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INDONESIA
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Articles 134 Documents
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Penggunaan Batang Tanaman Betadin (Jatropha mulitifida Linn) untuk Meningkatkan Jumlah Trombosit pada Mus musculus Agus Sundaryono
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 2 Year 2011
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ABSTRACTThe use of plant stem betadin (Jatropha mulitifida Linn) to increase the number of thrombocyt in Mus musculusBackground: Jatropha multifida Linn has been used by the people of Bengkulu as an ornamental plant, some of people use as medicinal for a new wound. That is why known as betadin plants. Jatropha multifida Linn contain flavonoids compound. The aims of this study is to isolate the total flavonoids compound from stems of Jatropha multifida Linn, and then it was used to increase the number of thrombocyt.Methods: Stem Jatropha multifida Linn was isolated by EtOH (96%), the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Fifteen of healthy Mus musculus with 20-50 g, were grouped into 4; group 1 (P0) was treated by aquadest, group 2 (P1) was treated with 0.2 mL of palm oil, group 3 (P2) was treated with a dose of guava extract (0.028 g/kgBW), group 4 (P3) and (P4) were given total flavonoids of Jatropha multifida Linn stems in which each was given with a dose of 0.028g/kgBW and 0,056g/kgBW. After 24 hours of treatment, the thrombocyt changes owere counted under a microscope.Results: The rendement of flavonoids compound in the stem of Jatropha multifida Linn which can be isolated by EtOH is 4%. The flavonoids compound from Jatropha multifida Linn stems at a doses of 0.028 g/kgBW could increased the number of thrombocyt to 543.000/mm3 and at a 0.56 g/kgBW to 813.000/mm3.Conclusion: The flavonoids compoud from Jatropha multifida Linn stems at a doses of 0.028 g/kgBW and doses of 0.56 g/kgBWcould increased the number of thrombocyt at Mus musculus.Keywords: Jatropha multifida Linn, trombocyt, flavonoids, Mus musculusABSTRAKLatar belakang: Jatropha multifida Linn oleh masyarakat Bengkulu digunakan sebagai tanaman hias, sebagian masyarakat ada yang menggunakan sebagai tanaman untuk obat luka baru. Itulah sebabnya maka dikenal dengan tanaman betadin. Batang tanaman Jatropha multifida Linn mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa flavonoid total dari batang tanaman Jatropha multifida Linn, kemudian diujicobakan untuk melihat peningkatan jumlah trombosit pada Mus musculus.Metode: Batang tanaman Jatropha multifida Linn diisolasi dengan maserasi menggunakan EtOH (96%), filtrat diuapkanmenggunakan rotary evaporator. Lima belas Mus musculus sehat dengan berat 20-50 g, dikelompokkan menjadi 4 yaitu kelompok 1 (P0) diberi perlakuan secara oral dengan aquades, kelompok 2 (P1) diberi perlakuan secara oral dengan 0,2 mL minyak manis, kelompok 3 (P2) diberi perlakuan secara oral dengan ekstrak daun jambu biji dengan dosis 0,028 g/kgBB, kelompok 4 (P3) dan kelompok 5 (P4) diberi perlakuan secara oral dengan senyawa flavonoid total batang tanaman Jatropha multifida Linn masingmasingdengan dosis 0,028 g/kgBB dan 0,056 g/kgBB. Setelah 24 jam untuk setiap perlakuan, kenaikan jumlah trombosit dihitung dibawah mikroskop.Hasil: Rendemen flavonoid total dari batang tanaman Jatropha multifida Linn yang dapat diisolasi menggunakan EtOH sebesar 4%. Pemberian senyawa flavonoid total dari batang Jatropha multifida Linn secara oral pada Mus musculus dengan dosis 0,028 g/kgBB mampu meningkatkan jumlah trombosit sebesar 543.000/mm3 dan dosis 0,056 g/kgBB mampu meningkatkan jumlah trombosit sebesar 813.000/mm3.Simpulan: Pemberian senyawa flavonoid total dari batang tanaman Jatropha multifida Linn dengan dosis 0,028 g/kgBB dan 0,056 g/kgBB secara oral mampu meningkatkan jumlah trombosit pada Mus musculus, dan semakin tinggi dosis yang diberikan semakin tinggi kenaikan jumlah trombosit.
