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INDONESIA
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
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Articles 134 Documents
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Lingkar Pinggang, Kadar Glukosa Darah, Trigliserida dan Tekanan Darah pada Etnis Minang di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat Fasli Jalal; Nur Indrawaty Liputo; Novia Susanti; Fadil Oenzil
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2008:MMI Volume 43 Issue 3 Year 2008
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Abstract

Waist circumference, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride and blood pressure amongst the Minangkabau in Padang Pariaman, West SumateraBackground: The abnormality of waist circumference together with serum triglyceride blood sugar and blood pressure are associated with metabolic syndrome. The increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome is in line with the increasing of central obesity. This study was done to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and the relationship between waist circumference with other components of metabolic syndrome which are serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, plasma glucose and blood pressure.Methods: The study was done amongst the Minangkabau in Padang Pariaman. Design of the study was cross sectional study. The study subjects were 92 chosen by multistage random sampling. Characteristic of the samples and food consumption were collected by interviewing. Waist circumference was measured using method that is recommended by WHO (1995). Blood samples were taken to measure lipid profile and plasma glucose. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer.Results: The result of the study showed 22.8% of the subjects had metabolic syndrome with high intake of energy, carbohydrateand cholesterol, and low intake of fiber and omega 3. Eighty seven percent and 12.5% of women and men had high waist circumference. A positive association were found between waist circumference and serum triglyceride, blood glucose and blood pressure, however no correlation was found with HDL-cholesterol.Conclusions: Waist circumference is an important indicator for metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, triglyceride, blood sugar and blood pressureABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Lingkar pinggang yang berlebihan adalah salah satu komponen dalam Sindroma Metabolik (SM) bersama dengan tingginya kadar serum trigliserida, glukosa darah, dan tekanan darah. Peningkatan kejadian SM sejalan dengan peningkatan obesitas sentral. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh gambaran kejadian SM dan hubungan lingkar pinggang dengan komponen SM lainnya, yaitu kadar trigliserida, HDL-kolesterol, glukosa darah, dan tekanan darah.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat Minang di Padang Pariaman dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan multistage random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 92 orang. Pengumpulan data karakteristik dan konsumsi dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengukuran lingkar pinggang dilakukan dengan cara yang direkomendasikan WHO tahun 1995, juga dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah guna pengukuran profil lipid dan glukosa plasma, sedangkan pengukuran tekanan darah sistolik-diastolik menggunakan sphygmomanometer.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menemukan 22,8% responden ternyata menderita SM, dengan asupan energi tinggi, karbohidrat tinggi, serat rendah, kolesterol tinggi dan asupan omega 3 rendah. Delapan puluh tujuh persen responden wanita dan 12,5% pria memiliki lingkar pinggang besar dari normal. Ditemukan korelasi positif antara lingkar pinggang dengan kadar trigliserida, kadar glukosa plasma dan tekanan darah, namun tidak terhadap kadar HDL-kolesterol.Simpulan: Lingkar pinggang merupakan satu indikator penting penanda Sindroma Metabolik.
Risk Factors for Mortality in Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) Catharina Suharti; Tatty E Setiati; Eric CM Van Gorp; Robert J Djokomoeljanto; Moeljono S Trastotenojo; Jos WM van der Meer van der Meer; Wil MV Dolmans
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2009:MMI VOLUME 43 ISSUE 5 YEAR 2009
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Abstract

