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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Energy
The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy Architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen Production Technology, Energy Policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency and management The journal was first introduced in February 2012 and regularly published online three times a year (February, July, October).
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 573 Documents
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Consistent Regime-Switching Lasso Model of the Biomass Proximate Analysis Higher Heating Value Akara Kijkarncharoensin; Supachate Innet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.47831

Abstract

Prediction accuracy is crucial for higher heating value (HHV) models to promote renewable biomass energy, especially its consistency is crucial when retraining data and knowledge of the range are unavailable. Current HHV models lack consistency in accuracy and interpretability due to various reasons. Thus, this study aimed to construct an interpretable and consistent proximate-based biomass HHV model on a wide-range dataset. The model, regime-lasso, integrated the concepts of regime-switching, lasso regression, and federated averaging to construct a consistent HHV model. The regime-switching partitioned the dataset into optimal regimes, and the lasso trained the regime models. The regime-lasso model is a collection of these models. It provided root  mean square error of 0.4430– 0.9050, mean absolute error of 0.2743–0.6867, and average absolute error of 1.512–4.5894% in the literature’s wide-range datasets. The Kruskal–Wallis test confirmed the in-sample performance consistency at α=0.05, regardless of the training sets. In the out-of-sample situations without retraining, the model preserved its accuracy in six out of 11 datasets at α = 0.01. The interpretability of regime-lasso indicated the regime characteristic to be a factor of inconsistent prediction. The increase in FC had the maximum positive impact on HHV in the 2nd and 3rd regimes, while the increase in ASH negatively impacted the 1st and 2nd regimes. VM variation had neutral effects in all regimes. The regime-lasso solves the issues of accuracy declination and addresses the challenges in sensitivity analysis of the HHV model. The prediction accuracy issues of the model’s direct implementation were fixed.
An Investigation into the Role of Tourism Growth, Conventional Energy Consumption and Real Income on Ecological Footprint Nexus in France Marymagdaline Enowmbi Tarkang; Fetus Fatai Adedoyin; Festus Victor Bekun
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.43246

Abstract

Previously documented studies in the literature on how tourism leads to economic growth in the form of tourism-led growth hypotheses (TLGH) has been investigated. This study presents a new perspective on the growth of tourism by considering its impact on conventional energy consumption, real income level, and emission via the channel of globalization. Sequences of econometric tests were conducted to validate the hypothesized claims between tourism development and growth impact on conventional energy consumption and pollution proxy by ecological footprints, globalization GDP per capita, biocapacity, and tourists for the case of France. Empirical evidence from the Granger causality test presents a uni-directional causality from ecological footprints to GDP per capita and from biocapacity to ecological footprints. The correlation matrix shows interrelation amongst series with biocapacity significantly correlating with ecological footprints with tourist’s arrival having a positive correlation with ecological footprints and a negative one with biocapacity. GPD per capita was found to positively affect the ecological footprints and have a negative correlation with biocapacity and a significant relationship with tourists' arrivals. Additionally, globalization exerts a positive impact on ecological footprints, and its effect on biocapacity was found to be negative although globalization's effect on tourists’ arrivals and per capita GDP is significant. The ARDL estimation indicated biocapacity as a neutral agent for ecological footprints, tourist arrivals having a negative impact on ecological footprints, and globalization significantly affecting ecological footprints. From these findings, it is evident that tourism growth has a significant impact on energy consumption and pollution. Policy recommendations were also provided in this study accordingly. 
The Various Designs of Storage Solar Collectors: A Review Omer K Ahmed; Sameer Algburi; Raid W. Daouda; Hawazen N Shubat; Enas F Aziz
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.45969

Abstract

The use of solar energy to heat water is the more critical application of solar energy. Researchers are trying to develop different methods to improve the efficiency of solar water heaters to meet the increasing demand for hot water due to global population growth. To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of solar heaters, the solar collector and the storage tank are combined into one part, and this system is called solar storage collector. It can be defined as geometric shapes filled with water, painted black, and placed under the influence of sunlight to gain the largest amount of solar energy. This article presents the various designs of solar storage collector. This review showed that design variables and design shape significantly affect the efficiency of the solar heating system. Climate and operational factors also have a strong influence on the performance of solar heating. Furthermore, scientists and researchers have also used nanotechnology, solar cells, and mirrors to improve other stored solar collectors' performance. Finally, recently published articles indicate an increase in interest in improving the efficiency of solar storage collector by creating new designs that enhance the economic and practical viability.
Numerical Analysis of Transfer of Heat by Forced Convection in a Wavy Channel Naseer Abboodi Madlool; Mohammed J Alshukri; Ammar I Alsabery; Adel A Eidan; Ishak Hashim
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.46838

