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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
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Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)" : 24 Documents clear
Epidemiological Investigation of A Goat Rabies Outbreak and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Communities Regarding Rabies in the Rural Commune of Sabou, Burkina Faso Savadogo, Madi; Ilboudo, Guy Sidwatta; Dahourou, Laibané Dieudonné; Zangré, Hamidou; Zerbo, Kalidou; Ilboudo, Abdoul Kader; Tarnagda, Zékiba
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.05

Abstract

Background: Dog-mediated human rabies is one of the top five priority zoonotic diseases identified for the One Health multisectoral engagement in Burkina Faso. Integrated approaches are required in endemic areas for reliable data collection and improved management of bite victims. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of communities regarding rabies and preventive methods.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the Commune of Sabou after a goat rabies confirmation. A structured questionnaire was administered to 305 house-hold members to capture data. The dependent variables in this study were the knowledge of rabies and animal vectors, the action to be taken regarding the biting animal, the main challenges to PEP coverage, the knowledge of preventive measures, and the minimum age recommended for primo-vaccination. The independent variables in this study were gender, level of education, professional status, and dog-owning status. The study was analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: The results provided that the suspected goat was infected by the rabies virus. Subsequently, the outbreak joint investigation initiated involved key local stakeholders. Data collected during the investigation raised the need for counter-measures such as identification of awareness gaps, organization of a dog rabies vaccination, and awareness-raising campaigns in the local communities. The household survey revealed low awareness about animals involved in human rabies transmission, the common routes of transmission, and the postexposure prophylaxis. Moreover, hindrances to postexposure prophylaxis access cited by the participants were related to frequent vaccine shortage (39.7%) as well as financial inaccessibility (60.3%). In addition, 40% of participants were not well aware of pet rabies prevention and reported only 67.6% of owned dogs were vaccinated.Conclusion: According to the study results, there is a need to strengthen rabies surveillance, promoting outbreak joint investigation, and integrated bite case management. Moreover, key messages on animal and human rabies prevention should be developed and shared with the communities. Keywords: Canine rabies, zoonoses, joint investigation, community awareness, public health, household survey
Screening of the Squint among Residents Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand Vats, Vatsala; Arora, Divija; Gupta, Priyanka
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.01

Abstract

Background: Squint is also known as Strabismus and includes Latent and Manifest varieties. It contributes to childhood visual impairment and amblyopia, adding to the stress of loss of functional vision. The regular surveys of such entities help to assess the magnitude, and measures needed for prophylaxis and treatment. The aim of the study is a screening of the Squint among residents visiting a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted over a period of one year at Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun. A total of 100 patients who found with tropias and phobias were further evaluated to provide them with the correct diagnosis and optimum guidance regarding management. The variables of this study were a demographic profile, Age, Gender, type of squint, convergence insufficiency, power of convergence, and prevalence of squint. SSPS was used to assess the data. A p<0.005 was suggestive of significance.Results: Out of a total of 4,280 patients, 2,240 (52.28%) were males, 2,044 (47.71%) were females, 100 (2.3%) cases were found to be of horizontal tropias, while Convergence Insufficiency (CI) was noted in 720 (16.8%). Esotropia was more common (65%) than Exotropia and the difference was statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.001. The common feature of both the exotropia and esotropia was the age of presentation which was 11 to 15 years. While the age group with the majority of cases CI (16.8%) was between 5 to 10 years.Conclusion: This study the magnitude and distribution of strabismus and CI in the region. It also helps to understand the importance of timely assessment and management for the optimum growth and development of an informed individual and community. Keywords: Strabismus, convergence, prevalence
The Prevalence and Distribution of Domiciliary Cockroaches in Rural Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study Design in Limpopo Province Molewa, Mapula Luckyjane; Barnard, Tobias George; Naicker , Nisha
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.02