Background: Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is the most severe form of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and has a high mortality. There are two major pathological changes in DHF determining the severity of disease, plasma leakage and bleeding. Cytokines released during the immune response to dengue virus have been thought to be mediators of the process.Methods: The study involved 50 children with DSS, of whom 13 (26%) died. We investigated which clinical signs and laboratory findings are related to mortality.Results: We found that gastrointestinal bleeding and bilateral pleural effusion were significantly more frequent in non-survivors than in survivors (p<0.02 and p=0.0006, respectively). Also, mean admission levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis, respectively, were significantly higher in non-survivors (p=0.004 and p=0.0006, respectively). In regression analysis, bilateral pleural effusion and admission levels of TATc were significantly associated with mortality (p=0.007 and p=0.048, respectively).Conclusions: Our data provide evidence for a relationship of mortality with pleural effusion, a marker of plasma leakage, and coagulation activation, both characteristic pathological changes in dengue shock syndrome.Keywords: Dengue shock syndrome, mortality, risk factor.ABSTRAKFaktor risiko kematian pada demam berdarah dengue dengan sindroma syok (DSS)Latar belakang: DSS merupakan bentuk klinik yang paling berat dari demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan mempunyai angka kematian yang tinggi. Terdapat dua kelainan patologik utama pada DBD yang menentukan beratnya penyakit, yakni kebocoran plasma dan perdarahan. Sitokine yang dilepas sewaktu terjadi respon imun virus dengue diduga merupakan mediator proses ini.Metode: Studi dilaksanakan pada 50 penderita DSS anak, dimana 13 (26%) diantaranya meninggal. Investigasi dilakukan untuk mencari temuan klinik dan laboratorik yang berhubungan dengan kematian.Hasil: Perdarahan gastrointestinal dan efusi pleura bilateral secara bermakna lebih banyak ditemukan pada penderita yang meninggal dibandingkan dengan penderita yang hidup (berturut-turut p<0,02 dan p=0,0006). Rerata kadar thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc) sewaktu masuk rumah sakit dan kadar plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) juga merupakan petanda aktivasi koagulasi dan fibrinolisis, secara bermakna (berturut-turut p=0,004 dan p=0,0006) lebih tinggi pada penderita yang meninggal. Pada analisis regresi didapatkan bahwa efusi pleura bilateral dan kadar TATc sewaktu masuk rumah sakit berhubungan bermakna dengan kematian (berturut-turut p=0,007 dan p=0,048).Simpulan: Data dari studi ini membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kematian dan efusi pleura bilateral (suatu petanda kebocoran plasma) dan aktivasi koagulasi dimana keduanya merupakan kelainan patologik khas untuk DSS.
Suplementasi Seng dan Probiotik pada Diare Akut Cair Anak Fenty Karuniawati; Budi Santosa; Endang Purwaningsih; Bambang Hariyana
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2010:MMI VOLUME 44 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2010
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Abstract

Backgrounds: Clinical trials have demonstrated that zinc supplement during diarrhea episodes reduces the duration and severity of illness. Studies have shown that probiotic may be useful in treating acute diarrhea. Study that evaluated diet enriched with zinc and probiotic showed significant reduction on the duration of diarrhea. Whether this combination is better than either supplementation of zinc or probiotic alone is unknown. The objective of the study was to compare the duration of diarrhea among children with acute watery diarrhea given zinc, probiotic and combined zinc - probiotic supplementation.Methods: Consecutive sampling from 6-24 months old hospitalized children with acute watery diarrhea in Kariadi hospital was done. There were 77 subjects randomized into 4 study groups. Three groups were supplemented daily with zinc, probiotic, or zinc and probiotic and one group as control. Each group had received standard therapy including rehydration and dietetic. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test, t test and one way ANOVA.Results: There were no differences in age, breastfeeding history, nutritional and social economic status, day before admission, and level of zinc serum among groups. Supplemented group showed significant reduction on the duration of diarrhea compared with control (p=0.02). There was no significant difference on the duration of diarrhea between zinc-probiotic and zinc or probiotic groups (p=0.15). Zinc-probiotic supplemented group had the lowest duration of diarrhea among groups.Conclusions: Zinc and probiotic are able to reduce the duration of acute watery diarrhea.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Berbagai uji klinis menunjukkan suplementasi seng menurunkan durasi dan beratnya diare. Suplementasi probiotik juga menunjukkan manfaat pada terapi diare akut. Penelitian tentang diet yang difortifikasi seng dan probiotik menunjukkan penurunan durasi diare secara bermakna. Belum diketahui apakah suplementasi seng dan probiotik secara kombinasi lebih baik dari pada suplementasi seng dan probiotik secara terpisah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan durasi diare pada anak yang dirawat dengan diare akut cair yang diberikan suplementasi seng, probiotik, kombinasi seng dan probiotik serta kontrol.Metoda: Subjek diambil secara konsekutif dari anak usia 6-24 bulan yang dirawat dengan diare akut cair di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Didapatkan 77 subjek dan diacak menjadi 4 kelompok. Tiga kelompok diberi perlakuan berupa suplementasi seng saja, suplementasi probiotik saja atau kombinasi seng dan probiotik serta satu kelompok sebagai kontrol. Setiap kelompok mendapat terapi standar berupa rehidrasi dan dietetik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square, t test dan one way ANOVA.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada umur, riwayat pemberian ASI, status gizi dan sosial ekonomi, lama sakit sebelum dirawat, dan kadar seng serum diantara keempat kelompok. Kelompok suplementasi mempunyai penurunan durasi diare yang bermakna dibandingkan kontrol (68,6 vs 83,8 jam, p=0,02). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kombinasi seng dan probiotik dibandingkan kelompok seng atau probiotik saja (p=0,15). Kelompok seng dan probiotik mempunyai durasi diare paling pendek dibandingkan kelompok lain.
Ekstrak Herbal (Daun Salam, Jintan Hitam, Daun Seledri) dan Kadar IL-6 Plasma Penderita Hiperurisemia Dwi Ngestiningsih; Suyanto Hadi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 2 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Abstract