Perubahan Kadar Hormon Tiroid pada Penderita Sindroma Nefrotik Asripurwanti Asripurwanti; Samad Samad,; Lydia Koesnadi; W. Rochmanaji; Rudy Susanto
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2008:MMI Volume 43 Issue 2 Year 2008
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Thyroid hormones levels in nephrotic syndromeBackground: Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most found kidney disease. A great part (>99%) of circulating thyroid hormones were bound to proteins, thus derangements of blood proteins in nephrotic syndrome are potential to disturb thyroid hormones levels. This study was aimed to compare thyroid hormones levels changes in childhood Nephrotic Syndrome before and after remission.Method: Thirty four nephrotic syndrome patients studied on Department of pediatric of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang between April 1995 to June 1996 were for albumin, cholesterol, thyroid and thyroid stimulating hormone levels before and after remission and were tested with Wilcoxon signed rank test. The correlation between albumin and thyroxin levels before and after remission. were analyzed with Spearman correlation test.Results: T4 level before remission was 26.89±16.12 nmol/L, TSH 9.36±5.51 IU/ml, and after remission T4 106.63±28.02 nmol/L,TSH 1.78±1.91 μIU/mL. There were significant changes of thyroid hormones levels before and after remission (z=5.09; p=0.000). There were positive correlation between blood protein (albumin) level and thyroid hormone (T4) level in nephrotic syndrome before remission (r=0.51; p=0.000) and after remission (r=0.38; p=0.004). A great proportion of nephrotic syndrome patients, suffered from hypothyroidism and return to euthyroid after remission.Conclusions: Thyroid hormone levels changed during the course of nephrotic syndrome.Keyword : Thyroid hormone, TSH, T4, Nephrotic SyndromeABSTRAKLatar belakang : Sindroma nefrotik merupakan salah satu penyakit ginjal yang terbanyak ditemukan. Hormon tiroid beredar dalam darah berikatan dengan protein, sehingga pada gangguan kadar protein yang berat seperti pada sindroma nefrotik berpotensi mengganggu hormon tiroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perubahan kadar hormon tiroid pada penderita sindroma nefrotik anak sebelum dan sesudah remisi.Metoda : Tiga puluh empat penderita sindroma nefrotik yang dirawat di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang antara bulan April 1995 sampai Juni 1996 diperiksa perbedaan kadar albumin, kolesterol, tiroksin dan TSH sebelum dan sesudah remisi dan diuji dengan uji Wilcoxon signed rank test. Hubungan kadar albumin dan tiroksin pada sindroma nefrotik sebelum dan sesudah remisi di uji dengan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil : Pada 34 penderita sindroma nefrotik sebelum remisi didapatkan rerata T4 26,89±16,12 nmol/L, TSH 9,36±5,51 IU/ml dan sesudah remisi didapatkan rerata T4 106,63±28,02 nmol/L, TSH rerata 1,78±1,91 μIU/mL. Ada perbedaan bermakna kadar hormon tiroid (T4) dan TSH sebelum dan sesudah remisi (z=5,09; p=0,000). Ada hubungan positif antara kadar albumin darah dengan kadar hormon tiroid darah T4 pada Sindroma nefrotik sebelum remisi (r=0,51; p=0,000) dan setelah remisi (r=0,38; p=0,004). Pada penderita sindroma nefrotik sebagian besar mengalami hipotiroidisme dan kembali euthiroid setelah remisi.Simpulan : Ada perubahan kadar hormon tiroid pada penderita Sindroma Nefrotik sebelum dan sesudah remisi.