Abstract

Background: Cockroach infestation raises health concerns in the communities. The study aimed to identify the type of cockroach species found in the rural parts and assess the distribution of cockroach species in the area.Subjects and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the households found in Ward 2 villages, Bolobedu and Limpopo Province in March 2021. A total of 120 households were selected using a multistage sampling strategy. Structured interviews were conducted to gather information about cockroach infestation in the households. The variables of interest in this study included the locations of cockroach sightings, pest control strategies used, and cockroach species trapped. A total of 1,186 cockroaches were trapped using a size 21×15 cm2 sticky paper sheet. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 29.Results: About 751 (64%) of cockroaches were trapped in the indoor environment and 427 (36%) in the outdoor environment. Three species of cockroaches were identified as B. germanica, B. orientalis and P. americana cockroach. Sixty-nine (66%) of the households used spray or aerosol as a control strategy to reduce the cockroach population.Conclusion: Irrespective of the villages where the cockroaches were trapped, B. germanica was the most prevalent species across the villages. Effective control strategies are required to also reduce the likelihood of pesticide resistance as well as decrease the exposure of humans to pesticide residues. Keywords: Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, prevalence, distribution
Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yogyakarta Nuraisyah, Fatma; Juliana, Ningsih; Astaria, Dana; Khalisah, Noor; Fatih, Dzikrina Miftahul Fitri Al; Dewi, Syamsumin Kurnia; Sunarti; Marwati, Triyani
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.06

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) increases along with the increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. The frequency of TB in type 2 DM patients (10 to 15%) and the prevalence of this infectious disease is 2 to 5 times higher in DM patients compared to non-diabetics. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for pulmonary TB in T2DM patients in Yogyakarta.Subjects and Method: This study uses a case-control study design conducted at RESPIRA Lung Hospital Yogyakarta from January 16 to February 20, 2023. The number of samples was 52 people with a total of 26 people in the case and control groups. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The independent variables were age, gender, employment, education, BMI, smoking status, clinical symptoms, family history of TB, previous history of TB, and income level). The dependent variable is the incidence of TB in DM patients. Control groups are respondents without a diagnosis of DM and TB patients. Conversely, the cases are personal with diagnosis TB and DM patient Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, bivariate with Chi-square, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression.Results: The demonstrated research that the risk factors that influence the incidence of TB in T2DM patients are gender (aOR = 9.60; 95% CI: 0.14 to 55.96; p=0.012), Age (aOR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.76; p=0.015).Conclusion: The female sex has a 9.60 times higher risk of experiencing TB compared to men in T2DM patients.
Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates Recovered from Urine and Blood Specimens from Patients Admitted in Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital, North Delhi Jain, Sanjay; Khatri, Shilpa; Kumar, Manoj; Bharara, Tanisha; Yadav, Abhishek
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.08

Abstract

Background: Candida species are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life-threatening invasive diseases. Increased resistance to antifungal drugs during the last decade has become a serious concern. Therefore, identification of Candida up to species level and its antifungal susceptibility testing is very important in the management of Candida infections. This study aimed to identify these organisms and study their susceptibility patterns.Subjects and Method: A retrospective study was conducted over 9 months (July 2022 to March 2023) from urine and blood samples collected from 80 IPD patients admitted to various wards of Hindu Rao Hospital. The samples were selected based on their growth on blood agar. The variables of interest are the different species of Candida and susceptibility to antibiotics. Identification of Candida species was done by Gram stain, Germ tube formation test, color on HiCrome Candida agar medium, chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar, and VITEK 2 Compact System. The MICs were interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines 2022.Results: 47 and 33 of urine and blood cultures were positive for Candida species respectively. Most of the isolates were from the Paediatric ward (28.75%), followed by the Medicine ward (27.5%). The most common species was C. tropicalis (56.25%) followed by C. albicans (23.75%). Most species of Candida were sensitive to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, and flucytosine except Candida albicans which showed 100% resistance to amphotericin B and Candida krusei which showed 66% sensitivity to voriconazole and 33% to caspofungin.Conclusion: Candida colonization has a considerable prevalence among patients hospitalized in our hospital. The species identification of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility pattern can help the clinician in better treatment of patients with candiduria and candidemia. Keywords: Candida, bloodstream infection, minimum inhibitory concentration
An Epidemiological Study Incidence Rates of Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer's Early Symptoms in the Community in Gondanglegi District, Malang, East Java, Indonesia: An Epidemiological Study Hermanto, Djoko Heri; Nurarifah, Nina; Brahmantyo, Herwindo Pudjo; Alfiani, Nadia; Dharmesta, Naya Adi; Ardiyanti, Putri; Qhadafy, Arif; Wardhani, Shinta Oktya
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.12

