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Struktur komunitas makroarthropoda tanah di lahan pertanian durian di kawasan Gunungpati Febri Edo; Udi Tarwotjo; Rully Rahadian
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The objective of this study is to compare community structures, which include diversity, abundance, evenness, and macroarthropod dominance of monoculture durian farmland, polyculture durian farmland and non-durian farmland (arabica coffee) in Gunungpati region. This research is an exploratory observation carried out from February to March 2019. Samplingwas done using pitfal trap. The identification of samples was carried out in the Diponegoro University Ecology and Biosystematics laboratory. Data analysis was carried out by calculating diversity index (H'), evenness (e), dominance (D), richness, Sorenson test and Hutcheson t-test. The results showed that arthropods in monoculture farmland were found 195 individuals, in polyculture farmland were found 181 individuals and in arabica coffee farmland were found 229 arthropods. Diversity index (H') and evenness (e) in monoculture farmland were lower than in polyculture farmland and arabica coffee farmland. The three areas are dominated by the family Formicidae. The three fields have a high degree of similarity. Overall 8 families were found as predators, 4 families as herbivores, 3 families as detritivores and 1 family as decomposers.

Distribusi spasial mikroartropoda tanah berdasarkan jarak yang berbeda dari Pantai Utara Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah Anggi Aprilia Budi Prasetiani; Rully Rahadian; Mochamad Hadi
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Soil microarthropods are soil mesofauna which has body size 0.02 - 0.17 mm. Distribution of soil fauna of an area depends on the condition of environment and the characteristic of biologic. The objective of this research is to determine the distribution of spatial and structure community of soil microarthropods in several locations that have different distance from the northern coast of Semarang City. The research was conducted at December 2017 until June 2018. Sampling was conducted at three different locations, that is area around of Tawang Station, the Undip Pleburan Campus area, and the Cemoro Songo Park area. Samples were extracted and identified at the Ecology and Biocytic Laboratory, and analysis of soil and C-organic material at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory and Environmental Laboratory. The results of identification found 53 species consist of 14 ordo and 11 families. The distribution of all microarthropods are almost included in clumped distributions. The abundance of microarthropods is dominated by Acari and Collembola. The evenness are included in the highest evenness categories with the highest location with a value of 0.93. The similarity of taxa are included in the lowest categories with a value of 10.26% -19.35%.

Suplemen kombucha dan kayu manis untuk menghasilkan daging broiler kaya antioksidan dan rendah kolesterol Laili Fitria Zulfa; Sunarno Sunarno; Salsabila Alifah; Salindri Prawitasari
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Quality and healthy meat is the goal of broiler cultivation. One way to get quality, safe broiler meat is by giving kombucha tea and cinnamon flour supplements in a diet that can lower cholesterol and increase the antioxidant content of meat. This study aims to analyze the cholesterol and antioxidant content of broiler (femoris and pectoralis major muscles) after the supplementation of kombucha tea and or cinnamon flour in feed. This study uses a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment in this study included P0: control, without being given kombucha tea and cinnamon flour, P1: 5% cinnamon flour; P2, P3, and P4 respectively are 100% kombucha tea and 5% cinnamon flour with a ratio (3: 1), (1: 1), and (1: 3). The variables measured were total antioxidant and cholesterol levels in the femoral and pectoral major muscles. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that kombucha tea and cinnamon flour supplements significantly affected antioxidant levels and total cholesterol in broiler meat. The conclusion of this study is that 100% kombucha tea with 5% cinnamon with a ratio (3: 1) and (1: 1) gives the most optimal influence on increasing antioxidant levels and decreasing cholesterol levels in femoral muscle and major pectotalis in broilers.

Pengaruh imbuhan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dalam pakan pada kandungan protein dan kolesterol telur itik pengging (Anas platyrhyncos domesticus L.) Khunfaya Firnanda Putri Rossida; Sunarno Sunarno; Kasiyati Kasiyati; Muhammad Anwar Djaelani
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

One important component contained in Moringa leaves is protein. Apart from protein, bioactive flavonoids and saponins in Moringa leaves have potential as antioxidants and hypocholesterolemia. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of Moringa leaf flour as a feed additive to protein content and cholesterol of Pengging duck eggs. The study design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, and each treatment consists of 3 replications. The treatment group consisted of a control group and a basal feed treatment that was added with Moringa leaf flour by 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10%. Measurement of duck egg protein content using the Bradford method and cholesterol measured by the Indiko method. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The addition of Moringa leaf flour on feed did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the protein content and cholesterol of the Pengging duck eggs. The percentage of white and egg yolk weights did not increase significantly. The conclusion of this study was the use of Moringa leaf flour as a feed additive with a concentration of 2.5 to10% could not change the protein content and cholesterol of the Pengging duck eggs.