Pajanan Pestisida Sebagai Faktor Risiko Hipotiroidisme pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Pertanian Suhartono Suhartono; RRJ. Sri Djokomoeljanto; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Hertanto Wahyu Subagio; Apoina Kartini; Suratman Suratman
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 2 YEAR 2012
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Pesticide exposure as a risk factor for hypothyroidism in women at childbearing age in agricultural areasBackground: Hypothyroidism in women at childbearing age (WCA) will cause reproduction disorder, i.e. infertility, spontaneous abortion, impaired growth and development of foetus, placental abruption, and preterm delivery. Pesticide exposure is suspected to cause hypothyroidism. The research objective is to prove that pesticide exposure is a risk factor for hypothyroidism among WCA in agricultural areas.Methods: Case-control studies were used as study designs. Study subjects were 44 WCA as cases and 45 WCA as controls. Pesticide exposure was measured by asking WCA’s involvement in agricultural activities using structured questionnaire and by checking their levels of cholinesterase. Hypothyroidism was determined based on the results of TSH, FT4, and T3 level. Confounding variables were also measured. These variables were age, body mass index (BMI), participation in hormonal contraception, liver function, urinaryiodine excretion, urinary thiocyanate level and blood lead level. Chi-square test, OR (95% CI), and multivariate logistic regression were implemented to test the hypothesis.Results: Pesticides exposure is a risk factor for hypothyroidism (crude-OR=3.04; 95% CI=1.20-7.81; nilai p=0.033 and adjusted OR=3.31, 95% CI=1.25 to 8.78, p=0.016). The higher the degree of exposure, the greater the risk of having hypothyroidism.Conclusion: Pesticides exposure is a risk factor for hypothyroidism among WCA in agricultural areas.Keywords: Pesticide exposure, risk factor, hypothyroidism, women at childbearing age, agricultural areaABSTRAKLatar belakang: Hipotiroidisme pada kelompok wanita usia subur (WUS) dapat menyebabkan gangguan reproduksi, seperti infertilitas, abortus spontan, gangguan tumbuh-kembang janin, dan kelahiran prematur. Pajanan pestisida dapat mengganggu fungsi tiroid. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan bahwa pajanan pestisida merupakan faktor risiko hipotiroidisme pada WUS di daerah pertanian.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kasus-kontrol. Subyek penelitian adalah 44 WUS sebagai kasus dan 45 sebagai kontrol. Pajanan pestisida diukur menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan kadar kolinesterase. Kejadian hipotiroidisme diukur menggunakan parameter kadar TSH, FT4 dan T3. Variabel perancu yang diukur meliputi umur, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), penggunaan KB hormonal, fungsi hati, ekskresi yodium urin, kadar tiosianat urin, dan kadar Pb darah. Uji hipotesis yang digunakanadalah uji Chi-square, uji OR (95%CI), dan regresi logistik multivariat.Hasil: Pajanan pestisida merupakan faktor risiko hipotiroidisme pada WUS di daerah pertanian (crude-OR=3,04; 95%CI=1,20- 7,81; nilai p=0,033 dan adjusted OR=3,31; 95%CI=1,25-8,78; p=0,016). Semakin tinggi derajat pajanan pestisida, semakin besar risiko terjadinya hipotiroidisme.Simpulan: Pajanan pestisida merupakan faktor risiko kejadian hipotiroidisme pada WUS di daerah pertanian.
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Morinda Citrifolia L (Mengkudu) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah, Jumlah Neutrofil, dan Fibronektin Glomerulus Tikus Diabetes Mellitus Indranilla Kustarini; Sri Sinto Dewi; Ika Pawitra M
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 3 YEAR 2012
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Ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia L (mengkudu), blood glucose, neutrophyl count, and glomerulus fibronectin in diabetes mellitus ratBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which caused by the present of insulin abnormality. Diabetes is shown by hyperglycemia to release free radical, superoxide, that induce oxidative stress. This stress will increase mesangial matrix production in glomerulus such as fibronectin. Ethanol extract Morinda citrifolia contain fenolat and flavonoid which have antioxidant system toblock the oxidative stress. This research purpose was to analyze the effect of ethanol extract Morinda citrifolia to blood glucose,  neutrophyl count, glomerulus fibronectin of diabetes mellitus rats.Method: Using the post test only control group design, diabetic Sprague Dawley rats induced streptozotocin dose 40mg/kgBW, were divided into 4 groups of grading doses (10, 20, 40, 80mg/dl) of ethanol extract Morinda group and 1 control group. Each group used 6 male rat. Blood glucose, neutrophyl count and glomerular fibronectin were examined. Data analyze with Kruskall Wallis and ANOVA using SPSS ver 15.0Result: The mean of blood glucose before and after treating with extract ethanol Morinda were 553.04mg/dl and 408.81mg/dl respectively. Different score of neutrophyl count was p=0.0574 and fibronectin expression was p=0.000. Ethanol extract Morinda citrifolia can reduce blood glucose, and the fibronectin expression in glomerulus of diabetic rats significantly, but not for neutrophyl count. The lowest fibronectin expression occurred on dose 20 mg/dl.Conclusion: Extract ethanol Morinda citrifolia L (Mengkudu) improve diabetic nephtopathy through reducing blood glucose, netrophyl count, and fibronectin.Keyword: Morinda citrifolia, blood glucose, neutrophyl count, glomerular fibronektin ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan karena adanya kelainan sekresi atau kerja insulin. Diabetes mellitus ditandai dengan adanya hiperglikemi, dimana pada kondisi ini akan melepaskan radikal bebas, superoksid, yang akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif, dengan akibat kerusakan sel baik sel neutrofil, sel mesangial ginjal yang akan mengeluarkan matrik ekstra sel berupa fibronektin. Ekstrak etanol Morinda citrifolia L memiliki kandungan fenolat dan flavonoid, dapat membantu sistem antioksidan dalam tubuh yang dapat mengatasi stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek ekstrak etanol Morinda citrifolia L terhadap kadar gula darah, jumlah neutrofil, dan ekspresi fibronektin glomerulus tikus diabetes mellitus.