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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 97   98   99   100   101 
Proline Reduction and Increasing Growth of Vanilla Plants Induced by BNR Fungus with Dose of Goat Manure and Husk Charcoal Haryuni Haryuni; Muhamad Amin; Endang Suprapti; Tyas Soemarah Kurnia Dewi; Eko Hartoyo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.35618

Abstract

Goat manure and husk charcoal are agricultural wastes that have not been used optimally, contain soil microorganisms that are effective in converting nutrients into more perfect forms, play a role in improving soil physical properties and increase the ability of soil to bind nutrients. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of goat manure and husk charcoal to proline reduction and increase growth of vanilla plant induced by Binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR). The study was designed with a factorial completely randomized block design. The first factor is the dose of manure (0,5,10,15) g/plant, the second factor is the dose of husk charcoal (0,5, 10, 15) g/plant. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance ANOVA with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test (DMRT) with a significant difference of 5%. The effect of doses of goat manure and husk charcoal induced by BNR can reduce proline contents and increase growth of vanilla plant. The benefit of this research is to provide treatment information to reduce proline levels and increase plant growth with the application of goat fertilizer and husk charcoal.
Diversity of Tidal Swamp Rice (Oryza sativa) Cultivars Indigenously from South Kalimantan, Indonesia Dindin Hidayatul Mursyidin; Muhammad Zia Zul Haq; Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i1.33168

Abstract

Studies on genetic diversity and relationships are necessary for breeders and scientists to increase the effectiveness of future breeding programs. The tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the potential germplasms which has a prominent opportunity to be incorporated in the rice breeding program. This study aimed to investigate and reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of tidal swamp rice germplasms indigenously from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of ten rice samples, consisting of nine from this region and one from South Sumatera (an outgroup), and five selected RAPD markers, i.e., OPB-06, OPAJ-01, OPAB-17, OPAL-09, and OPAL-08, were used in this study. DNA amplifications were performed and programmed for one cycle of initial denaturation (5 min, 94ºC), 45 cycles of denaturation (30 sec, 94ºC), annealing (30 sec, 37ºC), and extension (1.5 min, 72ºC), as well as one cycle of final extension (7 min, 72ºC). The genetic similarity was analyzed using Dice’s coefficient method, whereas their relationship (dendrogram) by the UPGMA. The results showed that these germplasms have a moderate genetic diversity level, indicated by the polymorphism degree of 75.64%. The clustering analysis revealed that they are grouped into three main groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.70. In this case, Siam Unus is distantly related to the other cultivars and forms a solitaire group. Siam Unus also shows the farthest relationship with Sardani, an outgroup. It is a new finding for the genetic insight of tidal swamp rice of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, including their diversity and relationship. Thus, the results obtained from this study is useful in supporting future rice conservation and breeding programs.
Electroencephalogram Detection for Insomnia Patients: A Preliminary Study Inosensia Lionetta Pricillia; Ahmad Azhari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i2.36255

Abstract

Measurement of insomnia is currently generally carried out by medical practitioners by looking at the patient's condition accompanied by symptoms that refer to insomnia. In contrast, minimal quantitative measurements were found. This study proposes an alternative measurement with the acquisition of brainwave activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) in identifying sleep disorders. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can make it difficult to fall asleep difficult to stay asleep, or cause waking up too early and not being able to go back to sleep. Insomnia not only weakens energy levels and moods, but also a person's health, performance, and quality of life. This sleep disorder appears due to several factors, such as anxiety, stress, depression, bipolar disorder, or trauma. Photic stimulation is given as an attempt to find a person's body's response to light. Late adolescents with insomnia symptoms with an age range of 17-25 years were included as respondents, had previously been given a simulation test related to the treatment of sleep disorders, and identified severe, moderate, and mild insomnia. Acquisition using Narosky Mindwave Mobile 2 with the electrode in forehead position, Fp1. This study compares several types of insomnia data acquisition from previous studies and obtains patterns of insomniacs based on photic stimulation.
Liver Histopathology of Rats Induced by High-Fat Feed After Giving Neem Leaf Ethanol Extract Sri Isdadiyanto; Anggih Retno Pratiwi; Siti Muflichatun Mardiati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i2.34383

