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International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Published by Universitas Hindu Indonesia
ISSN : 26553538     EISSN : 26542706     DOI : 10.32795
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Art,
Religion Arts Humanities
IJIIS expects to publish articles that investigate, critically assess and foster intellectual exchanges at the theoretical, philosophical as well as applied levels of knowledge on interreligious and intercultural matters. Its main purpose is to generate scholarly exchanges of ideas, criticisms, and debates on the realities of religious life in a complex, multicultural world. IJIIS welcomes any original research articles, scientific essays, and book reviews that explore various avenues for religious cooperation, healthy interaction, and conversion, as well as multi-subjective forms of participation in religious rituals and cultural festivities. IJIIS is particularly interested in articles and essays, which specifically deal with the following topics: (1) Baliology, the science of Bali Hinduism, its interaction with other Indonesian religious traditions, local cultures, globalization, tourism industry, and others; (2) Hindu-Muslim studies in Indonesia, India and other parts of the world; (3) Religio-cultural diversity, norms and values in the context of a globalized and digitalized world; (4) Multi-, inter- and trans-disciplinary methodologies in examining religion and culture; (5) Secularism and secular worldview in a variety of religious and cultural-specific contexts.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 103 Documents
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Shaping of Cities’ Identities with Cultural Uniqueness: Handcraft Shops and Night Bazaar in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Hanoi Old Quarter in Vietnam Yekti Maunati
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 1 (2021): Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss1.2021.1710

Abstract

A city usually has its own identity and cultural uniqueness with the markers of identity perhaps varying among museums, monuments, temples, theatre buildings, handcraft and traditional shops/markets and night bazaars and historical heritage sites, to mention a few. It is very common for cities in mainland Southeast Asia, like Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phnom Penh, Luang Prabang and Hanoi to have handcraft markets/shops as well as night bazaars selling various handcrafts attributed to one ethnic group or another. Those handcraft shops/markets and night bazaars are often at least partly related to the promotion of tourism. However, they do not only exist for the sake of tourism, since the promotion of cultural uniqueness as the identity of a city is related to the feeling of pride and the very soul of the city. This paper will discuss the existing handcraft markets/shops and night bazaar in Chiang Mai (Thailand) as important elements of the city’ s icons and the Hanoi Old Quarter, a historical heritage area in Hanoi, where handcraft shops, night market, cafés and many more venues are integral to the identity of Hanoi. The fieldwork was conducted in Chiang Mai in 2004, 2005, 2009 and 2016 for a few days and in Hanoi in 2006, 2017, 2018 for a few days, especially using qualitative research. The discussion is divided into three parts: the First, giving a brief review of the identity of a city; the Second, touching on the issue of how the handcraft shops and the Night Bazaar in Chiang Mai are seen as the city icons; and Finally, the shaping of the Hanoi Old Quarter as Hanoi’s cultural icon/identity.
Japan’s International Standards of Waste Recycling Treatment: Disseminating the Osaki System in Depok and Bali Purnamawati Purnamawati
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 1 (2021): Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss1.2021.1711

Abstract

This research explains the importance of approach and coordination from the Osaki Town government on waste recycling management of Osaki System to the community residents and companies, for changing their mindset on responsibilities and duties. This was done since the beginning when Osaki system was created until it becomes a sustainable system in daily life. The important key aspects on implementing the Osaki system are good cooperation and bond of trust shared among the government, community residents and companies. Osaki Town has achieved no.1 in the highest rate of waste resource recycling for 12 consecutive years in all of Japan. The system has made Osaki Town to become a SDGs system model in Japan, after receiving SDGs award from the Japanese government in December 2019. The Osaki System has succeeded to solve problems on reducing the volume of waste in landfill site. Being a sustainable waste resource recycling system and a model not only in Japan but also abroad, Osaki Town then disseminates the Osaki System in Indonesia which has the same problems, such as approach and cooperation between the government and the residents, reduce the waste volume in landfill areas by separate waste method for recycling and low cost management.
Peer Holm Jorgensen’s work, The Missing History: Based on the True Story of Dewa Soeradjana I Ketut Ardhana
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 1 (2021): Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss1.2021.1712

Abstract

This article was originally a paper when the author was asked to discuss Peer Holm Jorgensen’s work, The Missing History: Based on the True Story of Dewa Soeradjana, which was organized by the Bali Study Center-Udayana University in collaboration with Bentara Budaya. The title given by the author in connection with the discussion of the contents of the book is assesing the Witness of a Person in History Before the Events of September 30, 1965. It should be noted that until now, the development of Indonesian historiography is still far from the expectation of writing a complete and comprehensive history. This is because in addition to the limited historical sources available relating to the periods made in the writing of Indonesian history itself, such as between the classical historical period, modern history and contemporary history which entered into the realm of cultural studies as the post-modern era. The existence of gaps between these periods, especially in the post-revolutionary period, seems to be caused by the spirit of the times that developed after the end of the New Order era, where there was a demand for a forward total history writing. This means that there is now a demand for an open history writing, without any cover-up, so that Indonesian society in general and historians (professional historians), history enthusiasts, amateur historians, and students will be able to fully understand the history of their nation. The hope that this demand will get a chance, now that the New Order regime which ruled for more than 32 years in a centralized and authoritarian manner has ended. The hopes include the need to represent studies related to the demands of the reform era which want transparency, accountability, openness and provide defense to minority groups, and marginalized people as a result of policies that benefit the majority group. This condition gave the majority group an opportunity to legitimize its power, various strategies are carried out so that it was hoped that it would not provide opportunities for political groups or opponents to defend themselves.
Religion, Culture and the Process of Marginalization Preeti Oza
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2021.710

