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INDONESIA
METANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Science,
Computer Science & IT
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Articles 220 Documents
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KINETIKA FERMENTASI LIMBAH KULIT NANAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS ETANOL Alice Pramashinta; Abdullah Abdullah
METANA Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1373.288 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v10i01.9772

Abstract

Abstract In this research studied the effect of initial total sugar concentration of pineapple peel waste in cell concentration, total sugar consumption and ethanol production profile. Pineapple peel fermentation is done by batch system for 60 hours with various intial total sugar 30, 50 and 70 g/L. Batch fermentation profiles showed that the optimum total sugar concentration was 70 g/L which resulted highest ethanol productivity 0.617 g/L/h when compared with total sugar concentration 30 g/L and 50 g/L. Kinetic parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch fermentation using pineapple peel waste as substrate were also studied. Growth kinetic parameter was determined by Monod equation. Growth rate specific maximum 0.032 jam-1 and Monod constant Ks 17.18 g/L.   Keywords: bioethanol, pineapple, batch, kinetic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Abstrak Pada penelitian ini akan dipelajari pengaruh konsentrasi gula total awal dari limbah kulit nanas pada profil pembentukan sel, konsumsi gula total dan produksi etanol. Fermentasi limbah kulit nanas dilakukan dengan sistem batch selama 60 jam dengan variasi gula total awal sebesar 30, 50 dan 70 g/L. Profil fermentasi batch menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula total optimum adalah 70 g/L yang menghasilkan produktivitas etanol tertinggi 0,617 g/L/jam bila dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi gula total 30 g/L dan 50 g/L. Parameter kinetika dari Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam fermentasi batch menggunakan limbah kulit nanas sebagai substrat juga dipelajari. Parameter kinetika pertumbuhan ditentukan dengan persamaan Monod. Kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum 0,032 jam-1 dan konstanta Monod Ks 17,18 g/L.   Kata kunci: bioetanol, nanas, batch, kinetika, Saccharomyces cereviseae
INVERTER FREKUENSI TINGGI SEBAGAI PEMANAS PIRINGAN LOGAM DENGAN METODE INDUKSI PADA APLIKASI PEMANAS ROTI Alem, Rio Dery; Enny, Enny
METANA Vol 11, No 01 (2015): Juli 2015
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (340.412 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v11i01.12581

Abstract

Abstrak Kegiatan rumah tangga di Indonesia seringkali melakukan kegiatan masak-memasak, baik untuk membuat makanan atau hanya sekedar memanaskan, oleh karena itu diperlukan teknologi yang praktis, murah dan aman. Untuk membuat sebuah alat yang mampu meringankan proses pemanasan makanan, metode induksi dapat digunakan sebagai pemanas piringan logam untuk meningkatkan keamanan dalam proses tersebut. Pemanas induksi ini dipilih karena tidak menimbulkan api, dan antara alat pemanas dan obyek yang dipanasi tak terjadi kontak fisik sehingga aman. Untuk membuat pemanas induksi dibutuhkan modul inverter frekuensi tinggi dengan arus yang besar. Dari sumber tegangan AC 1 fasa 220 volt yang di step down menjadi 12 V dan disearahkan menggunakan penyearah jembatan penuh, kemudian inverter akan mengkonversi besaran listrik DC menjadi besaran listrik AC dengan frekuensi yang tinggi. Pada dasarnya frekuensi dapat di atur dengan menggunakan rangakaian driver. Rangakaian driver memiliki fungsi untuk memicu gate MOSFET IRFP 260. Pada inverter ini keluaran inverter berupa tegangan AC dengan frekuensi mencapai 71,4 kHz. Keluaran inverter tersebut dilewatkan pada sebuah kumparan penginduksi yang akan digunakan sebagai pemanas piringan logam. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan modul inverter yang dibuat memiliki frekuensi sebesar 71,4 kHz, dapat menghasilkan panas diatas 80 derajat celcius, diharapkan dengan tingginya daya yang digunakan untuk menginduksi beban, suhu pada beban akan cepat meningkat. Keyword : pemanas induksi, mosfet,arus eddy, frekuensi, inverter,driver.  Abstract Household activities in Indonesia are often doing the cooking, either to make a meal or just heat up, therefore the necessary technology is practical, cheap and safe. To create a tool capable of easing the process of heating food, it can be used as a method of induction heating metal disks to improve security in the process. Induction heating is selected because it does not cause a fire, and between the heater and heated object is not in physical contact so safe. To make the required induction heating high-frequency inverter module with a large current. From the first phase AC voltage source 220 volts in step-down to 12 V and rectified using full bridge rectifier, then inverter will convert the DC power into a massive amount of AC power with a high frequency. Basically, the frequency can be set by using the driver circuit. Rangakaian driver has a function to trigger the MOSFET gate IRFP 260. In this inverter, inverter output in the form of AC voltage with a frequency of 71.4 kHz achieve. The inverter output is passed in a coil inducer to be used as heating metal plate. The measurement results show inverter modules are made to have a frequency of 71.4 kHz, can generate heat above 80 degrees Celsius, is expected by the high frequency used to induce the load, the temperature of the load will quickly increase. Keyword: induction heating, mosfet, eddy current, frequency, inverter, driver.
PENCEGAHAN BANJIR, DAN PENURUNAN MUKA AIR TANAH DENGAN SUMUR RESAPAN Setiabudi, Bambang
METANA Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4396.6 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v6i01.1796

