeeves. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah harga Kc naik sebanding  dengan kenaikan  kecepatan  putar pengaduk dan diameter pengaduk, sedangkan harga De yang diperoleh relatif tetap, sehingga dapat diperoleh hubungan persamaan kelompok tak berdimensi Sh =  4,8136 x 10-3 .Re 0,6716  dengan kesalahan relatif rara-rata 2,620%.
Treatment Of Tofu Industry Wastewater Using Bioreactor Anaerobic-Aerobic And Bioball As Media With Variation Of Hidraulic Retention Time Ariani Dwi Astuti; Dewi Intania Ayu
Reaktor Volume 19 No. 1 March 2019
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (544.39 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.19.1.18-25

Abstract

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth
Studi Kinetika Hidrolisis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Dengan Proses Fermentasi Padat Menggunakan Jamur Aspergillus niger Fitri Nur Kayati; Siti Syamsiah; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Sutijan Sutijan
Reaktor Volume 16 No.1 Maret 2016
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (632.293 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.16.1.1-8

Abstract

Kinetic of hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) by Solid State Fermentation using Aspergillus niger is studied. Hydrolysis of OPEFB to simple sugars using Aspergillus niger as raw material for other products is a potential alternative of bioconversion of lignocellulose. Formulating the kinetics of hydrolysis during solid substrate cultivication is useful for effective scale up of this technology as well as for better understanding of the process. The aim of this study was to develop kinetics models to describe the solid state fermentation of OPEFB. First, OPEFB were ground and classified by size using screen, with size range of : -30+40 mesh, -40+80 mesh and -80 mesh. It turned out that the proposed based on first order reaction kinetics model can quantitatively describe the process reasionally well. Furthermore, the values of the parameters involved in the kinetics models for each size for OPEFB particle were also obtained. The smaller the particle, the larger the hydrolysis reaction rate constant would be. It means that the rate of hydrolysis increases by the reduction of the particle size. Meanwhile, the sugars consumption rate constant decreases also by the reduction of OPEFB particle size. The highest concentration of simple sugars produced in this experiment was 7,847 g/L. Kata kunci : kinetic, Aspergillus niger,solid state fermentation, OPEFB, particle sizeHidrolisis tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menjadi gula sederhana dengan menggunakan jamur Aspergillus niger merupakan alternatif biokonversi lignoselulosa yang potensial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model kinetika untuk mendiskripsikan proses fermentasi padat dengan bahan baku TKKS. Tahap pertama, TKKS digiling dan dikelompokkan sesuai ukuran dengan menggunakan ayakan,  dengan variasi ukuran antara -30+40 mesh, -40+80 mesh dan -80 mesh. Model kinetika yang telah disusun didasarkan pada reaksi orde satu. Model tersebut dapat menggambarkan secara kuantitatif proses fermentasi tersebut. Selain itu, nilai – nilai parameter dalam kinetika reaksi untuk setiap ukuran partikel juga akan diperoleh dari model tersebut. Semakin kecil ukuran partikel, semakin besar pula konstanta kecepatan reaksi hidrolisis. Sebaliknya konstanta konsumsi gula menurun seiring dengan penurunan ukuran partikel TKKS. Konsentrasi gula sederhana tertinggi yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 7,847% g/L.   Kata kunci: kinetika, Aspergillus niger, fermentasi padat, TKKS, ukuran partikel  
Effect Of Operating Conditions On Steady-State Behavior Of Activated Sludge In Phenolic Waste Water Treatment B. T. Basuki
Reaktor Volume 09 No.1 Juni 2005
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6185.767 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.9.2.41-49

Abstract

Steady-state behavior of activated sludge in phenolic waste water treatment was observed and theoretically considered. The apparatus used in  this experiment was a continuous perfect mixing tank where activated sludge was withdraw continuosly and auto-returned from a settling tank. To explain the data well, it must be taken into  consideration that activated sludge consist of various species of microorganisms. Therefore, ecosystem and whole metabolism of activated sludge would be effected not only by environmental condition (pH, temperature, DO,etc.), but also by operating variables (dilution rate, inlet substrate concentration, etc.). In this study, the relation of whole metabolism of activated sludge between the case which activated sludge is regarded as various species of microorganisms was obtained. Seven empirical parameters in the kinetic equation which were introduce from the predator-prey interaction model were considered to be a function of various operating variables. By using this method, steady-state behavior of activated sludge in the ohenolic waste water treatment could be well explained, moreover, important information to design a practical process for phenolic waste water treatment with activated sludge was obtained.Keywords : phenolic waste water treatment, activated sludge, effect of operating conditions, predator-prey interaction model, kinetic model
ANALISIS SOLITON PADA GELOMBANG HIDRODINAMIKA BERDASARKAN PERSAMAAN MAXWELL NAVIER-STOKES Nugroho G. Nugroho; Biyanto T.R. Biyanto
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.42-45

Abstract

Formulasi solition berdasarkan persamaan Maxwell Navier-Stokes dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan aplikasi dari penelitian ini merupakan aplikasi dari peneltian sebelumnya mengenai  penciptaan soliton pada persamaan gelombang secara umum yang kali ini ditrapkan pada gelombang hidrodinamika. Solusi persamaan gelombang diubah ke dalam bentuk deret dan diubah dalam bentuk soliton. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bentukan persamaan gelombang dari medan-medan kecepatan u, vorticity  w dan vektor X. dari formulasi didapatkan bahwa pada kasus satu dimensi, gelombang soliton dapat dihasilkan dalam term linier untuk vektor X. Demikian juga dengan persamaan gelombang untuk medan kecepatan u dan vorticity w akan memberikan hasil yang sama dengan vektor X dalam kasus perambatan satu dimensi spatial diikuti momentum Bernoulli yang harus sama dengan satu, namun pernyataan tersebut tidak berlaku untuk orde dimensi spatial yang melebiho satu, walaupun pada perambatan satu dimensi sekalipun .
MODEL KESETIMBAGAN ADSORPSI Zn+2 DENGAN KALOIN A. Fadli; Komalasari Komalasari; M. S. Amir; d R. Sari; R. Siburian
Reaktor Volume 08 No.2 Desember 2004
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2820.402 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.8.2.59-62