Abstract

Convective heat transfer of laminar forced convection in a wavy channel is studied in this paper. Numerical simulations of the 3D steady flow of Newtonian fluid and heat transfer characteristics are obtained by the finite element method. The effects of the Reynolds number (10 ≤Re≤1000), number of oscillations (0 ≤N≤5) and amplitude of the wall (0.05 ≤A≤0.2) on the heat transfer have been analyzed. The results show that the average Nusselt number is elevated as the Reynolds number is raised, showing high intensity of heat transfer, as a result of the intensified effects of the inertial and zones of recirculation close to the hot wavy wall. The rate of heat transfer increases about 0.28% with the rise of the number of oscillations. In the transfer of heat along a wavy surface, the number of oscillations and the wave amplitude are important factors. With an increment in the number of oscillations, the maximal value of the average velocity is elevated, and its minimal value occurs when the channel walls are straight. The impact of the wall amplitude on the average Nusselt number and dimensionless temperature tends to be stronger compared to the impact of the number of oscillations. An increase of the wall amplitude improves the rate of heat transfer about 0.91% when the Reynolds number is equal 100. In addition, when the Reynolds number is equal 500, the rate of heat transfer grows about 1.1% with the rising of the wall amplitude.
Optimization and Analysis of a Low-Pressure Water Scrubbing Biogas Upgrading System via the Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology Approaches Gad Reuben Mugagga; Isaiah Bosire Omosa; Thomas Thoruwa
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48269

Abstract

Biogas upgrading is essential in order to increase the calorific value and improve the quality of raw biogas. This present study aims at investigating the optimum performance of a near atmospheric pressure water scrubbing (NAPWS) system for biogas upgrading while using both the adsorption and absorption techniques. This was achieved through a two-stage process: namely, the Taguchi approach followed by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Taguchi orthogonal array design consisted of 27 runs where the raw biogas pressure (10 - 30 kPa), liquid flow rates (2.6 - 4.2 l/ min.) and variations of the steel wool height (0 - 45.72 cm) in the adsorption column were experimentally studied with respect to the methane (CH4) yield and removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). From the experiments, the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide was greater than 87% with the average bio-methane content of 77.67%. During the second-stage, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the RSM were undertaken for optimization of the process parameters. The optimum bio-methane concentration of 84.71 (%v/v) CH4 and 13.31 (%v/v) CO2 was attained at gas pressure of 14kPa, liquid flow rate of 4.2 l/min., and steel wool height at 22.86cm obtained through numerical optimization. These results revealed that the utilization of the Taguchi and the RSM yielded to the best optimal system performance with the liquid flow rate as the most significant factor
Study of Two Layered Immiscible Fluids Flow in a Channel with Obstacle by Using Lattice Boltzmann RK Color Gradient Model Salaheddine Channouf; Youssef Admi; Mohammed Jami; Mohammed Amine Moussaoui
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.46696

Abstract

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed in the current work to simulate two-phase flows of immiscible fluids over a square obstacle in a 2D computational domain using the Rothman-Keller color gradient model. This model is based on the multiphase Rothman-Keller description, it is used to separate two fluids in flow and to assess its efficacy when treating two fluids in flow over a square obstacle with the objective of reducing turbulence by adjusting the viscosities of the two fluids. This turbulence can cause major problems such as interface tracking techniques in gas-liquid flow and upward or downward co-current flows in pipes. So, the purpose of the study is to replace a single fluid with two fluids of different viscosities by varying these viscosities in order to reduce or completely eliminate the turbulence. The results show that to have stable, parallel and non-overlapping flows behind the obstacle, it is necessary that the difference between the viscosities of the fluids be significant. Also, showing that the increase in the viscosity ratio decreases the time corresponding to the disappearance of the vortices behind the obstacle. The results presented in this work have some general conclusions: For M≥2, the increase in the viscosity difference leads to an increasing of friction between fluids, reducing of average velocity of flow and decreasing the time corresponding to the disappearance of the vortices behind the obstacle. However, for M≤1/2, the opposite occurs.
An Improvement of Catalytic Converter Activity Using Copper Coated Activated Carbon Derived from Banana Peel Abdul Hamid; Misbakhul Fatah; Wahyu Budi Utomo; Ike Dayi Febriana; Zeni Rahmawati; Annafiyah Annafiyah; Aurista Miftahatul Ilmah
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48739

Abstract

The emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) from vehicle exhaust gas generates an adverse effect to the environment as well as the human health. Therefore, the need to reduce such emission is urgent. The decrease of the emission can be achieved through the use of catalytic converter. This study explains the application of catalytic converter prepared from activated carbon to enhance the activity through its adsorption ability. The activated carbon was derived from banana peels after heating them up at 400 ºC for 1.5 hours and activation using natrium hydroxide (NaOH). Several techniques including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were adopted to characterize the activated carbon properties. The activated carbon formed was then coated with copper. The activity of the catalytic converter using activated carbon coated with copper was then tested for its performance on diesel engine Yanmar TF 70 LY-DI with variations in the number of catalyst layers, namely 1 layer (C1), 2 layers (C2) and 3 layers (C3). Sample with three layers (C3) of catalyst exhibited the highest activity with the percentage efficiency in reducing emissions concentration of 48.76 %; 31.27 % and 29.35 % for NOx, NO and CO, respectively.
Thermal Characteristics of Coconut Shells as Boiler Fuel Muhamad Yulianto; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Sri Endah Agustina; Chandra Gupta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 2 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48349

