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Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia
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ISSN : 14124939     EISSN : 25027085     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Social,
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Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia (JKLI, p-ISSN: 1412-4939, e-ISSN:2502-7085, http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkli) provides a forum for publishing the original research articles related to: Environmental Health Environmental Epidemiology Environmental Health Risk Assessment Environmental Health Technology Environmental-Based Diseases Environmental Toxicology Water and Sanitation Waste Management Pesticides Exposure Vector Control Food Safety
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Search results for , issue "Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022" : 15 Documents clear
Analisis Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Konsentrasi Ozone (O3) pada Penyediaan Air Minum (PAM) di Gedung Perkantoran Arif Susanto; Agus Riyanto; Edi Karyono Putro; Uli Amrina; John Charles Wilmot; Sulthan Muchammad Quds
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.122-130

Abstract

Latar belakang: Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air minum pekerja Divisi Concentrating PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI), perlu dilakukan pemantauan kualitas berdasarkan karakteristik air baku dan unit pengolahan yang digunakan. Sistem disinfeksi dengan ozonasi diterapkan PTFI bertujuan untuk membasmi mikroorganisme, tertutama bakteri patogen, serta membuat air minum olahan menjadi lebih sehat, karena penggunaan disinfektan klor dapat mengalami masalah seperti terbentuknya trihalomethanes (THMs) maupun perhitungan breakpoint clorination (BPC) yang kurang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasi konsentrasi ozone (O3) di dalam penyediaan air minum (PAM) di gedung perkantoran OB-1 dan OB-2 Divisi Concentrating PTFI agar sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan No. 705 tahun 2003 bahwa kadar O3 dalam air minum harus berkisar antara 0,1 sampai 0,4 mg/L.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2021. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional dengan mengukur konsentrasi O3 pada sistem PAM. Teknik sampel yaitu sampel jenuh berdasarkan jumlah titik pemantauan yang hanya berjumlah 10 titik, yaitu titik atau stasiun distribusi yang terdiri atas 5 lantai pada setiap gedung. Analisis data menggunakan metode Lagrangian. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan perangkat lunak EPAnet agar dapat diperoleh simulasi konsentrasi O3 yang terkandung dalam air minum.Hasil: Simulasi hidrolis dan kualitas air minum yang dilakukan menunjukkan hasil konsentrasi O3 pada setiap node dan link berubah setiap perubahan waktu mengikuti segmen distribusi air minum. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi sisa O3 di akhir pendistribusian yaitu pada bak penampungan air minum berkisar antara 0,33 sampai 0,39 mg/L. Konsentrasi O3 dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor jarak, pH, suhu, dan kondisi lingkungan di sekitar pipa. Terdapat kecenderungan semakin jauh antara reservoir dengan konsumen, maka semakin sedikit pula sisa O3 yang terkandung didalamnya, hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh adanya reaksi, yaitu bulk reaction dan pipe wall reaction.Simpulan: Konsentrasi awal O3 yang diinjeksian pada proses disinfeksi memiliki konsentrasi sebesar 0,50 mg/L, konsentrasi tersebut terus berubah hingga pada saat air minum ditempatkan pada bak penyimpanan air minum di gedung kantor OB-1 dan OB-2 Divisi Concentrating PTFI konsentrasinya menjadi berkisar antara 0,33 sampai 0,39 mg/L. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air minum yang diolah di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum (IPAM) telah memenuhi baku mutu. ABSTRACTTitle: Water Quality Analysis Based on Ozone (O3) Concentration in Drinking Water Supply at the Office Background: Monitoring the quality of the raw water and treatment units is necessary to meet the drinking water needs of the Concentrating Division employees of PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI). Therefore, disinfection with ozonation implemented by PTFI aimed at eradicating microorganisms, particularly pathogenic bacteria, as well as making processed drinking water healthier because the use of chlorine disinfectants can cause problems, such as the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) due to inaccurate breakpoint chlorination (BPC) calculations. This research aims to evaluate the ozone concentration in drinking water supply (PAM) in office buildings OB-1 and OB-2 PTFI Concentrating Division in compliance with the Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade No. 705 of 2003 that states that ozone (O3) levels in drinking water should range from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/L.Method: The observation method was used and conducted from July to October 2021. The concentration of O3 in the PAM system was measured using a cross-sectional design. In addition, the saturated sampling technique was used since the number of monitoring points was limited to 10, namely distribution points or stations consisting of 5 floors in each building. The Lagrangian method was used to analyze the data and the EPAnet software to obtain a simulation of the concentration of O3 in drinking water.Results: The hydraulics and drinking water quality simulations reveal that the O3 concentration at each node and link varies depending on the drinking water distribution segment. The simulation results show that the residual O3 concentration at the end of the distribution, such as drinking water reservoirs, ranges from 0.33 to 0.39 mg/L. Furthermore, O3 concentration can be affected by distance, pH, temperature, and environmental conditions around the pipe. This indicates the greater the distance between the reservoir and the consumer, the less residual O3 contained in it, and this can be due to reactions, specifically bulk, and pipe wall reactions.Conclusion: The initial concentration of ozone injected in the disinfection process was 0.50 mg/L, which continued to change until the drinking water was placed in storage tanks in the OB-1 and OB-2 office buildings of the PTFI Concentrating Division. The resulting concentration ranged from 0.33 to 0.39 mg/L, indicating that the drinking water treated at the Drinking Water Treatment Plant (IPAM) met the quality standards. 
Logam Berat dan Probabilistik Penilaian Risiko Kesehatan Melalui Konsumsi Beras dari Lahan Sawah di Hulu Sungai Citarum Cicik Oktasari Handayani; Sukarjo Sukarjo; Triyani Dewi; Hidayatuz Zu’amah
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.225-234