Abstract

Abstract: Religion is a force under which we understand the framework of social exclusion or integration across the world. The growing impact of religion on peoples’ lives globally has seen a massive resurgence of newly imposed guidelines, rules, and regulations in societies. It has been a great impact on social conditioning, both demographically and psychographically. For an increasing majority of the global population, religion has powerfully anchored forms of identity, meaning, community, and purpose. And the same religion, through cultural roots, has created newer forms of marginalization across the societies and nations. All over the world nowadays people are discussing the problems of marginalized groups -their social, ethnic, economic, and cultural problems. Marginality with all aspects is indeed a major problem to be reckoned with in the world. By and large, most of the marginalized groups constitute minorities religious, ethnic, linguistic, or otherwise- in different countries. There are sub-cultures in mainstream cultures or religions. Invariably they are impoverished people constituting o minority groups. They suffer from economic, social, or political impoverishment and find themselves estranged from this mainstream. Their marginality may vary in degree, extent, or intensity. Most countries and cultures have empowered groups at one pole and impoverished groups at the other and between the two, there are graded levels of power and poverty. This paper discusses the correlation between religion, culture, and the process of marginalization.
The Religious Philosophy of Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al-Habashi Al-Harari and the Doctrines and Politics of Al-Ahbash: an Evaluation Md. Thowhidul Islam
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2021.755

Abstract

Shaikh Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf Al-Habashi Al-Harari of Ethiopia is a controversial Islamic scholar and founder of Al-Ahbash in Lebanon. He was involved in the struggle mainly with the Islamic fundamentalist Wahhabis there and was expelled from Ethiopia in 1947. After living in different cities, he settled down at Beirut, Lebanon in 1950. He was declared leader of the Jam’iyyat al-mashari’ al-khayriyya al-islamiyya (Association of Islamic Charitable Projects) in 1983 after the death of its founder Shiakh Muhiyy al-Din al-Ajuz. Since then, it has been known as ‘Al-Ahbash’ (the Ethiopians) after his title Al-Habashi. Al-Ahbash became one of the most controversial Muslim associations in the contemporary spectrum of Islamic groups because of its religious philosophy and doctrines. Al-Ahbash philosophy blended Sunni and Shi’a theology with Sufi spiritualism into a doctrinal eclecticism. Its ideological discourses mainly follow Shafi’i, Ash’ari and Maturidi doctrines. Al-Ahbash’s doctrine has also been influenced by some Sufi orders (tariqas) like Rifa’iyya and Qadiriyya. It emphasized Islam’s innate pluralism and determines the religious and political program, which do not fit with the conventional Islamists idea. It advocated for opposition to Islamic political activism and the use of violence against the ruling order. These attributes opposed to the political thoughts of many Islamic thinkers like Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab, Sayyid Qutb. The most controversial issue in Al-Ahbash doctrine is the question of the relation among religion, politics, and the state in Islam. Al-Ahbash advocated the separation of religion and state and thereby rejected the idea of an Islamic state. Its views on education, women and science also contradict many of the above named writers opinions. Thus, Al-Ahbash represents a new but controversial view in Islam. This paper is aimed at understanding the philosophy and political doctrines of al-Ahbash.
From Manga Bible to Messiah: A Pop-culture Exploration of the Indonesian Christian Comics Hendrikus Paulus Kaunang; Leonard Chrysostomos Epafras
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2021.1480

Abstract

Comics culture has a long precedence in Indonesian art tradition. Earlier visual art appeared in the Hindu-Buddhist temples and in the colonial period. Once, Indonesian comics enjoyed the golden age in the 1970s and 1980s in which the comics sought inspiration from local legends and wayang themes. However, the flood of Western and Japanese comics eroded the supremacy of Indonesian comics. For the latter, it is part of the Japanophile, which later followed by Koreaphile as two global cultural forces overwhelmed Indonesia presently. Manga comics, for example, has become a dominant visual art in the comics market in Indonesia and influencing the style of Indonesian visual art production. Religion is another socio-cultural terrain affected by this cultural development. The present article is an exploration of the comics as a visual art in the religious landscape of Indonesia, especially among the Christians. Comics as the locus of the technology of enchantment renders the trace of religious shift among the average religionists. Employing visual rhetoric criticism, the article will look at the ideological and rhetorical elements of the visual production, and the cultural shifting in the Indonesian Christianity. It further touches upon the notion of cuteness (chibi) and gender as examples of religious rhetoric maintaining a certain ideological position.
Revitalizing the cultural identity of Bali through spatial planning in Denpasar I Gusti Putu Anindya Putra
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2021.1733