Abstract

Kaolin merupakan salah satu mineral yang d apat digunakan sebagai adsorben. Kaolin yang digunakan untuk menjerap logam berat Zinc (II) berasal dari Daerah Sincalang Provinsi Riau. Kaolin dihancurkan dan diayak hingga berukuran -200+240 mesh. Kaolin direndam dalam 0,1 M NaOH selama 24 jam. Kemudian kaolin dimasukkan ke dalam larutan Zinc (II) dan dianalisa menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). Sampel diambil setiap 15 menit. Variabel yang dipelajari adalah temperatur antara 30˚C - 50˚C dan konsenttasi antara 40 - 120 ppm. Data adsorpsi dianalisa dengan model Freundlich and Langmulir yang diusulkan secara legresi linier. Dari hasil analisa diperoleh bahwa model Freundlich adalah model yang cocok untuk mendiskripkan mendiskripsikankesetimbangan adsorpsi. Dari model Freundlich diperoleh nilai konstanta kesetimbangan; K = 2.6503 pada temperatur 30 ˚C .Kapasitas Jerap (Q ) akan meningkat jika temperatur adsorpsi dinaikkan pada konsentrasi Zn (II) 120 ppm. Temperatur adsorpsi mempengaruhi secara signifikan kapasitas adsorpsi Kata kunci : Adsorpsi Zn (II); model; kesetimbangan;kaolin
PENINGKATAN KECERAHAN PADA PROSES SINTESIS SURFAKTAN NONIONIK ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA (APG) BERBASIS TAPIOKA DAN DODEKANOL Februadi Bastian; Ani Suryani; Titi Candra Sunarti
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (366.217 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.2.143-150

Abstract

Alkylpolyglycosides (APG) is a nonionic surfactant that has been getting some green labels such asEcocert, EU Eco-flower and Green Seal as an environmentally friendly surfactant. Sugar is the mainraw material which is supplied the hydrophilic group, and fatty alcohol as hydrophobic group. Someundesirable compounds formed during the APG production and caused low quality. The aim of thisresearch to increase the quality and performance of APG, by controlling its process. Addition 0-10%of activated carbon and 0-0.3% of NaBH4 in APG pre-purification process; 2% (w/w) of H2O2, 35%and 500 ppm of MgO in the bleaching process were examined to process high quality and highperformance of APG. The best APG was obtained from purification step by addition 0% of activatedcarbon and 0.2% of NaBH4, with the characteristics of clarity of 59.02(%T); the ability to reducesurface and interfacial tensions at 1% concentration were 61.94% and 95.6% respectively; 81.71%of stability of emulsion, 62.5% of foam height and stable up to 315 minutes. Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) merupakan surfaktan nonionic yang telah mendapatkan beberapa greenlabel seperti Ecocert, EU Eco-flower Green Seal dan sebagainya sebagai surfaktan yang ramahlingkungan. Bahan dasar APG yaitu gula untuk membentuk gugus hidrofiliknya dan fatty alcoholuntuk membentuk gugus hidrofobiknya. Permasalahan dalam produksi APG adalah timbulnya warnagelap yang tidak dikehendaki yang menyebabkan penurunan mutu APG. Tujuan dari penelitian iniyaitu untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kinerja dari APG. Untuk meningkatkan kecerahan APG, makasebelum dilakukan proses destilasi dilakukan penambahan arang aktif 0-10% serta NaBH4 0-0,3%.Pada proses pemucatan ditambahkan 2% (b/b) H2O2 35% dan MgO 500 ppm. Hasil terbaik yaitupenambahan arang aktif 0% dan NaBH4 0,2% dengan karakteristik kecerahan 59,02(%T);kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan dan antar muka pada konsentrasi 1% sebesar 61,94%dan 95,6%; kestabilan emulsi 81,71%, tinggi busa 62,5% dan umur busa 315 menit.
FOULING BEHAVIOR OF MODIFIED CELLULOSE ACETATE ASYMMETRIC MEMBRANES FOR DIFFERENT BRACKISH WATER TREATMENT Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; B Budiyono; Eva Sofiana; Ulfah Nurul Aulia Rochyani; Dani Puji Utomo
Reaktor Volume 17 No.1 Maret 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.232 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.1.43-52

Abstract

Water treatment technology which is being widely developed is membrane technology as an alternative technology with sieving mechanism principle.The main purposes of this research are to investigate the effects of additives and thermal treatment on the cellulose acetate membrane morphology and performance in treating brackish water.The membrane was fabricated by preparation of dope solution consits of cellulose acetate and acetone. The membrane was casted via NIPS method using mechanic casting knife. Dope solution was prepared by varying the PEG concentration of 1 and 5wt-% and the annealing temperature at 60°C and 25°C for 10 seconds. The backwash technique was used to solve fouling mechanism in this system .The results of SEM and FTIR showed that theb higher PEG addition to the dope solution resulted in larger membrane pore size and increase the hydrophilic properties of membrane. However the higher temperature and the longer annealing timg, the skin layer of membrane become denser. The result was also shown that back wash technique can reduced fouling phenomenon in the membrane. 

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