Abstract

Latar belakang: Beras merupakan salah satu makanan pokok masyarakat Indonesia sehingga perlu adanya jaminan keamanan pada beras khususnya bebas dari cemaran logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan konsentrasi logam berat pada beras yang ditanam pada lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung dan menganalisis risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi beras tersebut.Metode: penentuan lokasi pengambilan contoh dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling pada lahan pertanian yang siap panen di beberapa kecamatan di Kabupaten Bandung dengan jumlah contoh beras sebanyak 26 sampel. Analisis logam berat yang dilakukan adalah analisis logam berat Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu dan Zn dengan ekstrak HNO3:HClO4 dan diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorbption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analisis probabilistik penilaian risiko kesehatan masyarakat dilakukan dengan menganalisis nilai estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), risiko non-karsinogenik dan risiko karsinogenik. Hasil: semua contoh beras mengandung logam berat Cr, Co, Cu dan Zn dengan nilai konsentrasi berturut-turut berkisar antara 0.64-2.28 mgkg-1, 1.18-2.66 mgkg-1, 0.64-3.47 mgkg-1 dan 5.44-8.69 mgkg-1. Konsentrasi logam Cu pada contoh beras yang diambil pada lahan pertanian kawasan industri berbeda nyata dengan contoh beras di luar kawasan industri dengan nilai p sebesar 0.014. Risiko non-karsinogenik yang ditimbulkan jika mengkonsumsi beras dari lahan pertanian Kabupaten Bandung tidak mungkin untuk terjadi karena nilai hazard index (HI) menunjukkan angka <1, nilai HI secara berurutan yaitu anak-anak (0.0880)>remaja (0.0370)>dewasa (0.0259)>manula (0.0281) dan risiko karsinogenik juga menunjukkan nilai yang dapat ditoleransi karena di bawah 10-4 untuk semua katogeri umur (anak-anak, remaja, dewasa, manula) dengan nilai cancer risk (CR) berturut-turut sebesar 6.15x10-7, 6.72x10-7, 2.53x10-6 dan 2.74x10-6.Simpulan: beras yang dihasilkan dari lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung aman untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat karena risiko kesehatan yang ditimbulkan masih dapat ditoleransi ABSTRACTTitle: Heavy Metals and Probabilistic Risk Assessment Via Rice Consumption From Rice Fields in Upstream of The Citarum River Background: Rice is one of the staple foods of the Indonesian people, so it is necessary to guarantee the safety of rice, especially free from heavy metal contamination. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals in rice grown on agricultural land in Bandung Regency and analyze the health risks of the people who consume the rice. Method: the determination of location of sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method on agricultural land that was ready for harvest in several sub-districts in Bandung Regency with a total of 26 samples of rice. Heavy metal analysis carried out was heavy metal analysis of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn with HNO3:HClO4 extract and measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Probabilistic analysis of public health risk assessment was carried out by analyzing the estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk.Results: all rice samples contained Cr, Co, Cu and Zn metals with concentration values ranging from 0.64-2.28 mgkg-1, 1.18-2.66 mgkg-1, 0.64-3.47 mgkg-1 and 5.44-8.69 mgkg-1, respectively. The concentration of Cu metal in rice samples taken on agricultural land in industrial areas was significantly different from rice samples outside industrial areas with a p value of 0.01. The non-carcinogenic risk caused by consuming rice from agricultural land in Bandung Regency is unlikely to occur because the hazard index (HI) value shows the number <1, the HI values are children (0.0880)>adolescents (0.0370)>adults (0.0259 )> the elderly (0.0281) and the carcinogenic risk also shows a value that can be tolerated because it was below 10-4 for all age categories (children, adolescents, adults and the elderly) with a cancer risk (CR) value of 6.15x10-7, 6.72x10-7, 2.53x10-6 and 2.74x10-6.Conclution: Rice produced from agricultural land in Bandung Regency is safe for consumption by the community because the health risks caused are still tolerable.
Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan Rumah dan Angka Kuman Udara Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Baturraden II Banyumas) Bahri Bahri; Mursid Raharjo; Suhartono Suhartono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.170-179