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. CRC is most typical symptom is hematochezia while the risk factors encompass sex, age, genetic predispositions, history of colorectal polyps or cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, physical exercise, and specific dietary choices, including high red meat intake, fried food, and low fiber consumption. This study aims to screen the risk factors of colorectal cancer.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted on residents in the Sepanjang village, Malang Regency, involved in community service by the Internist Association of Malang. Community service was carried out in July 2023 and 148 residents were involved in collecting data on risk factors for colorectal carcinoma. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional approach. The questionnaire assesses the presence of symptoms of bloody stools and several habits related to colorectal carcinoma risk factors, including age, gender, exercise routine, and dietary history. Data presentation and analysis were carried out as in the table.Results: Among the risk factors listed assessed using the questionnaire, Men (p=0.021), lack of exercise (p= 0.008), consumption of fried food (p= 0.021), and consumption of instant noodles (p= 0.013) significantly affect the prevalence of hematochezia.Conclusion: Men, lack of exercise, consumption of fried food, and consumption of instant noodles significantly affect the hematochezia indicating CRC.
Mental Illness Among Women Attending A National Mental Health Referral Center in Kenya: Unpacking Predisposing Factors and Interventions Mayoka, Godfrey; Getange, Rechael Nyaboke; Wafula, Linus Makokha; Korir, Allan; Chonge, Daisy; Mumbua, Sharon; Olpengs, David
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.10

Abstract

Background: Mental illness is an escalating global public health menace that affects women disproportionately. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors contributing to mental illness among Kenyan women alongside the interventions explored to manage the conditions.Subjects and Method: This was a mixed-method study comprising retrospective case series analysis of 285 inpatient records of women seeking mental health services at a national referral center in Nairobi, Kenya, and key informant interviews involving mental health service providers, from January 2022 to June 2022. The Variables of this study were sociodemographic data. Information was collected on socioeconomic factors, mental illness profiles, and mental illness interventions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 and thematic analysis.Results: Bipolar mood disorder (42%), schizophrenia (33%), and psychosis (25%) were the most prevalent mental conditions. While strained relationships (38%), financial challenges (35%), death of a loved one (29%), and substance abuse (27%) frequently contributed to mental illness, psychotherapy, and psychoeducation were pivotal in patient management. Poor government funding hindered in-service training initiatives as well as training and recruitment of community health workers, contributing to the unavailability of free counseling services. Despite these hurdles, the hospital explored alternative means to ensure access to mental healthcare including offering admission fees waivers, implementing repatriation programs, and subsidizing the costs of medications for psychotic patients.Conclusion: This study highlights the complex factors affecting women’s mental health in Kenya and rallies for increased support towards holistic mental healthcare interventions for this vulnerable population. Improving mental health literacy to reduce stigma associated with mental illness, and addressing financial, as well as hospital-related administrative barriers, can enhance access to mental health care.
Multilevel Analysis: Factors Related with Quality Service of Elderly Community Health Post in Sukoharjo Central Java Tristian, Deviana; Murti, Bhisma; Demartoto, Argyo
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.04

