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Andalas Journal of International Studies
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23018208     EISSN : 23559500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Social Sciences Other
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) is a journal published by Andalas Institute of International Studies (ASSIST) which contain research and analytical platform dedicated to a better understanding of International issues and aims to craft the alternatives in International Studies. AJIS focuses on publishing the original research articles related to International Studies, International Development, Internatinal Relations, Global Studies, Global political studies, Global Political Economy, diplomacy, global and local relations and others related topic to International Studies.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 163 Documents
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The Role of Private Military Companies in Defense Policy and Military Operations Sarjito, Aris
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 12, No 1 (2023): Published in May 2023
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.12.1.38-53.2023

Abstract

This research explores the role of private military companies (PMCs) in defense policy and military operations. This research utilizes a qualitative approach, primarily relying on secondary data sources such as government reports, academic articles, and legal documents. The findings highlight PMCs' diverse legal and regulatory landscape, including international conventions and national legislation. These frameworks aim to provide oversight and accountability for the activities of PMCs, addressing their status, recruitment, and operational limitations. Furthermore, the study highlights the ethical considerations associated with using PMCs, such as human rights abuses, transparency, and accountability issues. Lastly, it uncovers the geopolitical implications of relying on PMCs, including the potential erosion of state sovereignty, regional power dynamics, and the risk of conflict escalation.
The Rise of Ethno-nationalism in the Globalisation Era: Comparative Analysis of AfD Germany and BJP India Fitria, Vany
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): Published in May 2024
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.13.1.48-62.2024

Abstract

As integral components of the global movement, both nationalism and globalisation play significant roles in the rise of ethno-nationalism, particularly influenced by the emergence of social media. Today, nationalist populist figures can easily and extensively disseminate their values through various social media platforms, effectively turning this technology into an echo chamber for ethno-nationalist leaders. Their strategy to spread influence often involves promoting xenophobic propaganda narratives that glorify their supreme goals and identity while alienating minorities perceived as threats. This article critically examines the rise of ethno-nationalism, and the crucial role played by social media, focusing on two political parties: the Alternative for Germany (AfD) in Germany and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India. Using qualitative descriptive methods and a case study approach, this research reveals that in both cases, ethno-nationalist leaders utilise Islamophobic populism by alienating Islam and framing Muslims as "the other." Furthermore, social media serves as a critical tool for ethno-nationalist parties to spread their agenda and strengthen connections with their supporters.
Analysis of the Reciprocity of Bilateral Relations between Indonesia and Brazil in 2014 – 2021 Pratiwi, Cahayu Anggita; Yunita, Primadiana
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 12, No 2 (2023): Published in November 2023
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.12.2.109-120.2023

Abstract

The longstanding trade relationship between Indonesia and Brazil suggests potential reciprocity in their bilateral interactions, primarily driven by significant trade activities in sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing, which are crucial for robust international cooperation. This study employs the cooperation hexagon concept and uses a descriptive qualitative method to examine the bilateral trade cooperation between Indonesia and Brazil from 2014 to 2021, assessing the reciprocity in the relationship dynamics. The analysis reveals an absence of reciprocity, particularly in the areas of trust and mutual benefits, highlighting a systematic failure to meet crucial cooperation variables. Despite the historical continuity of these relations, the findings emphasize an urgent need for Indonesia to intensify efforts to build more effective cooperation with Brazil. Enhancing this cooperation could leverage mutual benefits and strategic alignments, which are essential for addressing contemporary global challenges and opportunities.
Resolusi Konflik Internasional: Studi Kasus Konflik Bersenjata Sipil antara Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) dan Rapid Support Force (RSF) di Sudan Prayuda, Rendi; Syafrana, Riski; Sundari, Rio; Shiddiqy, M. Arsy Ash
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 13, No 2 (2024): Published in November 2024
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.13.2.211-222.2024