Abstract

Latar belakang: Kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia merupakan urutan kedua masalah utama yang menyebabkan 277 kematian pada kelompok anak usia 29 hari hingga usia 11 bulan di Indonesia. Prevalensi kejadian kasus pneumonia tertinggi sejumlah 13,7% di Kabupaten Banyumas terdapat di daerah binaan Puskesmas Baturraden II. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis keberadaan hubungan kondisi fisik lingkungan rumah dan angka kuman udara pada kejadian kasus pneumonia balita.Metode: Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kasus kontrol. Popupasi terdiri atas balita yang tercatat tinggal di daerah binaan Puskesmas Baturraden II pada waktu penelitian dilakukan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel umur 1-5 tahun, perbandingan sampel kasus dengan kontrol 1:1, sehingga total berjumlah 130 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan pengamatan dengan instrumen. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan program komputer dengan uji chi square (bivariat) dan uji regresi logistik (multivariat).Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukan variabel kepadatan hunian, kelembapan rumah, jenis lantai rumah intensitas cahaya dan angka kuman udara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan pada kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia balita. Hasil analisis multivariat menyimpulkan bahwa angka kuman udara menjadi variabel paling besar dalam mempengaruhi terjadinya pneumonia pada balita dengan nilai OR paling besar yaitu 4,613.Simpulan: Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel lingkungan fisik rumah kepadatan hunian, kelembapan rumah, jenis lantai rumah, intensitas cahaya dan angka kuman udara dengan kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia pada balita. ABSTRACT Title: The Relationship Between Physical Conditions of The Home Environment and The Number of Bacteria With The Incidence of Toddlers Pneumonia (Study In The Working Area of Baturraden II Public Health Center Banyumas)Background: The incidence of pneumonia cases is the second major problem that causes 277 deaths in the group of children aged 29 days to 11 months in Indonesia. The highest prevalence of pneumonia cases of 13.7% in Banyumas Regency was in the target area of Baturraden II Public Health Center. The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the physical condition of the home environment and the number of bacteria in the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers.Method: The design in this study used a case control. The population consisted of toddlers who were recorded as living in the target area of the Baturraden II Public Health Center at the time the study was conducted. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with samples aged 1-5 years, the comparison of case samples with controls was 1:1, so that the total number of samples was 130. Data were collected by means of interviews and observations with instruments. Research data were analyzed using a computer program with chi square test (bivariate) and logistic regression test (multivariate).Result: The results of the analysis showed that the variables of occupancy density, house humidity, type of house floor, light intensity and air of bacteria had a significant relationship with the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers. The results of the multivariate analysis concluded that the number of bacteria was the biggest variable in influencing the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers with the largest OR value of 4.613.Conclusion: The results of the analysis prove that there is a relationship between the physical environment variables of the house, residential density, house humidity, type of house floor, light intensity and airborne germ numbers with the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers.
Analisis Pajanan Organofosfat Terhadap Kadar Kolinesterase Pada Petani Sayuran Kubis di Desa Tanjung Rejo Kabupaten Jember Siti Nur Halisa; Prehatin Trirahayu Ningrum; Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.144-151