Abstract

Abstract   Bambang Setiabudi, in paper floods and to discharge of ground water many created in much housing district. That case to appoint often to created every year at rainy season and dry season Expedient to doing is by absorbtion well. Absorbtion ,well is water conservation technology to resemble well with to be certain depth for to catch of water.
RANCANG BANGUN DIGESTER SEMI KONTINYU PADA PRODUKSI BIOGAS DAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK Ikhsan, Diyono; Handayani, Dwi; Murni, Murni
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.768 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v9i02.7611

Abstract

Abstract Production of biogas and organic fertilizer from organic waste is done by creating a semi-continuous digester design is a flat pipe and operate continuously or bait can be inserted periodically every day, and its products can be taken periodically at any time. At the optimum residence time can be designed digester volume corresponding to a certain capacity, the variation ratio of the length and diameter of the pipe, whichever is best for optimum biogas production. Outcomes of the research is a prototype digester flat pipes that can operate semi-continuous along with its performance test. Design semi-continuous digester using pralon pipe diameter of 6 in, with the length of each digester m A = 2, B = 4 m, and C = 6 m, equipped hopper for feeding suspension, bulkhead divider so that biogas does not leak, and the stirrer tank float models. The results showed that the biogas production on day 7 to day 30, there was an increase biogas production sharply, after it approaching constant and up to 60 days tended to decline. In the longer digester (B and C) there are fluctuations in the production of biogas. From the graph the relationship between the capacity of the biogas production time from day 1 to day 60 following polynomial equation with a similar pattern, for the digester with the equation y = A + 2,287x -0,026x2 - 8.577 (R¬2 = 0.966); digester B with the equation y = -0,026x2 2,297x + - 8.683 (R 2 = 0.963); and digester C with equation y = -0,025x2 2,232x + - 8.886 (R 2 = 0.962). Mud coming out at the end of the digester after 30 days was collected and dried as organic fertilizer. Results of laboratory analysis, showed the water content 10.72%, 44.05% organic C content, C / N Ratio 25.70, total P2O5 content of 0.67% and 7.71% N levels. This suggests that these parameters meet the quality standards of organic fertilizers except C / N Ratio greater. But this is not a problem because the levels of organic C and N levels separately meet quality standards. Keywords: digester, biogas, organic fertilizer
MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN NELAYAN DAN MASYARAKAT PENGOLAH IKAN PANGGANG DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN ASAP CAIR Handayani, Dwi; Faizah, Laila; TS, Margaretha; Arifan, Fahmi
METANA Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (81.532 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v10i02.11050

