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Andalas Journal of International Studies
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23018208     EISSN : 23559500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Social Sciences Other
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) is a journal published by Andalas Institute of International Studies (ASSIST) which contain research and analytical platform dedicated to a better understanding of International issues and aims to craft the alternatives in International Studies. AJIS focuses on publishing the original research articles related to International Studies, International Development, Internatinal Relations, Global Studies, Global political studies, Global Political Economy, diplomacy, global and local relations and others related topic to International Studies.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 173 Documents
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The Emergence of the Wagner Group in Mali: An Overview from the Perspective of Conventional Constructivism Vieri Abdurrafi; Arfin Sudirman; Muhammad Fikry Anshori
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 2 (2025): Published in November 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.2.190-206.2025

Abstract

Wagner Group is a Russian private military company that provides security services in conflict-affected countries. Mali stands out as Wagner Group's key security partners because Wagner entered an already fragmented rebellion, while replacing France as the state’s principal security partner. The interaction of these two actors is a complex dynamic in international relations. Wagner Group, as a non-state actor, signed a security agreement with the Malian government following the military coups of 2020 and 2021. The emergence of the Wagner Group in Mali raises serious concerns about the legitimacy of private military company operations in conflict areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate the reasons or motives for the Wagner Group's presence in Mali by looking at international norms governing private military companies, as well as the Malian state's national identity and interests through the lens of conventional constructivism that emphasises the dialectical relationship between actors and structures. The study employs a qualitative research method with an analytical descriptive approach. Data were gathered through online research, literature reviews, and documentation. To ensure data validity, triangulation techniques were used to increase the reliability and depth of the study. The findings show that Wagner Group operates in the normative grey areas of international law, reconstructing the narrative of the self-defense norm to legitimize security privatization. Furthermore, a shift in Mali's national identity based on anti-colonial perception has allowed political elites to justify the Wagner Group's presence as a means of safeguarding national sovereignty against terrorism and internal instability.
The Dynamics of Security Issues in the European Region: A Case Study of the Formation of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) Agung Permadi; Yusran Yusran; Syahrul Awal
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Published in May 2026
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.15.1.30-41.2026

Abstract

European security has transitioned from military-centric strategies to strategies based on multidimensional threats including migration, cyber-attacks, hybrid warfare, and regional conflicts. This change indicates the transformation of the EU strategy regarding the identification and addressing of security challenges, affecting European strategic autonomy and the EU-NATO partnership. A significant part of these changes is the creation of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in 2017, with EU member states pledging deeper military collaboration and creating joint capabilities with increased military spending. This study examines: what was the impact of the amity in Europe on the uneven collective response of the EU to the establishment of PESCO in 2017? Through the application of qualitative comparative case study methodology and Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver’s Regional Security Complex Theory, and focusing on the concept of amity, the author aims to analyze the divide and cooperation among European states. The results show that the creation of PESCO was an institutional response to the 2014 Crimean crisis and the Russian aggression, along with the strong amity of the twenty-five founding signatories, while Denmark, Malta, and the UK remained outside of the initiative for constitutional, historical, and structural reasons, respectively, including Brexit. This demonstrates the limits of amity as a driver of a binding institutional commitment. It was shown that PESCO is a sincere but uneven response to regional security challenges and that NATO is still the predominant channel of European security.
Explaining the Effect of Tribal Structures on Political Decision-Making: A Case Study of Post-2001 Afghanistan Sayed Israr Samim; Ridwan Ridwan; Aizizuddin Nijat; Mubarak Sha Hassan
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Published in May 2026
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.15.1.15-29.2026

Abstract

This study examines how tribal structures as informal institutions affect the political decision-making process in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2021. Tribal structures refer to social relations based on tribes, which bring together groups of people and help them influence social life. These structures are often referred to as Khan, Malik, Mashran, Jirga, and Shora in Afghan society. This study employs the informal institution theory as its theoretical framework. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews with two categories of participants (tribal structures and politicians). The study relies on secondary data sources such as books, journal articles, reports, policy documents, and websites for its theoretical foundations. The study finds that tribal structures have a considerable impact on shaping local and regional political decision-making through local kinship systems and community councils. In contrast, their influence on national-level political decision-making is limited due to a centralised institutional system, a clear decision-making process according to the constitution and external pressure. By examining Afghanistan's tribal structures, the article contributes to the broader international relations discourses on state-building, state legitimacy, and informal governance in weak and post-conflict states. Additionally, the findings are expected to raise awareness among politicians regarding the informal influence of tribal structures and their impact on political decision-making, thus contributing to both scholarly discourse and practical governance.

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