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post test only control group design pada tikus Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi Streptozotozin (dosis 40mg/kgBB) sehingga  menjadi DM, kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan ekstrak etanol Morinda citrifolia L (Mengkudu) dengan dosis 10, 20, 40, 80mg/dl dan 1 kelompok kontrol DM. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan ANOVA dengan SPSS ver 15.0.Hasil: Rerata kadar gula darah sebelum 553,04 mg/dl dan sesudah diberi Morinda 408,81 mg/dl. Hasil menunjukkan perubahan jumlah neutrofil diperoleh nilai p=0,0574, dan ekspresi fibronektin glomerulus diperoleh nilai p=0,000. Ekstrak etanol Morinda citrifolia L menurunkan kadar gula darah dan ekspresi fibronektin secara bermakna, namun tidak bermakna pada jumlah neutrofil. Dosis 20 mg/dl merupakan dosis yang paling baik menurunkan ekspresi fibronektin glomerulus.Simpulan: Ekstrak etanol Morinda citrifolia L (Mengkudu) memperbaiki fungsi ginjal diabetes nefropati melalui penurunan gula darah, jumlah neutrofil dan fibronektin.
Penilaian Fungsi Pribadi dan Sosial Sebelum dan Sesudah Mendapat Pengobatan pada Penderita Gangguan Jiwa Korban Pemasungan Alifiati Fitrikasari; Titis Hediati
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
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ABSTRACTAssessment of personal and social function in shackled mentally disorders patients before and after treatmentBackground: The deprivation of people suspected of suffering from psychiatric disorders is an act contrary to human rights. Action deprivation is a common practice in developing countries, including Indonesia. The absence of regulations, low levels of education, lack of understanding of the symptoms of psychiatric disorders, as well as economic limitations are factors determining the emergence of shackled events. The objective of this study is to know the differences in the level of personal ability and social function in persons being deprived of their life before and after treatment at the Mental Hospital (RSJ).Method: The study was an observational study conducted in Pekalongan, Pati, Jepara, Salatiga, and Blora, Central Java, which aimed to find out the level of social and personal values in patients with mental disorders being deprived. The method used was done to 27 shackled cases with the scale of the personal and social performance (PSP scale).Results: There were 21 men (77.7%) and 6 women (22.3%), and almost all were diagnosed as schizophrenia. All of them are from poor families. The period of restraint ranged from 8 months to 27 years. Based on PSP scale, 19 cases (70.4%) had a low value and as many as 8 cases (29.6%) were categorized as having better value. There was improvement in PSP scale of every case after being treated.Conclusion: Medical treatment improve the value of the PSP. Thus deprivation, bedside inhumane is also depriving mentally ill persons for having better quality of life.Keywords: Shackled, stocks, schizophrenia, PSP scaleABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pemasungan terhadap orang yang diduga mengidap gangguan kejiwaan merupakan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan HAM. Tindakan pemasungan merupakan gejala yang umum ditemukan di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Ketiadaan aturan hukum, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, keterbatasan pemahaman terhadap gejala gangguan kejiwaan, serta keterbatasan ekonomi merupakan faktor yang mendeterminasi munculnya kejadian pasung. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasi awal yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Pekalongan, Pati, Jepara, Salatiga, Rembang, dan Blora Jawa Tengah yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan nilai sosial dan pribadi pada penderita gangguan jiwa yang mengalami pemasungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kemampuan fungsi pribadi dan sosial pada penderita jiwa yang mengalami pemasungan sebelum dan setelah dirawat di rumah sakit jiwa (RSJ) pada penderita yang dipasung dalamwilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah pemeriksaan fungsi pribadi dan sosial yang dilakukan terhadap 27 orang penderitagangguan jiwa yang di pasung dengan skala personal and social performance (PSP). Data disajikan secara deskriptif dan uji beda pada skala PSP sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan.Hasil: Didapatkan 21 pria (77,7%) dan 6 wanita (22,3%) dan hampir semua terdiagnosis sebagai skizofrenia. Semuanya berasal dari keluarga miskin. Masa pengekangan berkisar dari 8 bulan sampai 27 tahun. Didapatkan sebanyak 19 kasus (70,4%) yang mempunyai nilai PSP yang buruk dan sebanyak 8 kasus (29,6%) yang mempunyai nilai PSP sedang. Didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada nilai PSP saat pasung dan setelah dirawat di RSJ.Simpulan: Pengobatan dapat memperbaiki nilai PSP, dengan demikian pemasungan selain merendahkan martabat manusia, menghilangkan kesempatan penderita gangguan jiwa untuk memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik.
