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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
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Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2010)" : 16 Documents clear
KERUSAKAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI DAN PENURUNAN DAYA DUKUNG SUMBERDAYA AIR DI PULAU JAWA SERTA UPAYA PENANGANANNYA Mawardi, Ikhwanuddin
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

Degradation and critical condition of watersheds in Java is showed by the damage of environmental condition, such as vegetation covered area that is less than 20%, big fluctuation of the river debit, frequent floods, land sliding and draught that its frequency is increased every year. These all result in the decrease of water resource capacity in Java. Besides, Java, that is only 7% of the area of Indonesia, has the highest population amongst islands in Indonesia and supplies the largest Indonesian economy (60%), needs continuously increase water resource capacity. Efforts to manage water resource through watershed environment rehabilitation, using functional approach (organizational roles) or structural approach likes physical/building rehabilitation is crucial to be carried out especially for the very critical watershed.
PELUANG UNTUK MENGURANGI BAHAYA KEBAKARAN Taufik, Muhammad; Setiawan, Budi I; Prasetyo, Lilik B; Pandjaitan, Nora H; suwarso, suwarso
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

Efforts to anticipate and overcome fire occurrence in wetland wood industries are not effective to reduce fire occurrence in dry season. This paper presents our research in Sebangun Bumi Andalas Wood Industries (SBAWI), South Sumatra that aims to (a) find effective water table depth to reduce fire danger, and (b) propose forest management schemes based on water management to reduce fire danger. We monitored daily rainfall, air temperature, and water table depth for period of 1 April 2009 to 11 May 2010 for data input to our model. Fire danger rating was assessed using KBDI model that have been modified to meet local condition of SBAWI, South Sumatra. The results showed that KBDI reached extreme level in August and September 2009 when rainfall was low. Using an analysis of time intensity curve (TI curve) of KBDI, we obtained KBDI onset rate was 12/day. Critical water table depth that is able to reduce KBDI value was 0.66m. The more water table depth than this value, the more KBDI value was. The onset rate was used as basis for water management option to maintain water table depth less than the critical value. Several water management options were described in this paper based on fire danger level and season.
MIKROALGA (CHLORELLA, SP.) SEBAGAI AGENSIA PENAMBAT GAS KARBON DIOKSIDA Mulyanto, Adi
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to respon the issue of global warming where carbon dioxide emmited from burning fossil fuel was expected to be the reason. The experiment was performed at Institute for Environmental Technology, Puspiptek, Serpong within 35 days. Algae (Chlorella, sp.)was cultivated in a raceway type pond. The pond has effective volume of 1000 liters provided with agitator and located in a roofed area. Basic machanism of the CO2 sequestration was photosynthesis process, where chlorophyl, water, CO2, and sun light should be present. Reasearch result identified that algae has high capability for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Therefore, algae can be utilized as an agent for carbon sink. CO2 utilized was come from commercial CO2 tank which was available in the local market and has concentration of about 45%. During experiment, the culture was fed with gradually increasing of CO2 concentration, namely 5.91%, 8.18%, and 9.16%. The macro and micro nutrients were also added into the culture. CO2 absorption by the culture in average only reached 5.34%. therefore, the increasing of CO2 fed into the culture decreased theefficiency of CO2 absorbed. During the experiment, the growth of microalgae was also elaborated.
PENERAPAN TERUMBU KARANG BUATAN (RUMPON) DI PERAIRAN KUTAI KARTANEGARA KALIMANTAN TIMUR Riyadi, Agung
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

Artificial reef (rumpon) are tools in the form fish collecting objects or structures that are designed made from natural or artificial materials that are placed permanently in marine waters. Many oil rigde spread in coastal area. Majority of fisherman from Kutai Kartanegara catch a fish around oil ridge and very dangerous. The Application of artificial reef technology as coral reefs have been set at Kutai Kartanegera waters in 2009. Activities are particularly in assessment site selection survey for deployment the artificial reef depand the quality and depth water. Artificial reef made of concrete with a total 60 pieces and has a size of 2 x 2.5 meters. The results of physical and chemical analysis such as water temperature, depth, salinity, turbidity, based material and dissolved oxygen in the normal condition. The dominat of sediment in a sand bed is muddy and has a marine topography a slope, because there is still considerable influence of the Mahakam delta. There are six potential locations for mooring artificial reef at position UTM 1.555000/9975100; 2.555823/9978221;3.559711/9981510;4.562515/9986117;5.558448/9991855; 6.557506/9987513. Artificial reef placement depths ranging 15 - 25 meters.
PENGGUNAAN MIKROALGA CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA CHICK AMOBIL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR DALAM AKUAKULTUR Riffiani, Rini
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

Immobilized microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was applied initially to nutrient and heavy metal removal of wastewater. Immobilized microalgae using alginate was then developed for aquaculture application, such as controlling fish water culture quality to uptake concentration of ammonium, nitrate and to increase the oxygen level in water. During immobilization, algal cell maintain their respiratory and photosynthetic activities as that cell in the normal condition. The objective of this research was to examine the role of C. pyrenoidosa immobile on controlling the water quality by measuring ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen content. Five aquariums consisted of 40 litres of water were filled with 20 Nile Tilapia (Oreothromis niloticus) with the average weight between 1.6 and 1.7 g. The immobile algae cell were packaged in two nillon porus bag (pore size was 2x3 mm in diameter) and each immobile cell had 4 millimeter in diameter. Each aquarium was added with 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 of immobile cell. The treatment had 2 replicates. The results showed that the aquarium filled with 4000 beads of immobile cell gave the best result. The ammonium content on the water decrease 6,626 ppm/day, nitrate content on the water decreased 13.99 ppm/ day, soluble oxygen raised 0.766 per day and fish biomass raised 1.56 g/fish for 15 days.
KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU KARANG CONGKAK KEPULAUAN SERIBU Santoso, Arif Dwi
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