Abstract

Abstract Tambaklorok village, particularly around TPI has 250 households of population which approximately 70 % is poor to work as fishermen, fish sellers, laborers and unemployed so erratic income or below the minimum wage and some have no income at all. So they need business partnership to transfer the technology for improving the quality of human resources by empowering fishing communities, especially fishermen and fish processors to increase the income and standard of living of fishermen. During curing fish is traditionally done so much polluting and quality results are not optimal. Therefore, the transfer of the technology to be applied is the manufacture of liquid smoke with pirolisator to make grilled fish and the use of vacuum packaging so that the result is better quality and durable in storage. Fish as food is a source of high quality protein, 10 essential amino acids available include the amino acids lysine, methionine and histidine. Lysine is one of the essential amino acids, and its presence in fish is highly perishable, so it needs to be applied in the form of community service how to produce processed fish that the lysine amino acid content does not change that fumigation with liquid smoke flavored liquid. Curingin fish especially lemuru (Sardinillalongceps) has been done because this type of fish is widely available in Indonesia and many people consuming these types of fish because the price is affordable. Of training undertaken smoked fish can be produced with a more yellow color and a longer shelf is 7-10 days. With the quality of smoked fish better so increase the selling price and will increase the income of fishing communities. Keywords: marine fish, liquid smoke, pirolisator Abstrak Kelurahan Tambaklorok , khususnya  disekitar TPI  yang berpenduduk 250 kk dimana  sekitar 70 % merupakam warga miskin dengan pekerjaan sebagai nelayan, penjual ikan,buruh dan pengangguran sehingga penghasilanya tidak menentu atau dibawah UMR  bahkan ada yang tidak berpenghasilan sama sekali.Untuk itu perlu adanya pola kemitraan usahadenganmentransfer teknologi dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dengan memberdayakan nelayan khususnya nelayan dan masyarakat pengolah ikan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan taraf hidup nelayan. Selama ini pengasapan ikan yang dilakukan secara tradisional sehingga banyak menimbulkan polusi dan kualitas hasilnya tidak maksimal. Oleh karenanya transfer teknologi yang akan diterapkan adalah dengan pembuatan asap cair dengan pirolisator untuk membuat ikan panggang dan penggunaan pengemasan vacuum sehingga hasilnya lebih berkualitas dan tahan lama dalam penyimpanannya.Ikan sebagai bahan pangan merupakan  sumber protein yang tinggi kualitasnya, 10 jenis asam amino esensial tersedia diantaranya  asam-asam aminolisin,  metionin dan histidin.Lisin  merupakan salah satu asam amino esensial, dan keberadaanya dalam ikan sangat mudah rusak, sehingga perlu diaplikasikan dalam bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat bagaimana cara memproduksi olahan ikan agar kandungan asam amino lisin tidak berubah yaitu pengasapan dengan asap cair .Pengasapan cair bercitarasa pada  ikan terutama ikan lemuru (Sardinilla longceps) sudah dilakukan  karena jenis ikan ini banyak terdapat di Indonesia dan masyarakat banyak mengkonsumsi jenis ikan ini karena harga yang terjangkau. Dari pelatihan yang dilakukan dapat dihasilkan ikan asap dengan warna yang lebih kuning dan daya simpannya lebih panjang yaitu 7-10 hari. Dengan kualitas ikan asap yang lebih baik sehingga harga jualnya naik dan akan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat nelayan. Kata kunci  :ikan laut, asap cair, pirolisator
Beban Alternator Fasa Tiga Simulasi Dalam Laboratorium Yuwono, Teguh
METANA Vol 3, No 2 (2006): Juli 2006
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6692.894 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v3i2.1857