Abstract

Latar belakang: Pestisida berfungsi megendalikan hama sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi petani jika dalam dosis tepat. Jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan petani adalah organofosfat. Organofosfat mudah terserap pada kulit sehingga berdampak terhadap enzim kolinesterase. Terhambatnya kerja enzim kolinesterase menyebabkan asetilkolinesterase dalam darah menurun dan penyebaran impuls dari neuron ke pusat tidak stabil sehingga menjadi indikator keracunan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan organofosfat dengan kadar kolinesterase pada petani sayuran kubis di Desa TanjungRejo, Jember.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian observasional analitik dan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli - Agustus 2020 pada petani sayuran di desa Tanjung Rejo, Jember. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 90 responden dengan sampel sebanyak 35 responden dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Variabel penelitian yaitu variable bebas (pajanan pestisida, faktor individu dan lingkungan) dengan variabel terikat yaitu kadar kolinesterase. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Pengujian kadar kolinesterase menggunakan fotometrik kinetik di Laboratorium Prosend Jember. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan Uji spearmann dengan nilaisignifikansi 0,05.Hasil:  Hasil penelitian yaitu trdapat 2 responden dengan kadar kolinesterase tidak normal. Nilai minimal kolinesterase laki-laki (4620 U/L), sedangkan perempuan 3930 U/L. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor individu (tingkat pengetahuan p = 0,003), lingkungan (kelembaban p = 0,045, temperatur p = 0,006, dan arah angin p = 0,032) memiliki hubungan dengan kadar kolinesterase.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, kelembaban, temperatur serta arah angin dengan penurunan kadar kolinesterase sehingga petani perlu menggunakan APD dan mematuhi petunjuk pemakaian pestisida dalam kemasan termasuk memperhatikan waktu, frekuensi dan lama penyemprotan. ABSTRACT Title: Analysis of Organophosphate Exposure to Cholinesterase Levels in Farmers Vegetables in Tanjungrejo Village, Jember RegencyBackground: Pesticides function to control pests so that they can increase farmers' production if in the right dosage. Type of pesticide widely used by farmers is organophosphate. Organophosphates are easily absorbed by the skin so they have impact on cholinesterase enzyme. Inhibition of the action of the cholinesterase enzyme causes a decrease in acetylcholinesterase in the blood and the spread of impulses from neurons to the center is unstable so that it becomes an indicator of pesticide poisoning. Research aims to analyze the relationships between organophosphates ‘and cholinesterase levels in cabbage farmers in Tanjung Rejo Village, Jember.Methods: The research uses a quantitative approachwith an analytic observational research type and a cross -sectional design.Research was conducted in July - August 2020 on vegetable farmers in Tanjung Rejo village, Jember. The research population was 90 Respondents with 30 sample using simple random sampling technique. The research variable is the independent variable (pesticide exposure, individual and environmental factors) with the dependent variable being cholinesterase levels. Instrument used a questionnaire aand observation. Testing of cholinesterase levels using kinetic photometrics at the Jember Prosend Laboratory. Bivariate data analysis used spearman's test with significance 0.05.Result: The results of the study were 2 respondents with abnormal cholinesterase’ levels. The minimum value of cholinesterase is male (4620 U/L), while female is 3930 U/L. The results of the analysis showed that individual factors(knowledge level p=0.003), environment (humidity p=0.045, temperature p=0.006, and wind direction p=0.032) had a relationship with cholinesterase levels.Conclusion: There is relationship between level knowledge, humidity, temperature and wind direction with a decrease in cholinesterase levels so that farmers need to use PPE and comply with the instructions for using pesticides in packaging including paying attention to the time, frequency and duration of spraying.
Faktor Lingkungan Fisik dan Dimensi Tangibles Pelayanan Terhadap Niat Kunjungan Ulang ke Puskesmas di Kabupaten Demak Ayun Sriatmi; Lina Dwi Yoga Pramana
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.235-244

Abstract

Latar belakang: Dampak pandemi Covid-19 menurunkan jumlah kunjungan ke Puskesmas di Kabupaten Demak dari 141,2% (2020) menjadi 69,5% (2021). Kebijakan pembatasan sosial menuntut Puskesmas menyediakan sarana fisik dan mekanisme layanan dengan batasan-batasan tertentu yang mempengaruhi kepuasan. Keengganan berkunjung juga dikarenakan lingkungan fisik dan sarana prasarana dianggap kurang memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan fisik dan dimensi tangibles pelayanan terhadap niat berkunjung ulang ke Puskesmas.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi targetnya semua pasien yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas. Populasi terjangkau yaitu pasien yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Dempet dan Karangawen-I. Total sampel 332 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel bebas pada faktor lingkungan fisik: kondisi gedung dan bangunan, kondisi ruangan, sarana transportasi, sedangkan dimensi tangibles: alur pelayanan, ketenagaan, waktu tunggu. Variabel terikatnya niat kunjungan ulang ke Puskesmas. Analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square. Selanjutnya, analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik bergandaHasil: Sebanyak 57,5% responden berniat berkunjung ulang ke Puskesmas. Proporsi responden yang menyatakan lingkungan fisik dan dimensi tangibles kurang baik berada pada kisaran 44,6%-49,4%. Variabel kondisi gedung dan bangunan, kondisi ruangan, sarana transportasi, alur pelayanan, dan ketenagaan secara parsial berhubungan dengan niat kunjungan ulang (p<0,05). Variabel kondisi gedung dan bangunan, sarana transportasi dan ketenagaan secara simultan mempengaruhi niat berkunjung ulang.    Simpulan: Faktor lingkungan fisik dan dimensi tangibles secara parsial maupun simultan mempengaruhi niat berkunjung ulang ke Puskesmas. Secara bertahap Puskesmas perlu meningkatkan kebersihan dan kenyamanan lingkungan (gedung, bangunan, ruangan, termasuk area parkir), memperbaiki sanitasi dan prasarana fisik, serta performansi petugas dalam memberikan pelayanan. ABSTRACT Title: Physical Environmental Factors and Tangible Dimension of Services on Revisiting Intention into Health Center in Demak RegencyBackground: Impact of Covid-19 pandemic have reduced visiting numbers into Health Centre in Demak Regency from 141.2% (2020) to 69.5% (2021). The social restriction policy required PHC to provide physical facilities and service mechanisms with certain limitations that affected satisfaction. The reluctance to visit because physical environment and infrastructure were considered unsatisfactory. The study aims to analyze effect of physical environment and tangibles dimensions of services on revisiting intention into PHC.Method: It's quantitative research with cross-sectional design. Target population were all patients who visiting PHC and affordable population were patients who visit into PHC of Dempet and Karangawen-I. Total sample 332 people were selected using purposive sampling technique. Independent variables on tangibles dimension were: services flow, personnel and waiting time, as well as dimensions of physical environment were: building conditions, room conditions, and transportation facilities. Dependent variable was revisiting intention into PHC. Bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regression.Result: As many as 57.5% of respondents intend revisiting into PHC. Respondents proportion who stated that physical environment and tangibles dimensions were not good were in range of 44.6%-49.4%. Variables of building condition, rooms condition, transportation facilities, services flow and personnel were partially related to revisiting intention into PHC (p <0.05). Variables of building condition, transportation facilities and personnel simultaneously affected revisiting intention.Conclusion:. Physical environmental factors and tangible dimensions partially or simultaneously affected revisiting intention into PHC. Gradually, PHC need improving environments cleanliness and comfort (building, rooms, including parking areas), improving sanitation and maintenance physical infrastructure as well as health workers performance in providing services.
Potensi Daun Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) dan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) Sebagai Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica) Surahmaida Surahmaida
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.194-199