Seribu Island corral reef and reef fish are endangered by natural impact, various pressures from inland activities and destructive fishing practices. Cumulatively, these pressures appear to have significantly degraded corral reefs and its ecosystem over time. Meanwhile the corral reef ecosystem condition determines surroundings biodiversity condition that impact to local community. Therefore,it is necessary to serve and monitor corral reef ecosystem regularly. This article showed that corral reef covering at Karang Congkak Island was more lower abaout 27.41%. Degraded corral reefs occurred by several factors: increasing water temperature due to climate change, bathymetry and tide and destructive activity likely un-friendly fishing, corral mining and tourism activity.
STUDI BAKTERI HETEROTROPIK SEBAGAI INDIKATOR PENCEMARAN DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI BRANTAS Imamuddin, Hartati
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

The experiment was carried out to study the level of pollution of organic substances entering Brantas River. The water samples were taken twice in a year from 5 stations(Juni dan Agustus 2006..). The number of bacteria was counted by plate count technique. Results showed that 17 species of heterotrophic bascteria were found in the first survey, and 16 species in the second survey, the number of species in first survey ang second survey is almost the same but different from species dominant because the water quqlity is also slightly change ( tables 4 and 7. Bacterial population was composed of various species and varied in each stasiun.The various of the species occuredbecause every species has different activity for degrading the types of waste. Pollution level is inversely correlated with number of heterotrophic bacteria.
PENILAIAN DAMPAK KENAIKAN MUKA AIR LAUT PADA WILAYAH PANTAI: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU Dasanto, Bambang Dwi
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

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Abstract

Indramayu is located on the North Coast of Java, and their the physical characteristics are low elevation, flat topography and slope about 2%. This region is vulnerable to sea level rise and / or high tide. The rate of sea level rise in this region is about 0.2 mm / year. This rate is not consideringexpansion of sea temperatures, and melting of polar ice volume. Based on the global scenario, the rate of sea level rise in the study area is a 10 mm / year and the year 2000 as the baseline year. Sea level around Indramayu region could expose many more thousands of people and billions of Rupiahs in assets to flooding. To investigate this condition, four sea level events (0.5, 1.0, 2:53 and 3:03 m) are considered in this study. Based on 0.5 and 1.0 meter of sea level four sub-district (Kandanghaur, Losarang, Sindang and Indramayu) can be inundated. For 2.53 and 3.03 meterof sea level, the flood direction to the south and almost the entire northern coast of Indramayu is affected by flooding. Four scenarios of sea level can predict the flood area, that are, around 2900, 7300, 34 600 and 42 000 ha. Number of people exposed and threatened by floods due to changes in sea level is approximately 29 000, 100 000, 351 000 and 579 000 inhabitants. The more widespread and the number of people threatened by flooding, the amount of the loss is also higher, namely 1.1, 1.9, 82.6 and 104.3 billion rupiah. In the period of 0.5 and 1.0 meter of sea level, the highest losses are in the fish pond sector, but when combined with high tide (sea surfaceheight reaches 2.53 and 3.03 m) then the paddy fields suffered very high losses.
PELUANG UNTUK MENGURANGI BAHAYA KEBAKARAN Taufik, Muhammad; Setiawan, Budi I; Prasetyo, Lilik B; Pandjaitan, Nora H; suwarso, suwarso
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (582.378 KB)

Abstract

Efforts to anticipate and overcome fire occurrence in wetland wood industries are not effective to reduce fire occurrence in dry season. This paper presents our research in Sebangun Bumi Andalas Wood Industries (SBAWI), South Sumatra that aims to (a) find effective water table depth to reduce fire danger, and (b) propose forest management schemes based on water management to reduce fire danger. We monitored daily rainfall, air temperature, and water table depth for period of 1 April 2009 to 11 May 2010 for data input to our model. Fire danger rating was assessed using KBDI model that have been modified to meet local condition of SBAWI, South Sumatra. The results showed that KBDI reached extreme level in August and September 2009 when rainfall was low. Using an analysis of time intensity curve (TI curve) of KBDI, we obtained KBDI onset rate was 12/day. Critical water table depth that is able to reduce KBDI value was 0.66m. The more water table depth than this value, the more KBDI value was. The onset rate was used as basis for water management option to maintain water table depth less than the critical value. Several water management options were described in this paper based on fire danger level and season.
MIKROALGA (CHLORELLA, SP.) SEBAGAI AGENSIA PENAMBAT GAS KARBON DIOKSIDA Mulyanto, Adi
Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Hidrosfir Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (508.728 KB)

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to respon the issue of global warming where carbon dioxide emmited from burning fossil fuel was expected to be the reason. The experiment was performed at Institute for Environmental Technology, Puspiptek, Serpong within 35 days. Algae (Chlorella, sp.)was cultivated in a raceway type pond. The pond has effective volume of 1000 liters provided with agitator and located in a roofed area. Basic machanism of the CO2 sequestration was photosynthesis process, where chlorophyl, water, CO2, and sun light should be present. Reasearch result identified that algae has high capability for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Therefore, algae can be utilized as an agent for carbon sink. CO2 utilized was come from commercial CO2 tank which was available in the local market and has concentration of about 45%. During experiment, the culture was fed with gradually increasing of CO2 concentration, namely 5.91%, 8.18%, and 9.16%. The macro and micro nutrients were also added into the culture. CO2 absorption by the culture in average only reached 5.34%. therefore, the increasing of CO2 fed into the culture decreased theefficiency of CO2 absorbed. During the experiment, the growth of microalgae was also elaborated.

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