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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 98   99   100   101   102 
Effect of Chlorpyrifos Insecticide On The Ossification of Wader Pari Fish Vertebrae (Rasbora Lateristriata Bleeker, 1854)
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.30657

Abstract

Due to high growth, chlorpyrifos was one of the solution to increase food production. However, this compound is dangerous because it belongs to organophosphate group which blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme and caused nervouse failure to animal. Due to heavy rain this insecticide will run-off and contaminate the body of the river and effect the aquatic live. Wader pari was non-target animal of chlorpyrifos. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chlorpyrifos exposure on the behaviour of wader's feeding and swimming response, as well as the morphology and ossification process of the vertebrae. The study was conducted for 7 days.  4 groups of fish were exposed to chlorpyrifos with concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 ppm. Observation of the ossification and morphological process of vertebrae is carried out using AR-Ab bone staining. Observation of wader’s behaviours is carried out using descriptive analysis. It was found that the fish which exposed to chlorpyrifos showed some behavioural abnormalities in swimming and feeding response. Fish exposed to 0.005 ppm chlorpyrifos showed vertebral abnormalities which is haemal kyphosis. Kyphosis refers to Λ-shaped vertebral curvature Fragkoulis et.al, (2019). However, the ossification process that represented by Ar-Ab staining are going well. 
Diversity and Feeding Guild of Birds Along Gradient of Revegetated Area in Karst Ecosystem: a Case Study from Rembang, Central Java
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.36531

Abstract

In the mining industry, provision of new habitat through land rehabilitation and affforestation is an important step to anticipate the loss of biodiversity, including bird communities. The positive impacts of land rehabilitation and affforestation thus can be identified from results of periodic monitoring. The turnover of bird communities associated with afforestation is related to changes in structural habitat features that provide food and shelter. In this study, we have monitored bird community assemblages and feeding guild structure in revegetated area of karst in Rembang, Central Java. Three locations (EDP, GBC and GBL) were selected and characterized by different land use, vegetational age and floral composition. Surveys were conducted using point count method in early April for three consecutive years (2020-2022). In total, we have identified 32 bird species from 29 genera, 22 families and 9 orders. Most of birds observed considered as generalist, cosmopolitan and well-adapted to various habitat. Total species richness (19.33±3.22 to 20.67±4.12) and value of diversity index (H’ = 2.41±0.14 to 2.56±0.29) were only slightly differed among locations. Species richness and total abundance in each sites tend to increase along periods of observation, suggesting that bird community change in response to further structural habitat changes that occur as vegetations age. Furthermore, higher abundance occurred in larger area or in sites with more native plant species. The feeding guild costisting 7 groups and dominated by insectivore, both based on number of species (46.88%) and individuals (49.07%). Results of the study are expected to help identify more appropriate management of conservation and habitat restoration in the area.
Antioxidant Activity of Microalgae Extract Cosmarium sp. Using 2.2-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS) Radical Cation Assay
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.37735

Abstract

The demand for natural antioxidants has increased due to the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants, such as toxicity and carcinogenic properties. Microalgae face this requirement as they can produce numerous substances that have the potential to be antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Cosmarium extracts using ABTS radical cation assay and identify compounds probably responsible for it. Dried biomass was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents using the maceration method. Extracts were partially purified with TLC and column chromatography. Compound identification was conducted using GC-MS analysis. The result showed that ethanol extract has the best activity with the IC50 at 55.95 ppm, followed by hexane and ethyl acetate extracts with IC50 as much as 104.339 ppm and 180.07 ppm, respectively. Two active fractions were selected fraction after partial purification with chromatographic analysis. Fraction 1 gave IC50 at 99.6 ppm while fraction 2 gave better IC50 at 53.562 ppm, both categorized as strong antioxidants. Compounds identification by GC-MS revealed that both fractions contain fatty acids compounds with 9.12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) and hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) as the dominant compound in fractions 1 and 2, respectively. This study gave insight into the potential of ethanol fraction from Cosmarium sp. as a natural antioxidant. 
Floral Distribution and Diversity of Alien and Native Plants in Cebu Memorial Park, Cebu City, Philippines
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.38860

