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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 2 (2018)" : 8 Documents clear
Socioeconomic, Environmental, and Behavioral Determinants of Leprosy in Kediri, East Java Rahmah, Anindita Hasniati; Dharmawan, Ruben; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Leprosy remains a major public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries. Leprosy can be so progressive that damages skin, nerve, extremity, and eye organs of the affected patients. Cumulative incidence of leprosy amounted to 200,000 cases worldwide, with the highest incidences occuring in India, Brazil, and Indonesia. This study sought to examine the social economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants of leprosy in Kediri, East Java, using path analysis approach.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Leprosy Hospital, Kediri, East Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 150 study subjects consisting of 75 leprosy patients and 75 non-diseased subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was leprosy. The independent variables were personal hygiene, education, employment status, family income, dwelling density, humidity, and migration. Data on leprosy diagnosis was taken from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of leprosy increased with poorer personal hygiene (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -1.92 to -0.49; p=0.001), higher humidity (b= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.33 to 1.43; p=0.040), and migration (b= 0.94; 95% CI= 0.14 to 1.74; p= 0.022). Being employed status increased family income (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.11; p< 0.001). Low family income  increased the likelihood of migration (b= -14; 95% CI= -1.71 to -3.19; p= 0.007) and dwelling density (b= -1.02; 95% CI= -1.71 to -0.32; p=0.004). Higher education level increased the likelihood of being employed (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.11; p< 0.001) and better personal hygiene (b= 1.15; 95% CI= 0.44 to 1.85; p= 0.001). Dwelling density increased the likelihood of humidity (b= 4.29; 95% CI= 3.22 to 5.37; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Migration, higher humidity, and poorer personal hygiene directly increase the risk of leprosy. Education, employment status, family income, and dwelling density indirectly affect the risk of leprosy. Keywords: Leprosy, social economic, environmental, personal hygieneCorrespondence: Anindita Hasniati Rahmah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: aninditarahma22@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 253-262https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.05 
Path Analysis on the Psychosocial Impact of Obesity or Overweight in Adolescents in Surakarta, Central Java A, Yayang Kharistik; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Wekadigunawan, C.S.P.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Worldwide obesity shares 33 percent of adolescents body mass index. The prevalence of obesity has increased threefold since 1980. In Indonesia there are 10.8 percent of children aged 13-15 years who are obese. Obesity and overweight can cause various chronic diseases. Another important impact is psychosocial. Correct intervention and early prevention can reduce the psychosocial impact. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial impact of obesity or overweight on adolescents. Subjects and method: This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 6 junior high schools in Banjarsari and Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 160 junior high school students were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variables were depression, self-assessment, body image, eating disorder, and quality of life. The independent variables were obesity or overweight. Body mass index (BMI) was measured by body weight scale and microtoise. Data of other study variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Obesity or overweight was directly associated with depression (b= 1.04; 95% CI= 0.32 to 1.77; p= 0.005) and bad body image (b= -2.35; 95% CI= -3.20 to 1.49; p< 0.001). Depression was directly associated with eating disorder (b= 0.55; CI 95%= -0.87 to 1.18; p=0.091) and poorer quality of life (b= -0.64; 95% CI= -1.34 to 0.69; p= 0.077). Good body image was directly asssociated with positive self-assessment (b= 2.71; 95% CI= 1.89 to 3.52; p<0.001).Conclusion: Obesity or overweight in adolescents is directly asssociated with depression and bad body image. Obesity or overweight is indirectly associated with negative self-assessment, eating disorder, and poorer quality of life.Keyword: overweight, obesity, psychosocial, path analysisCorrespondence: Yayang Kharistik Almasith. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java.  Email: ycharistik@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6281229474445Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 105-117https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.01  
Evaluation of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Predictor Index in Surakarta, Central Java Pamungkas, Putri; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem. New cases of lung Tuberculosis in 2015 were 10.4 million worldwide. One of the challenging in TB control to be addressed is the development of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). There were an estimated 15,380 TB cases in Indonesia by 2015 with 1,860 positive TB cases and 1,566 cases successfully treated. This study aimed to determine the predictor index for MDR-TB.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from August to November 2017. The study subjects were selected by fixed disease sampling including 75 MDR-TB patients and 75 TB patients. The dependent variable was MDR-TB. The independent variables were medical history, co-morbidity (Diabetes Mellitus), drug side effect, drug-taking supervisor, and regularity of treatment. The data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: MDR-TB Occurrence Index increased with drug-taking supervisor (b = 2.33; 95% CI= 3.83 to 27.91; p<0.001), drug-side effect (b = 0.73; 95% CI= 0.58 to 7.45; p=0.026), medical history (b = 2.35; 95% CI= 3.80 to 29.38; p<0.001). MDR-TB Occurrence Index decreased by absence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (b = -0.56; 95% CI= 0.18 to 1.78; p= 0.033), regular treatment (b = -1.73; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.46; p<0.001).Conclusion: MDR-TB Occurrence Index is determined by the drug-taking supervisor, drug side effect, medical history, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and regular treatment.Keywords: MDR-TB Occurrence Index, medical history, drug-taking supervisor, drug side effect, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, regular treatmentCorrespondence: Putri Pamungkas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: pamungkasputri95@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 263-276https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.06 
Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Women at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java Listyawardhani, Yana; Mudigdo, Ambar; Adriani, Rita Benya
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a leading type of cancer affecting women around the world. Its incidence is increasing in developed and developing countries. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in Indonesia with 19,731 cases of death in 2014. In addition to mortality, breast cancer causes psychosocial effect in the affected and the family. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of breast cancer in women at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from October to December, 2017. A total sample of 200 study subjects consisting of 100 women with breast cancer and 100 women without breast cancer were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was breast cancer. The independent variables were age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, parity, duration of breastfeeding, use of fertility hormone, duration of hormonal contraceptive use, and age at menopause. The data was collected  by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of breast cancer increased with earlier age at menarche <12 years old (OR= 2.71; 95% CI= 1.06 to 6.96; p= 0.037), delayed age at first pregnancy ≥30 years old (OR=3.01; 95% CI= 1.16 to 7.78; p= 0.023), delayed age at menopause ≥55 years old (OR=1.07; 95% CI=0.82 to 6.30; p= 0.001), longer hormonal contraceptive use ≥10 years (OR=3.25; 95% CI= 1.20 to 9.63 p= 0.003).Conclusion: The risk of breast cancer increases with earlier age at menarche, delayed age at first pregnancy, delayed age at menopause, longer hormonal contraceptive use.Keyword: Breast Cancer, Risk FactorCorrespondence: Yana Listyawardhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:yanalistya@gmail.comJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 118-127https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.02 
Path Analysis on the Biopsychosocial Determinants and Genital Hygiene on Cervical Cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java Umami, Afriza; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and the second most common cancer in women in developing countries after breast cancer. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Indonesia was 0.8‰ with an estimated 98.692 cases. This study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial and genital hygiene factors for cervical cancer.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design, conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from December 2017 to February 2018. A total of 178 study subjects including 95 women with cervical cancer (case) and 83 women without cervical cancer (control) were selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was cervical cancer. The independent variables were the age at first sexual intercourse, a number of sexual partners, body mass index (BMI), stress, education, income, and genital hygiene. Cervical cancer data was collected by medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis model.Results: The risk of cervical cancer increased with the number of sexual partner >1 (b=1.91; 95% CI= 0.31 to 3.49; p=0.019), BMI ≥25 (b= 0.98; 95% CI= -0.06 to 2.04; p=0.067), and stress (b= 1.59; 95% CI= 0.39 to 2.80; p=0.009). The risk of cervical cancer decreased with higher education (b= -3.58; 95% CI= -4.77 to -2.39; p<0.00­1), higher income (b= -1.49; 95% CI= -2.73 to -0.25; p=0.019), age at first sexual intercourse ≥18 years (b= -1.36; 95% CI= -2.52 to -0.21; p= 0.020), and genital hygiene (b= -1.24; 95% CI= -2.35 to -0.13; p=0.028).­ Income increased with higher education (b= 2.48; 95% CI= 1.71 to 3.25; p<0­.001). Genital hygiene increased with education (b= 1.16; 95% CI= 0.47 to 1.86; p=0.001). Age at first sexual intercourse ≥18 years increased with higher education (b= 1.30; 95% CI= 0.58 to 2.01; p<0.001). Stress increased with number of sexual partner >1 (b= 1.36; 95% CI= 0.12 to 2.61; p=0.032).Conclusion: The risk of cervical cancer increases with the number of sexual partners, BMI, and stress, but decreases with higher education, higher income, age at first sexual intercourse, and genital hygiene.Keywords: cervical cancer, biopsychosocial determinants, genital hygiene, path analysisCorrespondence: Afriza Umami. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: afrizaumami20@gmail.com. Mobile : +6282254348041Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 277-291https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.07
Multilevel Analysis on the Biological, Social Economic, and Environmental Factors on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children Under Five in Klaten, Central Java Luthfiyana, Nurul Ulya; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under five in the world, particularly in the developing countries including Indonesia. Imbalance between host, agent, and environment, can cause the incidence of pneumonia. This study aimed to examine the biological, social economic, and environmental factors on the risk of pneumonia in children under five using multilevel analysis with village as a contextual factor.