Abstract

Foods that contain high levels of fat can cause hyperlipidemia, which is one of the triggering factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Neem leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins which have the ability to act as hepatoprotectors. This study aimed to determine the Liver Histopathology of Rats Induced by High-Fat Feed After Giving Neem Leaf Ethanol Extract. Twenty-four the male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) were divided into 6 treatment groups, namely: normal control (P0); negative control (P1: given high-fat diet); P2 treatment (P1+ 8 mg/200gBW simvastatin); and P1+ the dose of neem leaf ethanolic extract of  75; 100; and 125 mg/200gBW (P3; P4; and P5). Fixation process with 10% Neutral Formalin Buffer (NFB) solution. Liver histopathological preparations were made by paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, histopathological observations with a 400x magnification microscope. Liver histopathology was analyzed descriptively, homogeneous and normally distributed data of liver weight and hepatocyte diameter were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test with a significance level of 5% using SPSS 16.0 software. The results showed that the administration of ethanolic extract of neem leaves could improve the liver histology structure. From this study it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of neem leaves can be used as an alternative hepatoprotector.
Application Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Remote Sensing Technology for Estimation of Tree Height in Heterogeneous Forest Francine Hematang; Agustinus Murdjoko; Hendri Hendri; Max Tokede
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i2.35637

Abstract

Tree height is an important piece of information in forest management. Cost, time, and effort are some of the limiting factors in extracting tree height values on a large scale. The canopy height model approach through aerial photography using UAV can be used to quickly estimate the height of large-scale trees combined with field measurements. CHM analysis was carried out using spatial statistics to get the maximum tree height value based on the tree canopy. Evaluation of accuracy in the form of statistical tests is used to assess the level of accuracy of the estimation. Photogrammetry results show that the obtained CHM has a resolution of 11.8 cm/pixel with the results of the evaluation of tree height accuracy having an RMSE of 2.4 m, MAE 2.0 m, SDE 3.8 m. The chi-square statistical test shows that the results of the tree height estimation accept H0 and there is a strong relationship between the observed tree height and the estimation through linear regression with an R2 value of 0.67. The broad estimation of height shows that Mansinam Island has a tree height in the range of 7 – 66 m. The dominant tree height is in the 19-30 m class with the number of individuals reaching 1,877 trees. This study shows that CHM obtained from aerial photography using low-cost UAVs is still able to estimate tree height well. For future studies, it is necessary to use a ground control point (GCP) to increase the accuracy of the elevation model and orthophoto.
Water Management Practices and Environmental Attitudes of Riparian Communities in Sapangdaku River, Cebu Island, Philippines Joje Mar Perino Sanchez; Reginald Raymund A. Caturza; Marchee T. Picardal; Judelynn M. Librinca; Ruby L. Armada; Hedeliza A. Pineda; Marnan T. Libres; Ma. Lourdes B. Paloma; Sherry P. Ramayla; Jay P. Picardal
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i2.36185

Abstract

Understanding the social-ecological dynamics of freshwater ecosystem is critical for effective planning and sustainable use of the resource. The study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile, anthropogenic activities, water utilization of the residents, and waste disposal practices along the Sapangdaku River. Here, we examined water utilization, waste disposal practices and their corresponding impact to health, and environmental attitudes of riverside dwellers (n=120) in Sapangdaku River by using a standardized social health and environmental attitudes survey, respectively. Results show that while river water is still largely used for bathing and backyard farming, its known function as (a) disposal area of human and animal waste, (b) quarry site for pebbles and sand and (c) laundry area significantly decreased in recent years. Responses revealed that occurrence of very common ailments such as cough, gastroenteric problems and skin problems are partly associated to poor river water quality. In terms of people’s environmental attitude, ecocentrism is both positively correlated to environmental movement activism (r=0.445, p=0.000) and human utilization of nature (r=-0.275, p=0.006), putting prime value on the sustainable use of river water that provides benefit to the community. Similarly, environmental movement activism and human utilization of nature (r=-0.327, p=0.001) indicates willingness to participate in environmental activities, hence supported by their decision not to use their environment unfavorably. These findings suggest that community’s concern for the river water resulted to increased participation in various strategies to better maximize the use of the river for various purposes. However, efficient management and restoration of river quality require a holistic view of the problem.
Antibacterial Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia Extract from Different Extraction Method Yuli Widiyastuti; Husnul Khotimah Matoha; Fitriana Fitriana
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i2.36223