Masalah Mental Remaja di Kota Semarang Fitri Hartanto; Hendriani Selina
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2010:MMI VOLUME 44 ISSUE 3 YEAR 2010
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Adolescent mental problems in the city of Semarang Background: The gap between the child's physical, social and psychological in adolescence can cause mental problems in the form of emotional disturbance, behavior, resistant and depression. No data on the distribution of mental problems among adolescents in Semarang.Methods: Descriptive study with cross sectional approach conducted on 578 Junior High School Students who are spread in 5 Junior High School in Semarang. SDQ (the strength and difficulties questionnaire) measure tool were used in assessing their mental status, which is presented in a descriptive narrative.Results: In the domain of prosocial are 8.0% abnormal and 14.5% borderline, hyperactive domain are 4.9% abnormal and 5.9% borderline, emotional domain are 18.5% abnormal and 9.1% borderline, the domain of behavior are 13.9% abnormal and 15.7% borderline, and the domain of peer group are 3.8% abnormal and 20.6% borderline.Conclusion: The result of the assessment of mental problems adolescents in Semarang got emotional problems 18.5%, behavior 13.9%, the total difficulties 9.1%, 8.1% prosocial, hyperactivity 4.9%, and peer group 3.8%.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kesenjangan yang terjadi antara perkembangan fisik, sosial dan psikologik pada masa remaja dapat menyebabkan masalah mental berupa gangguan emosi, perilaku, serta depresi. Belum ada data tentang distribusi masalah mental pada remaja di Kota Semarang.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan belah lintang dilakukan terhadap 578 pelajar SLTP yang tersebar pada 5 SLTP di wilayah Semarang. Alat ukur SDQ (the strength and difficulties questionnaire) dipakai dalam menilai status mental mereka yang disajikan dalam narasi deskriptif. Hasil: Pada ranah prososial didapatkan 8,0% abnormal dan 14,5% borderline, ranah hiperaktif 4,9% abnormal dan 5,9% borderline, ranah emosi 18,5% abnormal dan 9,1% borderline, ranah perilaku 13,9% abnormal dan 15,7% borderline, dan ranah peer group 3,8% abnormal dan 20,6% borderline. Simpulan: Hasil penilaian masalah mental remaja di Kota Semarang didapatkan masalah emosi 18,5%, perilaku 13,9%, total difficulties 9,1%, prososial 8,1%, hiperaktif 4,9%, dan peer group 3,8%.