Aplikasi larutan EMOVA daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) dalam menekan mortalitas ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada simulasi transportasi Sunarno Sunarno; Eko Purnomo; Khunfaya Firnanda Putri Rossida; Maulida Aqlinia; Falasifah Falasifah; Mamluatul Lailiyah
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Fish transportationis logistical aspect of the fishery business. Wrong procedures in handling fish during transportation can trigger stress. Herbal ingredients such as kelor (Molinga oleifera) and afrika leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) have the potential to overcome stress on fish. Both types of herbal ingredients contain compounds of flavonoids and phenols that have the potential to be analgesik. The purpose of this study was to analyze the analgesik effect of kelor and afrika leaf extract to nila fish (Oreochromis niloticus) using transportation simulation model. The experimental design was usedcomplete randomized design with four treatments, including the cold temperature of 10ºC (L0), the extract solution of kelor and afrika leaf was use ratio 1:1 with concentrations of 10% (L1), 20% (L2) and 30% (L3) solution. The main parameters observed were viability and mortality. The experiment results showed that the treatment of L1 and L2 was not significantly different with the control, L2 treatment was not significantly different with L3 but L3treatment was significantly different with kontrol and L1. The viability of the L3 treatment is higher than control and treatment of L1, as well as for mortality parameters. The conclusion of this research is, extract of kelor and afrika leaf combination with 1:1 ratio at 30% concentration in transportation simulation model can cause high viability value and able to depress mortality. The results of this study can be used as a solution to fish mortality due to stress and handling of fish based on animal welfare principle during transportation.

Pola sebaran dan preferensi habitat kodok buduk (Duttaphrynus melanostictus Schneider, 1799) di Kecamatan Tembalang, Semarang Zuni Miftakhurrohmah; Karyadi Baskoro; Rully Rahadian
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Asian common toad is a human-commensal organism that can easily be found around. This species is the most common species that has a very wide habitat range, from backyard to secondary forest. Tembalang has relatively diverse habitat type which will be suitable for Asian common toad's habitat, but, as the land use of the area are changing from rural to urban land use, the toad population is changing as well. The objectives of the research are to understand the distribution pattern of Duttaphrynus melanostictus along with its habitat preference in Kecamatan Tembalang, Semarang. The research was taken in March – July 2019, by observing the toad population in three different types of habitat (developed habitat, vegetation-covered habitat, and open habitat). The data was taken using visual encounter survey method, at night starting from 7 to 10 p.m. The data of toad's prevalence was analyzed using Morisita index to comprehend the distribution pattern, while the habitat variable data was analyzed using Ward's Cluster analysis using PAST software. From the research, can be concluded that the Asian common toad is distributed with clumped pattern in Tembalang, with Morista index of 7.23, without any specific preference to habitat's type of substrate. The distribution pattern mostly influenced by the macro environmental condition, such as vegetation cover, elevation, buffer distance to nearest river (or water reservoir), and temperature.

Viabilitas dan jumlah produk mikoriza Kelompok Tani Ngudi Makmur di Desa Kataan Kecamatan Ngadirejo Temanggung Ahmad Arfi Setiadi; Susiana Purwantisari
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Mycorrhiza is microbes that provide positive benefits for plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the cell number and viability of mycorrhizae product of Ngudi Makmur Temanggung Farmer Group. The study was conducted from April to May 2018. The parameters of this study were viability and number of mycorrhiza cells in vitro at PDA medium. The method used inthis research is a direct calculation method for Petri dish containing media PDA then incubated for 0,4,8 and 12 days later. The calculation of mycorrhiza using the method indirectly grown on PDA media then calculated with the formula MPN. The microbial viability was calculated by comparing the number of microbes on the x-day incubation with the initial amount of incubation. The results showed that the highest number of colonies on mycorrhiza on the first day of 94 colonies / g and the number decreased constantly with increasing days so that at the last observation the number was 63 colonies / g. The viability of mycorrhiza tended to decrease with increasing incubation time. The viability of mycorrhiza tends to decrease with increasingincubation time.