Abstract

Latar belakang: Penyakit yang disebabkan lalat rumah (Musca domestica) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Upaya pengendalian lalat rumah tersebut umumnya menggunakan pestisida kimia namun meninggalkan residu yang berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Untuk itu dikembangkan pestisida nabati dengan memanfaatkan tanaman seperti kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) dan kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) sebagai solusi alternatif yang ramah bagi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi daun kumis kucing dan daun kemangi dalam mengendalikan lalat rumah.Metode: Tahapan penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan bulan November 2021 ini meliputi pembuatan ekstraksi daun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, dilanjutkan pembuatan konsentrasi yaitu 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40%, dan uji toksisitas terhadap lalat rumah menggunakan metode knockdown. Tiap perlakuan toples sebagai kandang uji berisi 25 lalat rumah dan direplikasi 3 kali. Ekstrak bahan uji disemprotkan ke dalam masing-masing toples uji sebanyak 2 kali semprot (1 semprot @ 0,5 ml). Lalu dihitung jumlah lalat yang jatuh (knockdown).Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 10% ekstrak kemangi pada menit ke-10 dan konsentrasi 10% ekstrak kumis kucing menghasilkan efek knockdown sebesar 100% terhadap lalat rumah setelah diaplikasikan.Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun kumis kucing dan daun kemangi memiliki aktivitas sebagai pestisida nabati terhadap lalat rumah ABSTRACT Title: The Potentials Of Cat Whiskers Leaves (Orthosiphon stamineus) And Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum) as Plant-Based Pesticide Against House Flies (Musca domestica)Background: Diseases caused by house flies (Musca domestica) are still a  public health  problem. These house fly control efforts generally use chemical pesticides but leave residues that have a negative impact on health and the environment. For this reason, plant-based pesticide were developed by utilizing plants such as cat whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) as an alternative solution that is friendly to the environment.  This study aims to determine the potential of cat whiskers and basil leaves in controlling house flies. Method: The experimental research stage carried out in November 2021 includes the extraction of cat whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaves by maceration method using methanol solvent., followed by making concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, and  the toxicity test against house flies using the knockdown method. Each treatment  jar as a test cage contained 25 house flies and replicated 3 times. The extract of test material was sprayed into each test jar 2 times (1 spray@0,5 ml). Then count the number of flies that fall (knockdown). Result: The results showed that 10% concentrations of basil extract at 10 minutes and a 10% concentration of cat whiskers  ectract produced a  100% knockdown effect on house flies after application.Conclusion: It can be concluded that cat whiskers and basil leaves have activity as plant-based pesticide against house flies.
Evaluasi Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Air Sungai Menggunakan Pendekatan Metode Neraca Massa Muhammad Asyroful Mujib; Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan; Bejo Apriyanto; Sri Astutik; Anik Nur Khasanah
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.152-161