Abstract

Metro Cebu, Philippines has a history of over 800 years of urbanization, making it a unique location for urban ecological studies. Urbanization can have a significant impact on floral communities, but the species composition and variety of urban cemeteries in Metro Cebu have not been reported. We calculated floral species richness (N), abundance (n), evenness (PE), and diversity (H' and D) by conducting the first floral survey (local plants and alien plants) in an urban cemetery in Metro Cebu. Subsequently, we evaluated the distribution pattern of floral species and the relationships between the richness of floral species and human activities. A total of 61 floral species (n=1,515) were recorded, with the proportion of APs (n=53; 86.88%) being much larger than the number of NPS (n=8; 13.11%). Shannon-Wiener Diversity index was calculated to be 2.69, Simpson's Diversity index was 0.16, and Pielou's Evenness was 0.65. Our research provides the first information on floral species in Metro Cebu, Philippines, and serves as a baseline for future studies and conservation efforts.
In Vitro Multiplication of Nepenthes mirabilis Lour (Druce) with Variations Concentration of Sucrose and BAP
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.38588

Abstract

Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour) Druce is a rare ornamental plant and has high economic value so it needs to be preserved. This study aimed to analyze  effect of sucrose and BAP concentrations and their optimal interactions in the in vitro multiplication of Nepenthes mirabilis. Explants in the form of in vitro plantlets from Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Department of Biology, Semarang State University. The treatment was carried out by adding sucrose and BAP to murashige skoog (MS) media with various concentrations. The treatments were arranged in two factor completely randomized design with four replications. Plantlets were planted in the treatment medium for 10 weeks, then every week the growth of shoots and leaves of N. mirabilis was observed. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that  concentration of sucrose, BAP, and their interactions affected the growth of explants. Plantlets grown on media with sucrose concentration 20 g/l produced the highest number of shoots, media with concentrations BAP 3 and 2 ppm produced the highest number of shoots and number of leaves. Medium ½ MS with varying concentrations of sucrose 20 g/l with 3 ppm BAP and sucrose 20 g/l  with 2 ppm BAP resulted in the highest growth in the number of shoots and number of leaves. The composition of this medium can be used for the multiplication of  N. mirabilis.
Identification of Active Compounds of Tantrum Leaves (Indigofera tinctoria) as Natural Textile Dyes
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.39651

Abstract

The use of natural dyes as textile dyes is increasing due to environmentally friendly standards and does not require the use of synthetic dyes. By banning the use of synthetic dyes containing azo groups, this is the right moment to reintroduce natural dyes that have been abandoned for a long time. This study aims to identify the active compound of tantrum leaves (Indigofera tinctoria) as a natural textile dye by maceration extraction method with variations in maceration time and material treatment on wet and dry tantrum leaves. This experimental research method was carried out using several stages of analysis, namely the phytochemical test, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible Light) spectrophotometer. The results of the phytochemical tests showed that the compounds contained in the Indigofera tinctoria plant were indigo, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The FTIR test indicated that the dye content in the extract was from the indigo group. The results of the UV-Vis spectrum showed that there was maximum absorption in wet tantrum leaf extract, dry tantrum leaf extract, and alkaline extract at wavelengths of 406.50 nm, 365.50 nm, and 664.50 nm, respectively. Natural dyes in textiles have a positive impact on the environment, the color waste products are biodegradable and can be decomposed.
Beauveria bassiana Growth and Development in Various Liquid Media
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.39705

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana is entomopathogenic fungi that can be cultivated on solid or liquid media. The cultivation of B. bassiana on cracked corn medium leaves unwanted waste. Therefore, cultivating B. bassiana on liquid media is expected to shorten the cultivation time and leave no waste. The purpose of the research was to analyze the physical characteristics of the B. bassiana colony, nutritional changes of the liquid media, and  the pH level changes of the liquid media. This research used an experimental complete randomized design with six treatments and 4 times repetitions. The main phases of this research were the subculture of B. bassiana isolate; the preparation of liquid media consisting of distilled water, Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), Potato Sugar extract  (PSE), PSE+NPK 1%, PSE+coconut water, PSE+NPK 1%+coconut water each for 150 ml; B. bassisana inoculation into the liquid media; incubation process for 30 days; and measurement of fungal blastospore density, medium pH, and carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content. The results obtained from the morphological observation of B.bassiana on liquid media showed that the colonies are white, growing on the surface of the media with a powdery texture. There are some differences in the nutrient content of the media after 30 days of B. Bassiana incubation. After the incubation, there is an increase in carbohydrates and a decrease in protein and lipid content, as well as an increase in the pH level of the media.
Extract of cell culture Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) Decrease Blood Glucose Through Insulin Receptor Pathway
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.40221