Abstract

Background: The quality of health services is the difference between patient expectations and their perceptions of the services they receive, thus the quality of health services shows the success of a health service. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the quality of at the elderly community health post.Subjects and Method: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted at 25 at the elderly community health post in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java in November 2023. The sample consisted of 200 elderly people using random sampling. The dependent variable is the quality of health services at the elderly community health post, while the independent variables are gender, age, number of visits, level of education, and income. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression analysis.Results: The results of multilevel analysis show that the assessment of the quality of health services decreases in elderly women (b= -0.82; CI95%= -1.65 to -0.01; p= 0.049), aged ≥66 years (b= -1.22, CI95%= -2.01 to -0.44; p=0.002), number of visits 6 times (b= -3.03; CI95%= -3.89 to -2.61; p <0.001), education ≥0.699, and income (b= -2.09; CI95%= -3.20 to 0.97; p<0.001). Posyandu has a contextual effect on assessing the quality of health services with ICC = 52.76%).Conclusion: The assessment of the quality of the elderly community health post service decreased in the elderly type, age ≥66 years, number of visits 6 times, education ≥high school, and income ≥Rp 2,000,000. at the elderly community health post shows quite large contextual effects on assessing the quality of health services. Keywords: Quality of health services, multilevel analysis, elderly
Correlations between History of Contact with Infected Person and Measles Vaccination Status on the Risk of Measles Incidence in Children: Meta-Analysis Dhony, Ervia Fahma; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.03

Abstract

Background: Measles is a disease that can be prevented by immunization (VPD), which is highly contagious and often causes widespread outbreaks and can cause lifelong complications and death. Some evidence suggests that the risk of measles is due to contact history and vaccine status. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the relationship between contact history and vaccine status with the incidence of measles in children, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO as follows, Population: children. Intervention: contact history, vaccine status. Comparison: no contact history, no vaccine. Outcome: measles. The articles used in this research were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the keys "History contact" AND "Vaccine" OR "Vaccinated" OR "Immunization" AND "Measles" AND "Children. The included articles were full-text with a case-control study design from 2012 to 2023 and reported the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 8 case-control studies involving the African continent and the Asian continent were selected for meta-analysis. Children with a history of contact have an increased risk of developing measles 4.38 times compared with children without a history of contact, and this relationship is statistically significant (aOR=4.38; 95% CI=1.36 to 14.09; p= 0.010). Children who had been given the measles vaccine had a reduced risk of getting measles 0.30 times compared to children who had not been given the measles vaccine, and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.40; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Contact history statistically significantly increases the risk of getting measles in children, vaccine statistically significantly reduces the risk of getting measles in children. Keywords: Contact history, vaccine status, measles, children.
Meta-Analysis the Effect of Protected Well and Measles Vaccination on Stunting in Children Under Five Pramono, Edi; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.07

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a condition where children's growth fails (body and brain growth) due to malnutrition for a long time. The incidence of stunting in toddlers needs special attention because it can hinder children's physical and mental development. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of protected wells and the measles vaccine on the incidence of stunting in children under five, with a meta-analysis based on primary studies conducted previously.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out in PICO format. Population: Children under five. Intervention: Protected Wells and Measles vaccine status. Comparison: Unprotected Well and Status not vaccinated against measles. Outcome: Stunting incidence. Article searches were carried out using several databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springerlink. The keywords used are "Protected well" AND Measles vaccine" AND "Stunting in toddlers". Inclusion criteria for the included articles were full-text articles with a cross-sectional design from 2015 to 2023. This study was conducted following PRISMA flow diagram guidelines. Data was analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: 12 cross-sectional studies from Asia and Africa were selected for meta-analysis. the total sample was 48,128 toddlers. Protected well (aOR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.75 to 1.00; p= 0.040) and measles vaccine (aOR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.27 to 1.29; p= 0.190) reduce the risk of stunting in children under five.Conclusion: Protected wells and administering the measles vaccine reduce the incidence of stunting in toddlers.

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