Abstract

Latar belakang: Sungai Bedadung merupakan sungai utama di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Bedadung yang mengalir di tengah wilayah perkotaan dan berpotensi mengalami pencemaran akibat aktifitas manusia melalui pembuangan limbah domestik, industri, dan pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kualitas air sungai dan daya tampung beban pencemaran air di Sungai Bedadung Hulu.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis korelasional dan metode neraca massa. Teknik pengambilan sampel kualitas air dengan cara grab sampling pada delapan segmen yang terdiri dari 8 sampel sumber nirtitik (non-point source) dan 1 sampel titik (point source) pada kondisi debit rendah di musim kemarau. Parameter yang diuji adalah kualitas fisika air yaitu suhu, pH, Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL) dan Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), serta kualitas kimiawi air yaitu Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Dissolved Oxygen (DO).Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter kualitas air Sungai bedadung hulu berdasarkan analisis metode neraca massa memiliki nilai yang tidak melebihi standar baku mutu kualitas air kelas II Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Beban Pencemaran Aktual (BPA) untuk kualitas kimiawi air yaitu BOD, COD, dan DO masing-masing sebesar 651,10 kg/hari; 80009,47 kg/hari; dan 3091,70 kg/hari.Simpulan: Nilai Beban Pencemaran Aktual (BPA) ketiga parameter berada di bawah batas Beban Pencemaran Maksimum (BPM) sehingga masih memiliki selisih daya tampung untuk dapat menerima beban pencemaran. Upaya pengelolaan air limbah dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air di Sungai Bedadung hulu. ABSTRACT Title: Evaluation of River Water Pollution Load Capacity Using Mass Balance Method ApproachBackground: The Bedadung River is the main river in the Bedadung watershed that flows in the middle of urban areas and can experience pollution due to human activities through domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste disposal. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of river water quality and load capacity of water pollution in the Upper Bedadung River.Method: This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with correlational analysis and mass balance methods. The water quality sampling technique was taken through grab sampling on eight segments consisting of 8 non-point source samples and 1 point source sample at low discharge conditions in the dry season. The parameters tested were the physical quality of water, namely temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (DHL) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), as well as the chemical quality of water, namely Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO).Result: The results showed that all the water quality parameters of the upstream Bedadung River based on the mass balance method analysis had a value that did not exceed the class II water quality standards of the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. Actual Pollution Load (BPA) for the chemical quality of water, namely BOD, COD, and DO each of 651.10 kg/day; 80009.47 kg/day; and 3091.70 kg/day.Conclusion: The BPA value of the three parameters is below the Maximum Pollution Load (BPM) limit so that it still has a difference in the capacity to accept the pollution load. Efforts to manage wastewater and preserve the environment are still needed to improve water quality in the upstream Bedadung River.
Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Melalui Rumah Pilah Alam Lestari di Dusun Ceme Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta Betty Epy Andani; Tri Wahyuni Sukesi
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.200-209