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by the high blood glucose levels. The high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus needed an innovation in prevention, treatment and control of case. Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) is one of plants has the potential to develop as an antidiabetic. The pretest and posttest control group design were conducted to 30 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. The rats induced alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at dose of 125 mg/kg BW once day until the blood glucose above 200 mg/dL The hyperglycemic rats were divided into 5 groups, that were negative control (K-), positive control (K+, given glibenclamide 0.072 mg/200 gBW), P1 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 1 mg/kgBW), P2 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 10 mg/kgBW), and P3 (given E. glandiflorus cell extract 100 mg/kgBW). The rats were given E. glandiflorus and glibenclamide orally for 10 days. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out on day 0 and day 10, after 10 h fasting. The mechanism of antidiabetic effect of E. glandiflorus was explored by in silico. The mean of blood glucose levels on day 0 were 455.2 mg/dL (K), 422.8 mg/dL (K+), 469.8 mg/dL (P1), 355.5 mg/dL (P2) and 446 mg/dL (P3). The blood glucose levels on day 10 were 367.8 mg/dL (K-), 89.6 mg/dL (K+), 285.6 mg/dL (P1), 136.8 mg/dL (P2) and 104.8 (P3). Statistical analysis showed the difference between K- from P2(p=0.015) and P3 (p0.001). When compared with K+, only P3 showed no difference (p=0.873). Flavonoid of E. glandiflorus act on insulin receptor pathway and involved HK2, PTPN1, AKT1, PI3KR1, HRAS and GSK3B protein. These results showed that extract cell of E. glandiflorus have antidiabetic activity on insulin receptor pathway.  
CO2 Sequestration Using Sodium Hydroxide and Its Utilization for Chlorella sorokiniana Biomass Production
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.38182

Abstract

Chlorella is widely used for its fast growth rate and easy cultivation with 14–30% lipid content and 36–59% dry weight. Thus, sodium hydroxide is used to increase carbon consumption, biomass, and metabolites productions in microalgae. This study was conducted to observe the effect of sodium hydroxide addition on biomass and metabolites  production in photoautotrophic cultivated Chlorella sorokiniana. Microalgae C.sorokiniana (LIPI12-Al016) was obtained from the culture collection of Microalgae and Bioprocess Engineering Research Group laboratory, National Research and Innovation Agency. Then, the microalgae were cultivated in media with various concentrations of sodium hydroxide. Biomass production was measured by gravimetry, and carbon consumption was measured by acid-alkalimetry. Sodium hydroxide 60 mM gave the best growth, maximizing average carbon consumption to 691.8 mg.L-1 and biomass production to 598.3 mg.L-1. The utilization of NaOH in the medium did not increase the metabolites content, except for protein. Carbohydrate was the dominant metabolite among the others. Fatty acids profile mainly composed of C16 and C18 fatty acids, which are favorable for biodiesel production. These results gave an overview of the potency of microalgae C. sorokiniana as a CO2 mitigation agent and alternative sources of energy and nutrition.
The potential of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq and Scurrula ferruginea stem from Syzygium aqueum as source of natural antioxidant
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.39250

Abstract

Many studies show the antioxidant ability of the parasite plant. This study aims to determine the capacity of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq and Scurrula ferruginea stem from Syzygium aqueum to use as a natural antioxidant source. The sample was taken from the host Syzygium aqueum. The sampels were exraction with ethanol using maceration. The parameters determined spectrophotometrically using specific reagents that were antioxidant capacity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, phenolics compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoids using AlCl3, ascorbic acid using sulfosalicylic acid, while chlorophyll and carotenoid using dimethyl sulfoxide. The result of D. pentandra (L.) Miq and S. ferruginea extract showed that IC50 were 15.09±1.02 and 20.53±1.77 mg/ml, content of phenolics compounds were 557.45±19.77 and 433.99±20.89 mg GAE/ml extract, flavonoids were 9.72±0.23 and 3.02±0.71 mg QE/ml extract, chlorophylls-a were 2.67± 0.15 and 2.77±0,08 mg/g extract, chlorophylls-b were 3.34±0.06 and 3.44±0.04 mg/g extract, total chlorophylls were 6.01±0.21 mg/g extract, carotenoids were 1.71±0.01 and 2.10±0.01 mg/g extract respectively. The stems of both D. pentandra (L.) Miq and S. ferruginea from Syzygium aqueum have very strong antioxidant abilities so that they are potential to use as a source of natural antioxidants. The compounds support the antioxidant activity were phenolic, flavonoids, and ascorbic acids. The results of this study will open up opportunities to obtain new sources of antioxidants that can be utilized in human health management.

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