Pertumbuhan vegetatif anggrek Dendrobium stratiotes Rchb.f. setelah pemberian monosodium glutamat dan pupuk “Hortech” Nintya Setiari; Yulita Nurchayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Fertilizers are needed to encourage the growth of orchids because their growth is known to be very slow. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a crystalline salt containing sodium and glutamate which can stimulate plant growth. Therefore in this study, the application of MSG and fertilizer was carried out to promote the growth of D. stratiotesorchids. The application of MSG and fertilizer was given in a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of MSG concentration factors (0, 0.5 and 1%) and fertilizing factors (not fertilized and fertilized). There are six treatments and three replications per treatments. The parameters observed increased in leaf length (cm), the morphological response of orchid plants in the form of new shoot formation, new root formation, and bulb enlargement. Results of research and test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed no interaction between MSG and fertilizer in influencing the length leaf orchid D. stratiotes. The length of leaves is highest in orchids by MSG 1% without fertilizer, while the formation of new shoots and bulb enlargement occurred in orchid plants which were given 0.5 and 1% MSG without fertilizer application. New root formation occurs in plants given MSG and fertilizer. The conclusion is the application of 1% MSG without fertilizer can promote the growth of. D. stratiotesorchids.

Karakterisasi morfologi, biokimia, dan uji enzimatis isolat khamir buah apel (Malus domestica Borkh.) yang berpotensi menghasilkan bioetanol Hilmi Fadhli; Endang Kusdiyantini; Nurhayati Nurhayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Bioethanol can be produced by the fermentation using microorganisms such as yeast. The type of yeast that can produce bioethanol is still limited to certain yeast types such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of yeast need to be done to determine yeast isolates capable of producing bioethanol. Yeast can grow on a substrate that is rich in sugar as in the apple fruit. Enzymatic tests can support the ability to use on various substrates. This study aims to isolation, characterization, and enzymatic tests of yeast from apple that potential to produce bioethanol based on morphological and biochemical tests. The isolation method is done by using spread plates on PDA media. Morphological tests are carried out by making macroscopic (form, color, elevation, margin, the texture of colonies) and microscopic (form, budding, size of cells)observations of colonies and yeast cells. The growth was carried out on PDA at 6, 28, 37ᵒC, and also 50% glucose observed, Carbohydrate fermentation test (glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose), and urease were used to the biochemicals characterization. Enzymatic tests were using amylase test, protease test, lipase test, and cellulase test. The bioethanol was measured bypycnometer method. The results of yeast isolation from apples were obtained 3 isolates, namely K1, K2, K3 with cell size 3,74 µm, 3,79 µm, and 3,41 µm respectively. Enzymatic test results showed that the presence of amylase enzyme activity in yeast. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, K2 isolate was selected as genus Pichia sp. and able to producebioethanol by 5.6% (v / v).

Bobot telur, indeks bentuk telur, dan nilai kantung udara telur itik pengging setelah pemberian imbuhan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dalam pakan Novia Marcelina; Muhammad Anwar Djaelani; Sunarno Sunarno; Kasiyati Kasiyati
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 3, No. 1, Tahun 2020
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Moringa oleifera leaves contain nutrition of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphorus as well as bioactive content such as tannin and saponin, that have the potential to improve egg quality. The objective of this research to evaluate the effect of Moringa powder of weight, shape index, and air space value of Pengging duck eggs. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with four replication, i.e., K0 (100% basal feed without Moringa leaves powder), K1 (basal feed and 2.5% Moringa leaves powder), K2 (basal feed and Moringa leaves powder), K3 (basal feed and 7.5% Moringa leaves powder) and K4 (basal feed and 10% Moringa leaves powder). The data were obtained from a total of 60 female Pengging duck of 28 weeks old or sexually mature. Feed treatments administrated for six weeks started in 26 to 32 weeks old ducks. The measurement of research variables was carried out every week and measured for three weeks. The data of the study were analyzed by one way-ANOVA at a significant difference level of 5%. The results showed that the addition of Moringa leaves powder did not a significant difference (P > 0.05) in weight, shape index, and air space value of pengging duck eggs. Overall concluded that the addition of Moringa leaves powder with a concentration of 2.5; 5; 7.5; dan 10% in Pengging duck feed could not change egg quality.

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