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 200 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variables were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, immunization status, maternal education, family income, quality of house, indoor smoke exposure, and cigarette smoke exposure. The data were collected by questionnaire and checklist. The data were analyzed by multilevel logistic regression analysis.Results: Birth weight ≥2.500 g (OR=0.13; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.77; p= 0.025), exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.89; p= 0.037), good nutritional status (OR=0.20; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.91; p= 0.038), immunizational status (OR= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.67; p= 0.015), maternal educational status (OR= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.83; p= 0.028), high family income (OR= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.87; p= 0.030), and good quality of house (OR= 0.21; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.91; p= 0.037) were associated with decreased risk of pneumonia. High indoor smoke exposure (OR= 8.29; 95% CI= 1.49 to 46.03; p= 0.016) and high cigarette smoke exposure (OR=6.37; 95% CI= 1.27 to 32.01; p= 0.024) were associated with increased risk of pneumonia. ICC= 36.10% indicating sizeable of village as a contextual factor. LR Test p= 0.036 indicating the importance of multilevel model in this logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: Birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, good nutritional status, immunizational status, maternal educational status, high family income, and good quality of house decrease risk of pneumonia. High indoor smoke exposure and high cigarette smoke exposure increase risk of pneumonia.Keyword: pneumonia, biological, social economic, environmental factor, children under fiveCorrespondence: Nurul Ulya Luthfiyana, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ulya.luthfiyana@gmail.com.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 128-142https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.03 
Biopsychosocial Factors Affecting Functional Disability and Depression in Patients with Osteoarthritis in Surakarta, Central Java Sudaryanto, Wahyu Tri; Mudigdo, Ambar; Soemanto, RB
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability in the elderly. OA can cause chronic pain, disability, and the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial factors affecting functional disability and depression in patients with OA in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital and Dr. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A sample of 200 OA patients was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variables were functional disability and depression. The independent variables were age, sex, grade of OA, duration, body mass index (BMI), history of injury, pain level, family support, and peer support. Depression data were measured by Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Functional disability data were measured by The Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC). The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of depression increased with higher BMI (b= 0.23; SE= 0.10; p= 0.021), pain level (b= 0.16; SE= 0.07; p= 0.022), duration (year) (b= 0.27; SE= 0.12; p= 0.025), and poor functional disability (b= 0.19; SE= 0.04; p<0.001). Depression decreased with stronger family support (b= -0.05; SE= 0.03; p= 0.031) and stronger peer support (b= -0.09; SE= 0.05; p= 0.001). The risk of functional disability increased with female sex (b= 3.36; SE= 1.21; p= 0.006), age (b= 0.14; SE= 0.06; p= 0.016), BMI (b= 0.31; SE= 0.17; p= 0.070), had experienced injury (b= 2.27; SE= 1.16; p= 0.051), higher grade of OA (b= 1.32; SE= 0.65; p= 0.041), and higher pain level (b= 0.41; SE= 0.12; p<0.001). The risk of functional disability decreased with stronger family support (b= -0.16; SE= 0.04; p<0.001) and stronger peer support (b= -0.29; SE= 0.08; p<0.001).Conclusion: Depression in OA patients is affected by BMI, pain level, duration (year), functional disability family support, and peer support. Functional disability is affected by sex, age, BMI, injury experience, grade of OA, pain level, family support, and peer support.Keywords: osteoarthritis, depression, functional disability, pain, BMI, family support, peer supportCorrespondence: Wahyu Tri Sudaryanto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: wahyu.londho86@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: 085640637769.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 292-306https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.08
Determinants of Disability in Patients with Leprosy at Kelet Hospital, Central Java Nadhiroh, Umi; Dharmawan, Ruben; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of leprosy cases in 2015 was 211,973 in 108 countries in the world. The number of leprosy cases in Indonesia ranks third after India and Brazil.  There are 14,000 (8%) leprosy cases with disability. This study aimed to determine factors affecting disability and Years of Life with Disability (YLD) attributable to leprosy in patients with leprosy at Kelet Hospital, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Kelet Hospital, Central Java, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 140 leprosy patients was selected for this study using fixed disease sampling, consisting of 70 patients with disability and 70 patients without disability. The dependent variables were disability and YLD. The independent variables were age, education level, and self care. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Disability increases YLD (b= 0.37; 95% CI= 0.31 to 0.43; p<0.001). Disability increased with older age (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.38 to 2.43; p= 0.007) and decreased with better self care (b= -3.80; 95% CI= -4.90 to -2.71; p<0.001). Better self care increased with high education level (b= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.03 to 2.89; p<0.001).Conclusion: Older age increases the risk of disability, whereas self care decreases the risk of disability. Disability itself increases YLD. Higher education improves self care.Keywords: leprosy, disability, years of life with disability, determinantCorrespondence: Umi Nadhiroh. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java. Email: umi.nadhiroh2@gmail.com. Mobile: 085727056553.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(2): 143-252https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.02.04

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