Abstract

Latar belakang: Sampah merupakan masalah lingkungan yang masih terjadi di DIY. Kabupaten Bantul pada tahun 2020 menyumbang sampah sebanyak 526.08 ton/hari, sedangkan daya tampung TPS Piyungan hanya dapat menampung sekitar 500 ton/hari. Usaha yang diterapkan pemerintah daerah salah satunya dengan menerapkan peraturan pengelolaan sampah pada bank sampah. Bank sampah menjadi salah satu poin yang penting dalam upaya mengurangi permasalahan sampah di DIY. Proses bisnis yang dilakukan bank sampah diarahkan dalam upaya mengurangi, menggunakan kembali dan mendaur ulang sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui dan mengkaji pengelolaan bank sampah melalui Rumah Pilah Alam Lestari di Dusun Ceme.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu panduan observasi serta wawancara. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Subyek penelitian adalah pengurus dan nasabah bank sampah. Teknik pengambilan data digunakan metode observasi dan wawancara.Hasil: Bank Sampah Alam Lestari melibatkan masyarakat sekitar dalam melakukan praktik pengelolaan sampah. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi pemilahan sampah, penyetoran sampah, pembuatan pupuk kompos, pembuatan ecoenzim dan pembuatan kerajinan dari sampah. Proses pelibatan masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah dilakukan melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan dari pengurus bank sampah kepada masyarakat. Selain itu pengelola bank sampah melakukan koordinasi dan kerja sama dengan dinas lingkungan hidup agar proses pelibatan masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah dapat lebih optimal khususnya dalam menghadapi berbagai kendala yang muncul. Adanya bank sampah ini juga memberikan dampak yang baik dari sisi kesehatan, sosial ekonomi, pendidikan dan kemitraan.Simpulan: Kegitan Bank Sampah difokuskan pada pengelolaan sampah dengan melibatkan masyarakat. Kendala operasional yang dialami Bank Sampah Alam Lestari berasal dari internal dan eksternal. Dampak positif  dari kegiatan bank sampah adalah dampak kesehatan, sosial ekonomi, pendidikan dan mitra/stacholder.  Dampak negatif dari kegiatan bank sampah yaitu sarana prasarana yang minim dan adanya timbunan sampah di bank sampah. ABSTRACT Title: Waste Bank Management Through Rumah Pilah Alam Lestari in Ceme Hamlet, Bantul Regency, YogyakartaBackground: Garbage is an environmental problem that still occurs in DIY. Bantul Regency in 2020 contributed 526.08 tons of waste/day, while the capacity of Piyungan TPS can only accommodate about 500 tons/day. One of the efforts implemented by the local government is to apply waste management regulations at waste banks. The waste bank is one of the important points in an effort to reduce the waste problem in DIY. The business processes carried out by the waste bank are directed at reducing, reusing and recycling waste. This research is aimed at knowing and assessing the management of the Pilah Alam Lestari waste bank in Ceme Hamlet..Method: The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research instrument used is an observation guide and interviews. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The research subjects were the management and customers of the waste bank. Data collection techniques used observation and interview methods.Result : The Alam Lestari Waste Bank involves the surrounding community in carrying out waste management practices. Activities carried out include sorting waste, depositing waste, making compost, making ecoenzymes and making handicrafts from waste. The process of involving the community in managing waste is carried out through socialization and training from waste bank administrators to the community. In addition, the waste bank manager coordinates and cooperates with the environmental service so that the process of community involvement in managing waste can be more optimal, especially in dealing with various obstacles that arise. The existence of this waste bank also has a good impact in terms of health, socio-economics, education and partnerships.Conclusion: Waste Bank activities are focused on waste management by involving the community. Operational constraints experienced by the Alam Lestari Waste Bank come from internal and external sources. The positive impact of waste bank activities was the impact on health, socio-economics, education and partners/stacholders. The negative impact of waste bank activities was minimal infrastructure and the presence of piles of garbage in the waste bank..  
Analisis Risiko Mikrobiologi Udara Dalam Ruang di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Semarang Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Windy Cintya Dewi; Mursid Raharjo; Nur Endah Wahyuningsih
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.162-169