Abstract

Sudan is located in the Sahel “Coup Belt” region, which has a long history of coups and military rule in Africa. Tensions peaked on April 15, 2023 when Rapid Support Force (RSF) paramilitary forces led by Mohamed Hamdan “Hemedti” Dagalo and Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) forces loyal to General Fattah al-Burhan fought in the capital region, Khartoum. This paper aims to analyze the conflict resolution of civil armed conflict between SAF and RSF in Sudan. This paper uses a qualitative method with documentation studies as a source of research information. The results of this study indicate that there are conflict resolution efforts that have been made to achieve peace in the country of Sudan. By using Johan Galtung's conflict resolution approach, three forms of resolution models have been grouped, namely Peacemaking with the help of IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development), AU (African Union), Saudi Arabia and the United States, Peacekeeping with the help of the UN Security Council mandate namely UNITAMS United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan) and Peacebuilding by forming three framework agreements namely the Juba Peace Agreement (JPA), the Treaty of Jeddah and the Sudan Framework.
Indonesia Halal Diplomacy: Strategizing Nation Branding to Win Global Market Viartasiwi, Nino; Ramadhani, Geubrina Putri; Fitrie, Innayathul
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 13, No 2 (2024): Published in November 2024
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.13.2.174-194.2024

Abstract

Indonesia aspires to be the global champion in the halal industry. The growing domestic halal industry and halal economy lay the groundwork for entering the global halal market. The study examines Indonesian halal diplomacy by observing the halal industry's development and the progress of foreign relations to illuminate Indonesia’s strategies to win the global halal market. The research methods is qualitative with review to relevant reports and observation as the main data collection method. The findings indicate that despite Indonesia’s efforts to win the global halal market, it is still remote from achieving its goal. The study argues that to boost halal diplomacy, Indonesia can capitalize on its nation branding as a modern democracy with the largest Muslim population in the world and the society's halal lifestyle. The study suggests that the consolidation of nation branding, the development of a domestic halal ecosystem, government orchestration, and public participation will develop and sustain halal diplomacy.
Diplomasi Air Indonesia: Pelbagai Aspek dan Tujuan Negara Karisma, Gita; Sulistyo, Iwan; Wiranata, Indra Jaya
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 13, No 2 (2024): Published in November 2024
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.13.2.195-210.2024

Abstract

Water diplomacy is needed to cooperate and find solutions to water issues. Water diplomacy can be political especially when it involves transnational waters and can even trigger conflicts between countries. Indonesia does not yet have transnational water and interstate water conflicts but remains actively involved in various world water forums. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical research to see Indonesia's water diplomacy. Access to clean water due to its vast territory has caused problems for Indonesia. This issue is one that Indonesia fights for in its water diplomacy. In addition, this research found that Indonesia's water diplomacy focuses on multilateralism. Indonesia is only at the starting point, but several aid projects for clean water and access have been obtained. Indonesia's water diplomacy involves political, integrative, and cooperative aspects. Politically, Indonesia is involved in various regional cooperation frameworks and has a partnership with the Mekong River Commission (MRC) even though Indonesia is not a Mekong River crossing country. Multilateral forums are also used to build cooperation and even fulfill integrative aspects such as efforts to create a Global Water Fund. In addition, Indonesia has shown leadership in engaging in several water policy issues while pushing its interests.
Strategic Hedging Act: An Assessment of Indonesia's Decision to Join BRICS Nahak, Theresa Alicia; Kalisang, Rahel Jechire
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Published in May 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.1.1-14.2025

Abstract

Indonesia has always sought to maintain a neutral position in cooperating with Western countries, especially the United States, as well as with non-Western countries. However, on 6 January 2025, Indonesia took a surprising step by joining BRICS. BRICS is a multilateral institution aiming to reduce dependence on Western financial systems through the New Development Bank (NDB) and counter the dominance of the US dollar through the Local Currency Settlement (LCS) scheme. Indonesia’s entry into BRICS raises questions about the rationale behind such a move. Using Kuik and Goh's strategic hedging theory, which posits that small and medium economic powers maintain flexibility to navigate great-power pressure and uncertainty in order to protect themselves from risks and losses, this study employs qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the reasons behind Indonesia's decision to join BRICS. First, Indonesia joined BRICS as a form of economic pragmatism, driven by its current economic growth and China’s expanding influence in developing countries, positioning BRICS as a strategic opportunity for Indonesia’s prosperity. Second, Indonesia seeks to diversify its economy by fostering formal and informal ties with BRICS members and leveraging the NDB as an alternative financial institution to reduce reliance on Western-dominated systems. Third, BRICS membership is expected to elevate Indonesia’s global standing, enhance its bargaining power, and provide a platform to advance its national agenda in international decision-making processes.
Perceptions of the EU’s Indo-Pacific Policy in the Philippines Ziegenhain, Patrick
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Published in May 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.1.32-43.2025