ABSTRACTHerbal extract (Eugenia polyantha, Nigella sativa, Apium graveolens) and IL-6 plasma level of hyperuricaemic patientsBackground: Hyperuricaemia stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. They also will stimulate leucocyte adhesion molecule. Suplementation of bay-leaf (Eugenia polyantha), celery herb (Apium graveolens) and blackseed (Nigella sativa) had known to decrease inflammatory cytokines response including IL-6 blood level. These herbal are common in Indonesia but have not clinically studied correlation with IL-6 pro inflammatory cytokine in human. The aim study was to determine the effect of herbal extract on IL-6 blood level of hyperuricaemic patients.Methods: This study was an experimental study with double blind randomised clinical trial, held on 2007 March–2008 February. Samples were hyperuricaemic patiens in clinic and wards of internal medicine and geriatric RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. They were divided into 2 groups: (1) Extract herbal and (2) placebo group. IL-6 blood level were tested before and 4 weeks after treatment using ELISA methode.Results: Subjects were 43 hyperuricaemic patients (22 in herbal treatment group compare with 21 in placebo group). The mean of basic IL-6 level in herbal group was 214.58 pg/dl whereas in placebo was 182.89 pg/dl. The mean of outcome IL-6 level in herbal group was 192.15 pg/dl whereas in placebo group was 254,00 pg/dl. The mean of IL-6 delta level in herbal group was -22.43 pg/dl whereas in placebo was 71.11 pg/dl (p:0.045). The mean of IL-6 ratio in herbal group was 1142.16% whereas in placebo was 754.45% (p:0.052).Conclusion: The herbal extract being used uric acid lowering agent decreases IL-6 level.Keywords: IL-6, Eugenia polyantha, Apium graveolens, Nigella sativaABSTRAKLatar belakang: Hiperurisemia akan memacu produksi sitokin proinflamasi TNF-α, IL-1 dan IL-6. Ketiga sitokin tadi akan memacu penarikan lekosit ke daerah deposit kristal monosodium urat dan melipatgandakan respon inflamasi. Daun salam (Eugenia polyantha), seledri (Apium graveolens), dan biji jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) pada percobaan terdahulu dapat menurunkan respon inflamasi termasuk kadar IL-6 pada respon inflamasi. Ketiga tanaman ini sangat banyak digunakan di Indonesia namun sampai saat ini belum dilakukan uji klinik pada manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek pemberian formula ekstrak herbal terhadap kadar IL-6 serum penderita hiperurisemia.Metoda: Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental yaitu double blind randomised clinical trial (RCT), dilaksanakan Maret 2007–Februari 2008. Subyek penelitian adalah penderita hiperurisemia usia 18 tahun yang berobat di Poliklinik/Rawat Inap Penyakit Dalam dan Geriatri RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Sampel dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kelola. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar IL-6 darah sebelum dan setelah 4 minggu perlakuan. IL-6 diperiksa dengan cara ELISA.Hasil: Sampel sebanyak 43 orang (22 orang kelompok herbal dan 21 orang kelompok plasebo). Rerata kadar IL-6 awal kelompok herbal 214,58 pg/dl sedangkan kelompok plasebo 182,89 pg/dl. Rerata kadar IL-6 akhir kelompok herbal 192,15 pg/dl sedangkan kelompok plasebo 254,00 pg/dl. Rerata delta kadar IL-6 kelompok ekstrak herbal -22,43 pg/dl dan kelompok plasebo 71,11 pg/dl (p:0,045). Rerata rasio IL-6 pada kelompok herbal 1142,16% sedangkan pada kelompok plasebo 754,45% (p:0,052).Simpulan: Ekstrak herbal penurun asam urat dapat menurunkan kadar IL-6 serum penderita hiperurisemia.

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