Penentuan Kadar Spesi Yodium dalam Garam Beryodium yang Beredar di Pasar dan Bahan Makanan Selama Pemasakan dengan Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi-Pasangan Ion Wisnu Cahyadi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2008:MMI Volume 43 Issue 1 Year 2008
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ABSTRACTDetermination of Iodine Species Content in Commercials Iodized Salt and Foodstuffs During Cooking By Ion Pair HPLC MethodBackground: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is still a major public health problem in several areas of the world, especially in developing countries. The stability of iodine will be influenced by food type, water content and temperature during cooking. The objectivse of the study was to determine iodine species in iodized salt and food. The benefit of the study was expected to answer the controversy problem about iodine losses in iodized salt and foodstuff.Methods: The study method used descriptive design (survey and intake samples, sample preparation and condition of appliance, making of standards solution, and analysis of iodine species), sampling method (purposif), and the analyse design (linear regression equation) , while analysis method was used by ion pair-HPLC.Results: The study revealed that iodine and iodate of iodized salt products fulfilled the requirement containing 30-80 mg kg-1. There different ways of adding iodized salt which were before, during and after cooking resulting highest reduction of iodine content in the first method (68,2%-61,9%) and the lowest in the last method (19,5%).Conclusion: Addition or used of iodized salt into foodstuffs should be after cooking or before serving.Key Words : iodized salt, foodstuffs, iodine species, iodine stability and HPLC-Ion PairABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kekurangan yodium masih menjadi masalah besar di beberapa negara di dunia, khususnya negara-negara berkembang. Kestabilan yodium akan dipengaruhi oleh jenis makanan, kandungan air dan suhu pemanasan pada saat pemasakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kadar spesi yodium dalam garam beryodium yang beredar di pasar dan bahan makanan selama pemasakan. Manfaat Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjawab masalah perbedaan pendapat tentang hilangnya yodiumdalam garam beryodium dan bahan makanan.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan deskripsi (survei pasar dan pengambilan sampel, preparasi sampel dan pengkondisian alat, pembuatan larutan standar, dan pengujian kandungan spesi yodium dalam berbagai sampel), metode sampling (purposif), dan rancangan analisis (persaman regresi linier), sedangkan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi-pasangan ion.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar spesi yodium (iodida dan iodat) dari 15 produk garam beryodium (dengan merk yang berbeda) yang beredar di pasar telah memenuhi persyaratan yaitu sebesar 30-80 mg kg-1. Tiga cara penambahan garam beryodium ke dalam sediaan makanan yaitu sebelum pemasakan, pada saat pemasakan dan siap saji, menunjukkan hasil persentase penurunan iodat tertinggi dengan cara penambahan sebelum pemasakan yakni sebesar 68,20% s/d 61,90% dan yang terkecil dengan carapenambahannya saat siap saji yaitu 19,5%.Simpulan: Cara penambahan atau penggunaan garam beryodium ke dalam makanan sebaiknya dilakukan setelah pemasakan atausiap saji.
Induksi Polifenol Mahkota Dewa dan Apoptosis Sel Kanker Paru Mencit Strain Balb/C: Analisis pada Up-Regulation Bax dan Down-Regulation Bcl-2 Theopilus W Watuguly; Tjahjono Tjahjono; Martha Kaihena; Syahran Wael
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2012
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Mahkota Dewa polyphenol induction and apoptosis cell lung cancer in Balb/c strain mice analysis on up-regulation bax and downregulation Bcl-2Background: This research is aimed to prove the role of Mahkota Dewa polyphenol in the up-regulation Bax and down-regulation in strain Balb/c mice which inducted with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).Method: Post test control group design with 30 strain Balb/c mice sample, aged 1-2 weeks, weighed 20-30 grams, healthy mice condition. All mice inducted with BaP and then randomized into 2 groups, which were the control group and the treatment group (polyphenol 50mg). The development of the lung carcinogenesis was observed by tissue surgery in the 8th, 17th and 26th week. The data collected include expression examination Bax and Bcl-2. The data analysis was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitneyand correlation test of Spearman's with significance degree of p<a (0.05).Result: The oral administration of Mahkota Dewa polyphenol of 50 mg were significantly decreased the occurance of lung carcinogenesis through decreasing of protein Bax and increasing Bcl-2 in treatment group in week 8, 17 and 26 (p=0.000). Protein Bax for the control group for week 8 were 4.04±0.22 and 1.92±0.10 in week 26, while the treatment group were 5.96±0.32 and 4.68±0.22 (p=0.000). Protein Bcl-2 for the control group for week 8 were 5.80±0.32 and 9.64±0.26 in week 26, while the treatmentgroup were 5.12±0.22 and 7.38±0.21 (p=0.000). The Spearman correlation for Bax and Bcl-2 with significancy value of (p=0.000).Conclusion: The administration of Mahkota Dewa polyphenol of 50 mg effectively increased Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in mice Balb/c.Keywords: Polyphenol, Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl), protein Bax, protein Bcl-2, strain Balb/c mice, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan peran polifenol Mahkota Dewa dalam meningkatkan protein Bax dan menurunkan protein Bcl-2 pada mencit strain Balb/c hasil induksi Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).Metode: Post test only control group design dengan sampel 30 mencit strain Balb/c, umur 1-2 minggu, berat 20-30 gram, kondisi mencit sehat. Semua mencit diinduksi BaP kemudian hewan dirandomisasi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan polifenol 50 mg. Perkembangan karsinogenesis paru diamati dengan pembedahan jaringan pada minggu ke-8, 17 dan 26. Data dikumpulkan meliputi pemeriksaan ekspresi Bax dan Bcl-2. Analisis data dengan Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan denganuji Mann-Whitney dan uji korelasi Spearman dengan derajat kemaknaan p<a (0,05).Hasil: Pemberian oral polifenol Mahkota Dewa sebesar 50 mg secara bermakna memperlihatkan peningkatan protein Bax dan penurunan protein Bcl-2 pada kelompok perlakuan pada minggu ke-8, 17 dan 26 (p=0,000). Protein Bax pada kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8 sebesar 4,04±0,22 dan 1,92±0,10 minggu ke-26, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 5,96±0,32 dan 4,68±0,22 (p=0,000) sedangkan protein Bcl-2 pada kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8 sebesar 5,80±0,32 dan 9,64±0,26 minggu ke-26, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 5,12±0,22 dan 7,38±0,21 (p=0,000). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman protein Bax dan protein Bcl-2 dengan nilai significancy (p=0,000).