Abstract

Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree/MA) is a powerful antimicrobial agent that could be one of the solutions to antimicrobial resistance. The important benefit of this plant comes from its volatile oil compounds named tea tree oil (TTO). On the other hand, studies related to the use of tea tree leaf extract as antimicrobial were still limited.  Therefore, an evaluation of the active compound content and antimicrobial activity of tea tree extract obtained from different extraction methods will be carried out. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to analysis the chemical profile,  the antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by broth dilution method. Based on the chromatographic profile of the extract indicated that cardiac glycosides and terpenoids could be present in maceration and soxhletation extracts. This study suggests that maceration and soxhletation yielded different bioactive compounds from  MA. Extracts of MA from both method have an excellent activity to inhibit the S. aureus, and E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. Maceration extract of MA has a stronger effect against E. coli meanwhile the soxhletation extract of MA reveals to have stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The both extract even obtained from different extraction method yielded the same MIC and MBC values namely = 0.1875% against E. coli. In contrast MBC of S. aureus range from two to fourfold of the MIC, and the maceration seem to have the highest MBC value (MBC = 12%).
Pectoral Fin Morphometry of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultivated in Different Aerator and Filter
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.37325

Abstract

The anomaly of the pectoral fin is caused by an inappropriate amount of oxygen and ammonia within the water, which is expected to be resolved by the combination usage of an aerator and filter. This study aimed to analyze the combination usage of an aerator and filter with different amounts toward the growth of Nile tilapia’s pectoral fin. This study used a 2×2 factorial completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments (ANF, AANF, AF, and AAF) with 6 replications. The measurement variable of the pectoral fin includes length, width, weight, and the ratio of the pectoral fin’s length with the total size of the fish. The measurement was analyzed using two way-ANOVA and continued with the LSD test. The results of the combination usage of the aerator and filter revealed a significant effect (P0.05) on the pectoral fin length, pectoral fin width, pectoral fin weight, and ratio of pectoral fin length to total body length. The research’s conclusion was the combination of usage aerator and filter had a positive impact on the growth of Nile tilapia’s pectoral fin. The study’s novelty is the combination usage of an aerator and filter with a different number to promote the growth of the cell within the pectoral fin of Nile tilapia. This research would benefit people through the discovery of the combination usage of an aerator and filter to improve the growth of Nile tilapia’s pectoral fin.
Molecular Identfication of Bacillus pumilus BY 16S rRNA from Abattoir Wastewater
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.37319

Abstract

Abattoir is one of the most pronounced but yet ignored sources of highly recalcitrant wastewater that pose many environmental challenges and cause harm to mankind. However, little was reported on the molecular identification of bacterial committee from the abattoir wastewater. This study aimed at isolation and molecular identification of most abundant bacterium species from wastewater of abattoir. Wastewater sample was collected, isolate and identify the most abundant bacterium by gram staining and microscopy. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from the isolated bacterium and conducted 16S rRNA PCR amplification. Multiple sequence and phylogenetic relationship among other 8 Bacillus species and 1 outgroup were inferred by comparing the sequence data sets from NBCI. The biochemical identification analyses indicated that the bacterium is gram positive with Bacillus shape and cream-yellow colour. 16S rRNA and bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that the most abundant isolated bacterium is Bacillus pumilus with 99% identification. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree analysis discovered that the identified bacterium from this study is more closely related to Bacillus species as they share the same clade. The sequence is partial as compared with the other deposited sequences in the GeneBank. This study provides an insight on the microbial species of Nigeria abattoir wastewater which was identified using molecular approach. As well, gave a clue for potential treatment of the wastewater.
Application of Three Weed Pathogenic Fungi on Bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinnensis)
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 14, No 3 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.39451

Abstract

Weed pathogenic fungi play an important role in biological control of weeds. Weeds grow a lot among cultivated plants, the role of weed pathogenic fungi to cultivated plants is not yet known. This research aimed to determine the effect of weed pathogenic fungi on bok choy. The research was carried out in Tambaksogra Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency at an altitude of 100 m above sea level. Randomized block design was used with treatments of weed pathogenic fungi (Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Chaetomium sp., Fusarium sp. + Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. + Chaetomium sp., Curvularia sp. + Chaetomium sp., and Fusarium sp. + Curvularia sp. + Chaetomium sp.) repeated four times. The observed variables included symptoms, incubation period, disease intensity, disease incidence, infection rate, AUDPC, number of leaves, plant height, and plant fresh and dry weight. Results showed that Weed pathogenic fungi of Curvularia sp. and Chaetomium sp. alone or in combination did not affect bok choy indicated by disease intensity of 0 %, and did not affect plant height, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight. The weed pathogenic fungi can be used as a bioherbicide in bok choy. To control weeds in bok choy plantations, both weed pathogenic fungi are recommended to be used. The further application of weed pathogenic fungi needs to be continued to other cultivated plants besides bokchoy.

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