Abstract

Abstract   Electrics usage by consumer according to its requirement. Burden of electrics usage by assorted consumer, but the conclusion burden of electrics usage is have the character of the resistive, capacitive and inductive. Physicly in the form of resistor, inductor, and capacitor. Burden in electrics usage not stand-alone but became to one union of network of requirement of usage electrics energy. In electrics three phasa, burden can be linked by a star or delta, at same burden linked by a star or delta will permeate the same electrics energy but differing at current ampere and voltage.   Keyword: resistor; inductor; capacitor; star and delta connection.
Pembuatan Minyak Biji Karet Dari Biji Karet Dengan Menggunakan Metode Screw Pressing: Analisis Produk Penghitungan Rendemen, Penentuan Kadar Air Minyak, Analisa Densitas, Analisa Viskositas, Analisa Angka Asam Dan Analisa Angka Penyabunan Hakim, Abdul; Mukhtadi, Edwin
METANA Vol 13, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1166.014 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v13i1.9745

Abstract

Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang banyak menunjang perekonomian Negara. Selain menghasilkan lateks, perkebunan karet juga menghasilkan biji karet yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimum. Dengan melihat tingginya kandungan minyak di dalam daging biji karet yakni sebesar 45.63% maka minyak tersebut sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan. Proses pengambilan minyak biji karet dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara antara lain pengepresan (pressing), dan pelarut (solvent). Dua cara yang umum digunakan yaitu dengan metode pengepresan mekanis antara lain pengepresan hidrolik (hydraulic pressing) dan pengepresan berulir (screw pressing). Cara screw pressing memerlukan perlakuan pendahuluan yang terdiri dari proses pemanasan atau tempering. Pada penelitian ini mempelajari tentang “Pengaruh Ukuran Material dan Temperatur Pemanasan Awal terhadap Perolehan Minyak Biji Karet dengan Metode Pengepresan Berulir (screw pressing)”. Biji karet dibersihkan dan disortir dari kulitnya maupun kotoran kemudian diperkecil ukuran biji karet dengan variasi ukuran 100 mm (+ 10 mm), 50 mm (+ 10 mm) dan 100 mesh. Selanjutnya dipanaskan dengan variabel suhu 50oC, 60oC dan 70oC kemudian biji karet tersebut dipress dengan variabel kecepatan putar ulir 200 ppm. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat persentase terbesar pada variasi ukuran material 100 mesh dan suhu pemanasan awal 70 oC yaitu sebesar 10,11 %. Kadar air 0,2 %, densitas 0,920 gr/ml, dan viskositas 34,476 cp.Making Rubber Seed Oil From Rubber Bean With Using Screw Pressing Method: Product Analysis Calculation of Rendement, Determination of Water Content of Oil, Density Analysis, Viscosity Analysis, Analysis of Acid Numbers and Analysis of Plaque Rate Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) is which one of agriculture product many have developing economic country. Except of latex product, rubber of plantation to production rubber seeds to optimum used not yet. As see oil content on rubber seed is very high 45,63% so the rubber seed oil has wide potential aplication. To obtain oil from rubber seed, there are two methods commonly used for oil extraction from rubber seeds, which are mechanical pressing and solvent extraction. Two common methods of mechanical pressing can be used, which are hydraulic pressing and screw pressing. Screw pressing methode had been pretreatment consist of tempering. The objective of this research is to study the “effect of material size and preheating temperature on rubber seed oil yield using screw pressing methode. The rubber seeds are cleaned and the kernels are separated manually from the seeds. after that, rubber seed was size reducted with various 100 mm (+10 mm), 50 mm (+10 mm) and 100 mesh after that the rubber seeds preheatead with various temperatures 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. The next step is the pressing operation using screw speed 200 rpm. The higher result from research had oil yield persentation 10,11 % with variations material size at 100 mesh and preheating temperature 70oC.moisture content 0,2%, density 0,920 gr/ml, and viscosity 34,476 cp. 
MIKROALGA SEBAGAI SUMBER BIOMASA TERBARUKAN: TEKNIK KULTIVASI DAN PEMANENAN Ariyanti, Dessy; Handayani, Noer Abyor
METANA Vol 6, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (198.5 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v6i2.3431