Prevalensi Kuman ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase) dari Material Darah di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Tahun 2004-2005 Winarto Winarto
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2009:MMI VOLUME 43 ISSUE 5 YEAR 2009
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum  -Lactamases (ESBL)-bacteria of Blood Isolates in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang 2004–2005Background: Prevalence of ESBL bacteria varies among hospitals, which its resistance could be spread to other bacteria; causes infections with a high morbidity and mortality. There were no data of ESBL prevalence and its distribution within Dr. Kariadi hospital wards. Objective of the study were to determine the prevalence, distribution and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of ESBL bacteria in Dr. Kariadi hospital.Methods: Retrospective study was used on laboratory records of in-patients at Clinical Microbiology Laboratory during 2004–2005. Blood culture was inoculated into BACTEC bottle medium, incubated at 370C, isolated, identified and examined for antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer method. Inclusion criteria were gram negative bacteria subjected to ESBL screening by cefotaxime, ceftazidime or ceftriaxone disc. Samples without clinical informations were excluded.Results: Four thousand three hundred and fifty blood samples were examined during 2 years periode with culture positive rate was 34.76% consist of gram negative bacteria 59.6% in which ESBL bacteria was 50.6%. ESBL bacteria significantly high recovered from intensive wards. Predominance bacteria were Ps. aeruginosa (50.9%), E. aerogenes (37.5%) and E. coli (8.7%). Sensitivity patterns to meropenem >82.2%, quinolone >65.6% except Ps. aeruginosa 52.5%, fosfomisin >74% except Ps. aeruginosa 15.5%,amikacin >82% except Ps. aeruginosa 20.6%.Conclusions: Bacterial culture positive rate was 34.76% with predominance bacteria was gram negative bacteria (59.6%), in which ESBL detected in 50.6%. The most predominance bacteria were Ps. aeruginosa, E. aerogenes and E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns mostly sensitive to meropenem, aminoglycocide and quinolone.Keywords: ESBL, intensive wards, meropenem ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Prevalensi kuman ESBL berbeda diberbagai rumah sakit, mempunyai gen penyandi di plasmid yang mudah dipindahkan ke kuman lain dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi. Di RSUP Dr. Kariadi belum ada data komprehensif tentang prevalensi dan distribusi kuman ESBL. Maksud penelitian untuk memberikan gambaran tentang prevalensi, distribusi dan pola kepekaan kuman ESBL.Metode: Penelitian bersifat retrospektif menggunakan catatan pemeriksaan darah pasien rawat inap yang dikultur menggunakan BACTEC di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik tahun 2004-2005. Tes kepekaan menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer. Kriteria inklusi ialah kuman gram negatif yang resisten terhadap salah satu atau lebih dari disk antibiotika cefotaxim, ceftazidime dan cefipim, sedang kriteria eksklusi adalah keterangan klinik yang tidak lengkap.Hasil: Didapat 4.350 sampel, yang tumbuh kuman sebanyak 1.512 (34,76%) terdiri dari kuman gram positif 611 (40,4%) dan kuman gram negatif 901 (59,6%), diantaranya kuman ESBL sebanyak 456 (50,6%). Kuman ESBL di ruang perawatan intensif lebih banyak dibandingkan ruang non-intensif (p=0,00 chi square test). Prevalensinya adalah Ps. aeruginosa (50,9%), E. aerogenes (37,5%), E. coli (8,7%), K. pneumoniae (1,5%), A. baumini (1,1%) dan E. clocae (0,3%). Sensitifitas kuman terhadap antibiotika: meropenem >82,2%, kuinolon >65,6% kecuali Ps. aeruginosa 52,5%, fosfomisin >74% kecuali Ps. aeruginosa 15,5%, amikasin >82% kecuali Ps. aeruginosa 20,6%.Simpulan: Hasil kultur positif 34,76%, kuman ESBL didapatkan 50,9% dengan predominan Ps. aeruginosa, E. aerogenes dan E. coli. Kuman ESBL di ruang perawatan intensif lebih banyak, dengan sensitifitas antibiotika yang masih baik ialah meropenem, aminoglikosida dan kuinolon.