Abstract

Latar belakang: Perkembangan Covid-19 dengan persebarannya dari manusia ke manusia yang semakin meluas baik di dunia maupun Indonesia membuat Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Semarang (KKP Semarang) turut serta berupaya mendukung pencegahan makin meluasnya persebaran Covid 19. Upaya menimalisir penyebaran virus Covid 19 ini telah dilakukan, salah satu adalah dengan program vaksinasi. KKP Semarang merupakan salah satu pos pelayanan percepatan vaksinasi di Kementerian Kesehatan yang tentunya memiliki potensi bagi pegawainya untuk terpapar kuman udara karena bekerja dalam waktu yang cukup lama dalam ruangan yang menjadi tempat berkumpulnya para pengguna jasa yang melakukan pelayanan sehingga perlu dilakukan pengukuran besar risiko paparan kuman udara pada pegawai KKP Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obseravional, dengan melakukan pengamatan, wawancara kepada responden dan pengambilan sampel udara di KKP Semarang untuk menghitung angka kuman udara. Penentuan  responden dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling yaitu berjumlah 96 orang dan jumlah sampel udara yang diambil sebanyak 58 sampel yang diambil di seluruh wilayah KKP Semarang, pengambilan sampel ini dilakukan pada ruangan yang berpotensi sebagai tempat aktifitas pegawai dan ruangan tempat pelayanan, baik yang berlokasi di Induk maupun Wilker yang berjumlah 8 wilker. Dilaksanakan di bulan September-Oktober 2021. Pengolahan dan analisa data menggunakan metode MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) untuk menentukan besarnya risiko paparan yang diterima oleh pegawai KKP Semarang.Hasil: Tahapan dalam MRA meliputi tahapan identifikasi bahaya, analisis pajanan, analisis dosis respon dan karakterisasi risiko. Hasil dari pengukuran angka kuman yang telah dilakukan pada 58 sampel, dengan hasil sebagian besar sampel udara memiliki angka kuman udara di atas nilai standar sebesar 500 CFU/m3 per hari seperti yang telah ditetapkan American Conference of Govermental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) dan Permenkes No 1077 tahun 2011 yaitu < 700 CFU/m3. Rata-rata angka kuman udara tertinggi ada di Wilker Pelabuhan Tegal yaitu 1.831 CFU/m3 dengan dosis pajanan tertinggi di Wilker Bandara Adisoemarmo 52,08 CFU/kg/hari. Dan nilai HQ tertinggi di Wilker Pelabuhan Tegal yaitu sebesar 7,78 (HQ > 1).Simpulan: Hasil dari analisis MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat risiko paparan kuman udara di KKP Semarang tidak aman bagi pegawai sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian dari risiko paparan kuman udara ini terhadap pegawai melalui penerapan alur pelayanan yang sesuai serta pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri bagi semua pegawai. ABSTRACT Title: Microbiological Risk Analysis of Indoor Air at the Port Health Office of Semarang during the Covid 19 PandemicBackground: The development of Covid-19 with its spread from human to human, which is increasingly widespread both in the world and in Indonesia, has made the Ministry of Health through the Semarang Port Health Office (KKP Semarang) take part in efforts to support the prevention of the wider spread of Covid 19. Efforts to minimize the spread of the Covid 19 virus have been carried out , one of which is the vaccination program. KKP Semarang is one of the vaccination acceleration service posts at the Ministry of Health which certainly has the potential for its employees to be exposed to airborne germs because they work for a long time in a room where service users gather for services, so it is necessary to measure the risk of exposure to airborne germs. to Semarang KKP employees.Method: This research is an observational study, by conducting observations, interviews with respondents and taking air samples at the KKP Semarang to calculate the number of airborne germs. Determination of respondents using the simple random sampling method, which is 96 people and the number of air samples taken is 58 samples taken throughout the KKP Semarang area, this sampling is carried out in a room that has the potential as a place for employee activities and rooms where services are located, both located in Parent and Wilker, totaling 8 wilker. Held in September-October 2021. Processing and analyzing data using the MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) method to determine the amount of exposure risk received by Semarang KKP employees.Result: The stages in the MRA include the stages of hazard identification, exposure analysis, dose response analysis and risk characterization. The results of the measurement of germ numbers that have been carried out on 58 samples, with the result that most of the air samples have airborne germ numbers above the standard value of 500 CFU/m3per day as determined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) and Minister of Health Regulation No. 1077 in 2011 which is < 700 CFU/m3.CFUThe highest average number of airborne germs is at Wilker Port of Tegal, which is 1,831 /m3 with the highest exposure dose at Wilker at Adisoemarmo Airport 52.08 CFU/kg/day. And the highest HQ value at Wilker Port of Tegal is 7.78 (HQ > 1).Conclusion: The results of the MRA (Microbial Risk Assessment) analysis can be concluded that the level of risk of exposure to airborne germs at the KKP Semarang is not safe for employees so it is necessary to control the risk of exposure to these airborne germs to employees through the application of appropriate service flows and the use of Personal Protective Equipment for all employees.
Hidden Environmental Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination: Waste Management, Treatment, and Global Warming Potential Iva Yenis Septiariva; Ariyanti Sarwono; I Wayan Koko Suryawan
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.2.137-143

Abstract

Latar belakang: Indonesia, negara terpadat keempat di dunia, muncul sebagai episentrum Covid-19 di Asia pada pertengahan tahun 2021. Lonjakan kasus COVID19 mendorong negara untuk menargetkan 1 juta vaksinasi Covid-19 per hari.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif dari tinjauan pustaka sebelumnya kemudian diolah menggunakan perhitungan yang sesuai dengan metode pengelolaan limbah vaksin.Hasil: Meskipun peluncuran vaksinasi besar-besaran, dampaknya terhadap lingkungan masih dipertanyakan. Tidak hanya pembuangan limbah medis yang tidak tepat tetap menjadi tantangan sejak wabah pandemi pada tahun 2020, tetapi vaksinasi memperburuk keadaan. Selain limbah padat, konsumsi listrik dan emisi polutan dari zat pendingin mungkin berkontribusi terhadap jejak karbon yang tinggi.Simpulan: Makalah ini menyoroti pentingnya pengelolaan limbah selama Covid-19 dan konsekuensi tak terduga pada penyimpanan dan penanganan vaksin untuk pengambilan keputusan peluncuran vaksinasi lebih lanjut. ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia, the world’s fourth most populous country, emerged as Asia's Covid-19 epicenters in the mid of 2021. The surge in COVID19 cases drives the nation to aim for 1 million Covid-19 vaccinations per day. Method: This study uses qualitatively and quantitatively data from previous literature reviews and then processed using calculations that are in accordance with the vaccine waste management method.Result: Despite massive vaccination rollout, the impact on the environment is still in question. Not only has improper medical waste disposal remained a challenge since the pandemic breakout in 2020, but the vaccination worsened the circumstances. In addition to solid waste, the electricity consumption and pollutant emissions of the refrigerants might contribute to a high carbon footprint. Conclusion: This paper highlights the importance of waste management during Covid-19 and unforeseen consequences on vaccine storage and handling for decision making of further vaccination rollouts.

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