Abstract

The rise of the Indo-Pacific region as a key strategic and economic area has prompted the European Union (EU) to increase its engagement there. The EU, whose foreign policy approach is closely related to the liberalism macro theory in International Relations (IR), has thus developed a robust strategy to work more closely with Southeast Asian countries, such as the Philippines. The research question of this study is how the political elites and the general public in the Philippines perceive the EU's efforts in Southeast Asia. The research findings are that the EU is perceived positively, but awareness of the EU's foreign policy initiatives among the political elites and the general public remains relatively low. Academics and local experts underline the potential benefits of EU partnerships beyond the military dimension, which is in accordance with a traditional liberal foreign policy. However, there is criticism of the EU's perceived moral stance and capabilities in the region, with doubts about its willingness to engage militarily in regional conflicts, which would stand in contrast to a liberal foreign policy approach. Overall, while the Philippine government and general public welcomes the EU's commitment to a rules-based order in the face of Chinese encroachment, skepticism remains about the EU's strategic relevance and practical impact in safeguarding Philippine interests.
Leveraging Asymmetric Relations in Sister City Relationships Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira; Al-Fadhat, Faris; Mukti, Takdir Ali; Warsito, Tulus
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Published in May 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.1.15-31.2025

Abstract

This research analyzes the Sister City collaboration model that influences the success of economic cooperation between local governments. Sister City Relationship (SCR) is a form of subnational diplomacy that connects cities across countries through formal agreements, aiming to promote economic, cultural, and social cooperation. However, many SCR initiatives remain symbolic and fail to generate tangible benefits. This study proposes a more strategic approach by examining how asymmetry between cities can enhance economic cooperation. The theoretical framework adopts an asymmetric approach, arguing that mutual compatibility can emerge from unequal relationships. Compatibility is operationalized through indicators such as: (1) Area, (2) Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and (3) Human Development Index (HDI), which reflect the economic and developmental capacity of a city or region. A coupling model is used to categorize relationships into Big-Small and Small-Big pairings, referring respectively to partnerships where a big Local Cities collaborates with a smaller Foreign Cities, and vice versa. These asymmetric configurations are found to be more effective than symmetrical pairings, which often struggle with overlapping interests and lack of reciprocity. Empirical findings based on selected SCR cases in Indonesia such as Bandung, Surabaya and Medan, shows that coupling cities with complementary resources, rather than equal status, enables more dynamic and outcome-driven engagements. The study offers both theoretical and practical contribution for designing more strategic and resource-based asymmetric relations.
Assessment of the UN’s Role in Peacekeeping and Development in East Timor Amalia, Ridha; Syuryansyah, Syuryansyah
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): Published in May 2025
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.14.1.44-59.2025

Abstract

This article examines the United Nations' (UN) intervention in East Timor, highlighting its success as a model of international peacekeeping in the context of internal conflict. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method, drawing on a literature review of various secondary sources, including UN reports, scholarly journals, and previous research. The study examines three primary aspects: the international context and the foundations of intervention based on peacekeeping and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P); the perspectives of the East Timorese community regarding the UN intervention; and an evaluation of peacekeeping missions, including UNAMET, UNTAET, and UNMIT. The findings reveal that while the UN operations in East Timor were generally successful in supporting the transition to independence and creating stability, challenges in achieving sustainable development and empowering local communities remain significant tasks. This study highlights the importance of adopting a responsive approach to local contexts to ensure the sustainability of peace. The experience in East Timor offers strategic insights for the implementation of future international peacekeeping missions.

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