The Role of SHOX Gene in Short Stature of Turner Syndrome and Its Variant Tri Indah Winarni; Farmaditya EP Mundhofir; Sultana MH Faradz
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2010:MMI VOLUME 44 ISSUE 2 YEAR 2010
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Background: SHOX gene is located on the edge of each short/p arm sex chromosome called the pseudoautosomal region-1 (PAR1) plays as a fundamental role on controlling chondrocyte differentiation and apoptosis in the growth plate. Longitudinal growth is determined by environmental, hormonal and genetic factors. Short stature is defined as a standing height below the third percentile according to Tanner et al. Short stature affects approximately 2% of children. Turner syndrome is the most common genetic disorder in female characterized by the absence of all or part of a normal second X chromosome, affecting 1:2500 live-born female babies. Short stature and ovarian failure is the main clinical feature. The objective of this study is to elucidate the implication of SHOX gene in short stature of Turner Syndrome and its variant.Method: Purposive sampling was performed to recruit female with short stature after informed consent agreement. Female with growth treatment history and chronic diseases was excluded from this study. Cytogenetics testing was done for all samples by G-banding method, in routine karyotyping. Result: We report 9 females with short stature which cytogenetically and clinically diagnosed as Turner Syndrome. Four cases is classic Turner syndrome with standing height is below third percentile, three cases are 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) with standing height is below third percentile, one case is 46,XX/45,X (80%) with standing height is below third percentile, and the rest is 46,XX/45,X (20%) with standing height is between 3rd–97th percentile or normal.Conclusion: SHOX gene haploinsufficiency is strongly indicated the cause of short stature in Turner Syndrome.ABSTRAKPeran gen SHOX pada perawakan pendek Sindrom Turner dan variannyaLatar belakang: Gen SHOX terdapat di ujung lengan pendek kromosom seks yang disebut pseudoautosomal regio-1 (PAR1) yang berperan penting pada pengaturan diferensiasi kondrosit and apoptosis di lempeng epifisis. Pertumbuhan memanjang ditentukan oleh faktor lingkungan, hormon, dan faktor genetik. Menurut Tanner dkk, perawakan pendek didefinisikan sebagai tinggi badan kurang dari tiga persentil dan diperkirakan terjadi pada 2% populasi anak-anak. Sindrom Turner merupakan kelainan genetik pada perempuan yang paling banyak ditemukan akibat hilangnya sebagian atau seluruh kromosom X normal yang kedua dengan gambaran klinik utama berupa short stature dan insufisiensi ovarium, dengan insidensi 1:2500 bayi lahir hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami peran gen SHOX pada perawakan pendek Sindrom Turner dan variannya.Metode: Subjek penelitian adalah wanita berperawakan pendek yang setuju mengikuti penelitian dengan menandatangani informed consent. Dilakukan eksklusi untuk wanita berperawakan pendek dengan riwayat pengobatan pemacu pertumbuhan dan penyakit kronik. Pemeriksaan sitogenetik dengan metode pengecatan Giemsa dilakukan pada semua preparat kromosom dilanjutkan dengan analisis kromosom rutin.Hasil: Dilaporkan sembilan (9) wanita berperawakan pendek yang secara sitogenetik dan klinis didiagnosis sebagai Sindrom Turner. Empat kasus didiagnosis sebagai Sindrom Turner klasik dengan tinggi badan di bawah tiga persentil, tiga kasus dengan 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) dengan tinggi badan di bawah tiga persentil, satu kasus dengan 46,XX/45,X (80%) dengan tinggi badan di bawah tiga persentil, dan sisanya adalah 46,XX/45,X (20%) dengan tinggi badan di bawah antara 3-97 persentil atau normal.Simpulan: Haploinsufficiency gen SHOX diduga kuat menyebabkan perawakan pendek pada Sindrom Turner.

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