Abstract

Abstract   For millennia, aquatic environment has been a source of food, minerals, and natural products to fulfill human’s need. In order to resolved problem due to increment of population, the development of product microalgae based which is one of renewable resource absolutely needed.   There are two important processes in biotechnology of microalgae, microalgae cultivation and harvesting. Common cultivation methods used in growing microalgae are open raceway pond system and closed photobioreactor system. While harvesting methods used is flocculation, centrifugation and filtration. This paper described briefly the methods used in cultivation and harvesting of microalgae.   Keywords: microalgae, cultivation, harvesting
Filtrasi Ampas Jahe Menggunakan Filter Press Yulifianti, Ade Lina; Eristi, Bella; Puspita, Mawar; Handayani, Dwi
METANA Vol 15, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (971.068 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v15i2.25086

Abstract

Ampas jahe hasil buangan proses industri jamu masih mengandung sari jahe. Pengolahan ulang dengan pelarutan dan penyaringan dengan plate and frame filter press dapat dilakukan untuk mengisolasinya. Penggunaan variabel konsentrasi umpan 0,2 kg/liter, 0,4 kg/liter, dan 0,6 kg/liter.  Menggunakan  tekanan tetap 2 kg/cm2 dan laju alir 5,66x10-11 m/s2, dihitung nilai tahanan spesifik ampas (α), tahanan ampas (Rc), tahanan medium filter (Rm) untuk mengetahui efesiensi kinerja alat filter press. Proses filtrasi dilakukan secara batch. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan  nilai α, Rc, dan Rm tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,6 kg/L yaitu α (4,98x106 m/kg), Rc (1,35x108 m-1), Rm (3,79x1011 m-1). Efektivitas produk yang dihasilkan diketahui melalui pengukuran konsentrasi sari jahe pada hasil filtrat. Pengujian konsentrasi menggunakan centrifuge dan analisa Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Hasil analisa centrifuge menyatakan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi umpan, maka semakin besar pula konsentrasi produk. Konsentrasi sari jahe tertinggi yang didapat 6,67%, terdapat pada variable konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter. Begitu pula dengan uji TSS, konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter menghasilkan TSS terbesar yaitu 277 mg/l. Ginger pulp from the process of industrial herbs still contain ginger juice. Reprocessing ginger pulp with dissolving and filtering with plate and frame filter press can done to isolate it. Use feed variable concentration 0.2 kg/liter, 0.4 kg/liter, and 0.6 kg/liter.  Fixed pressure used is 2 kg/cm2 and flow rate use 5.66x10-11 m/s2, will calculated the specific prisoner value of the pulp (α), Prisoner of Pulp (Rc), Prisoner of medium filter (Rm) to know the efficiency of the performance of filter press. Filtration process is done in batches. The results of the calculation show the highest value of α, Rc, and Rm at concentrations 0.6 kg/liter are α (4.98x106 m/kg), Rc (1.35x108 M-1), Rm (3.79x1011 M-1). Effectiveness of the resulting products is known through measurements of ginger juice concentrations in filtrate results. Concentration testing using centrifuge and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) analysis. Result of centrifuge analysis states that the greater  concentration of feed, that the greater the concentration of product. The highest concentrations of ginger juice gained 6.67%, there is a variable concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter. Similarly, the test of TSS, the concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter resulted in the largest TSS 277 mg/l. 
PENGENDALIAN MUTU BETON PADA PELAKSANAAN JALAN DENGAN PERKERASAN KAKU Sutanto, Sutanto
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (208.2 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v9i01.7204

Abstract

Abstract Concrete as a building material has advantages compared with other materials because of its strength, easy to shape as desired designer, easy to work, easy to obtain raw materials, densities, treatment is relatively simple and economical considerations. As a material for rigid pavement on the highway project, treatment is similar to other construction work. Failure to avoid a construction that needs to be done according to standard and quality control requirements in SNI-03-1734-1989 on the concrete and SNI-03-1737-1989 on the highway as well as the international consensus as ASTM, ACI, etc.. Quality control includes the preparation of concrete materials, mixing, transporting, placing and casting the mixture, compacting the mixture, treatment and final concrete work. Specimen testing performed to evaluate the quality of the work. Of this evaluation will be concluded whether the work is in accordance with the plan.   Key word : Concrete, rigid pavement  

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