Abstract

Agricultural waste products, such as wood, rice husk, corn waste, and coconut shells, are abundantly available  and can potentially be used as an energy source, particularly  for direct combustion in boilers. Because coconut production increases every year, it would be useful to find an alternative use for coconut shells, which are a type of coconut waste. As coconut shells can be used as fuel in boilers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of coconut shells in this regard. This study used experimental results to evaluate the performance of a boiler when coconut shells were used as solid fuel. The variations in feed rate were 5, 7.5, and 10 kg/h, and the water flow rates varied between 1 litre per minute (lpm), 2 lpm, and  3 lpm. Temperature data were collected every second via data acquisition , and the mass flow rate of the flue gas was collected every 5 min using a pitot tube equation. One of the parameters evaluated in determining the success of coconut shells as boiler fuel is the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The results showed that the maximum thermal efficiency reached approximately 62.04%, and the maximum flue gas temperature was approximately 500 ℃ for a biomass mass flow rate of 7.5 kg/h. The maximum water temperature of the boiler was 99 ℃, which was reached at a minimum water flow rate of 1 lpm. The results showed that coconut shells are suitable for use as boiler fuel. 
Optimization of a Management Algorithm for an Innovative System of Automatic Switching between Two Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Modes for an Ecological Production of Green Energy Yahya Lahlou; Abdelghani Hajji; Mohammed Aggour
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.47137

Abstract

Today, renewable energy and energy efficiency are key to limiting global warming and preventing the dangerous effects of climate change. The biggest problem with conventional solar and wind turbine systems is the intermittency of electrical power generation. Even if these two energy sources can be complementary, the space occupied by these hybrid systems remains very important. This work proposes an improved management algorithm for a patented transformable photovoltaic-wind system, which mainly uses two flexible photovoltaic panels which are automatically deformed by an electromechanical system from the planar shape to the semi-cylindrical shape of the Savonius wind turbine blades. When weather conditions change, this system switches to eco-friendly photovoltaic (PV) or wind turbine (WT) mode, allowing a good total power generation from two solar power sources or wind turbine power. The contribution brought for this work relates to the realization and the improvement of the management algorithm to determine a better change to the mode PV or the mode WT. The operation test was simulated in 8760 hours for the year 2021. This developed algorithm allows several theoretical calculations of the power produced from solar radiation and wind speed data, thereafter the algorithm compare and determines the overall power and selects the optimal PV or WT mode. In this study, the overall power generated by the invented system produces more electricity per hour, the power Pt increases by 75.55% compared to the power Pwt, and also the power Pt increases by 68.15% compared to Pvp power.
Microgrid Hybrid Solar/Wind/Diesel and Battery Energy Storage Power Generation System: Application to Koh Samui, Southern Thailand Rawit Khamharnphol; Ismail Kamdar; Jompob Waewsak; Weerasak Chaichan; Sakrapee Khunpetch; Somphol Chiwamongkhonkarn; Chuleerat Kongruang; Yves Gagnon
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 2 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.47761

Abstract

This paper presents the optimization of a 10 MW solar/wind/diesel power generation system with a battery energy storage system (BESS) for one feeder of the distribution system in Koh Samui, an island in southern Thailand.  The main objectives are to maximize the deployment of renewable energy-based power generation and to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE).  A hybrid renewable energy-based power generation system, consisting of solar PV, wind turbine generators, diesel generator (DiG), bi-directional grid-tied charging inverter (CONV) and BESS, was simulated using HOMER Pro®. This study accessed the database of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) for the global solar radiation and temperature, along with the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) wind database. The simulations show that Scenario 1 (PV/Wind/DiG/BESS/CONV) and Scenario 3 (PV/DiG/BESS/CONV) are the optimal configurations regarding the economic indicators (i.e. minimum net present costs (NPC) of 438 M$ and LCOE of 0.20 $/kWh) and the environmental indicators (i.e. lowest greenhouse gases (GHG) emission avoidances of 6,339 tonnes/year and highest renewable fraction (RF) of 89.4%). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis illustrates that Scenario 3 offers the optimal system type with the largest annual energy production (AEP). Besides contributing to the body of knowledge of optimization methodologies for microgrid hybrid power systems, the outcome of this work will assist the regional energy practitioners and policy makers regarding optimal configurations of microgrid hybrid systems in the development of a Green Island concept for Koh Samui.

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