Abstract

Bali capital city of Denpasar supposed to reflect a strong Balinese cultural identities, but in reality that cultural identities has declined along of the historical changes and process of development. This study examines the decline of Balinese cultural identities in spatial planning, by focusing it on how to revitalize it and its implications for modern society. Designed has qualitative research, this study collected data through observation, interview, and documentation studies. Data collected analysed by theories geographic and structural functional theories supported by ethnography, semiotics and acculturation theories applied them ecliticly. The results of this study indicate a decline in Balinese cultural identity in spatial planning which has been caused by multicultural community factors, spatial functions that do not exist in the Balinese cultural concept, two forms of traditional village governance and village/kelurahan, as well as changes in the use of the basic dimensions of sikut/gegulak becomes a metric. This study propose strategy of revitalization by reestablishing the values of Balinese cultural identity, cultural literacy, classification and zoning of new functions, synchronizing the authority of traditional villages and villages, and converting basic dimensions into development guidelines. This study offers two findings, that is (1) practical finding relate to the fact that Balinese culture in spatial planning has been applied in the preparation of spatial plans for the city of Denpasar but has not yet been properly implemented; (2) theoretical findings show that Balinese cultural identity in spatial planning is universal, has the ability to absorb elements of external cultures while it is able to maintain its unique cultural identities.
Experiences of interreligious encounter at religiously affiated hospital: Striving to build amicable interreligious relationship through healthcare service in Yogyakarta context Jekonia Tarigan; Heddy Shri Ahimsa-Putra; Leonard Chrysostomos Epafras
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2021.1989

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the interreligious encounter experiences of patients and their families who have diverse religious backgrounds and come to religiously affiliated hospitals (different from their religion). The main question raised is how this experience strengthens their recognition and respect toward other religions, so they are enabled to build amicable interreligious relations. This study is necessary especially in the context of Yogyakarta, which claims itself as ‘City of Tolerance,’ but unfortunately, this claim and image have faded because of many cases of intolerance in multiple social settings, such as school, campus, worship place, religious event, boarding house, even also cemetery. Meanwhile, in Yogyakarta, three major religiously affiliated hospitals have served Yogyakarta residents for tens to hundreds of years, namely Bethesda, Panti Rapih, and PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Following Peter L. Berger, this paper argues that hospital can be seen as a unique social setting, in which pluralism as empirical experience truly happens because, in terms of attitude, the hospital is an institution that is in its service should practice no discrimination toward people from a different background (ethnicity or religiosity) related to service for humanity. Therefore hospital will be a place of encounter for people from various backgrounds and identities. Within the religiously affiliated hospital, pluralism is not only a formal philosophical concept but a social situation in which people with different ethnicities, religions, worldviews, and moralities live together peacefully and interact with each other amicably.
On vampire squid and pie in the sky - Reflections on greed, altruism, global capitalism, Muslim and other ethics Mark Woodward
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2002.2224

Abstract

This article points to some of the ethical short-comings of global capitalism in historical and contemporary contexts. Comparison of late eighteenth/early nineteenth century capitalist enterprises including the British and Dutch East India Companies and contemporary investment banking houses including Goldman Sachs indicates that ethical problems inherent in global capitalism have not changed significantly over the centuries. The analysis presented here builds on explicit critiques of capitalism by the eighteenth-century economist Adam Smith and contemporary critiques by linguist and social critic Noam Chomsky and implicit ones Reggae star Jimmy Cliff. Islamic finance is often described as an alternative to capitalisms that avoid greed based ethnical problems. This is not necessarily the case if Islamic finance is merely fiqh compliant. The fact that Goldman Sachs and other Western banks have entered the Islamic finance business buttresses this position. The economic ethics of the eleventh/twelfth century Muslim theologian and philosopher Hamid al-Ghazali and the contempory Muslim legal scholar Khaled Abou el Fadl offer possible correctives. If, however, Evolutionary biologist Lynn Margulis is correct and greed is a basic component of human nature, the full realization of any ethical economics is unlikely.
The roots of 21st century Malay anger: When young men and women come to the fore Dina S. Zaman
International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies
Publisher : UNHI PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32795/ijiis.vol4.iss2.2002.2225

Abstract

This article seeks to explain briefly to the reader about far right nationalist movements in Malaysia. While this is not a recent occurrence, it spiked during the time of Pakatan Harapan, the Opposition bloc that won the 13th Malaysia General Elections. Seeing non Malay/Muslim faces in the new government frightened many, even those who were against the former Barisan Nasional government. The paper is based on my current research on Malay youth identity of both genders, who are pushing the Malay narrative to the fore, as they demand their rights as Malays; Covid 19 has shown that economic opportunities are getting more scarce. The people I am studying and have spoken to feel that they have low social capital, and their uneasiness at seeing minority communities ‘thrive’ in Malaysia. What is causing this fear? This article posits economic reasons.

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