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KALPATARU

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Published by Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue " Vol 21, No 1 (2012)" : 7 Documents clear

Humanisme dalam Tradisi Kubur Batu Megalitik di Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Nurrochsyam, Mikka Wildha
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Tradisi kubur batu di Sumba merupakan salah satu budaya kolosal yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia. Bagi masyarakat Sumba, kesadaran tentang hidup sesudah mati telah melahirkan tradisi kubur batu yang unik dan spektakuler. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan dua aspek dinamika budaya dalam tradisi kubur batu megalitik, yaitu proses internalisasi dan akulturasi budaya. Selanjutnya, saya akan memperlihatkan adanya aspek humanisme sebagai dasar penting dalam dinamika budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam serta dukungan studi pustaka. Obyek penelitian adalah tradisi kubur batu megalitik di Sumba yang dilihat menurut sisi dinamika budaya untuk meningkatkan harkat dan martabat masyarakat pendukungnya. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai orientasi untuk melihat adanya dinamika kebudayaan dalam masyarakat, dan melihat orientasi bagi perkembangan budaya yang bermartabat. Abstract. Humanism in the Megalithic Stone Burial in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. The tradition of stone burial in Sumba Island is one of the colossal and exotic cultures owned by the nation of Indonesia. For the people of Sumba, awareness on life after death has spawned a unique and spectacular tradition of megalithic stone burial. This study illustrates two important aspects of cultural dynamics in the tradition of megalithic stone burial, namely internalization and acculturation processes. I will also reveal a fundamental aspect of humanism as a very important role in the dynamics of culture. This study uses qualitative methods, which are depth interviews and observations, supported by library research. The object of this research is stone burial tradition seen from the dynamics of culture to enhance the dignity of its community. Result of this research is useful as an orientation to understand the cultural dynamics of a society, and to view the orientation for the development of more humane culture.

Perface Kalpataru Volume 21, nomor 1, tahun 2012 Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, Redaksi
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Candi Panataran: Candi Kerajaan Masa Majapahit. Santiko, Hariani
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Candi Panataran adalah candi kerajaan (State Temple) Kerajaan Majapahit, didirikan di sebuah tanah yang berpotensi sakral karena di tempat itu terdapat prasasti Palah dari jaman Kadiri, berisi tentang pemujaan Bhatara ri Palah. Berdasarkan angka tahun yang ditemukan di kompleks candi, setidaknya Candi Panataran dipakai sejak pemerintahan Raja Jayanagara hingga Ratu Suhita. Pada jaman Majapahit, Candi Panataran adalah candi untuk memuja Paramasiwa yang disebut dengan berbagai nama, tattwa tertinggi dalam agama Siwasiddhanta. Bahkan ada kemungkinan sebuah Kadewaguruan (tempat pendidikan agama) dibangun di sekitar kompleks candi, tetapi dimana kepastian letaknya, belum jelas. Candi Panataran adalah “pusat spiritual” kerajaan Majapahit. Abstract. Panataran Temple was a state temple of the Majapahit Kingdom, which was built on a piece of land that had the potency to be sacred because there was an inscription, the Palah inscription, from the Kadiri period. The inscription is about devotion to Bhatara ri Palah. Based on a date found within the temple complex, it is assumed that at least the Panataran Temple was functioned since the reigning periods of King Jayanagara until Queen Suhita. During the Majapahit period, the Panataran Temple was a temple dedicated to Paramasiwa, who was known by various names, the highest tattwa in Siwasiddhanta religion. In fact, there is a possibility that a Kadewaguruan (centre of religious teachings) was built around the temple complex, but the exact location is yet to be found. The Panataran Temple was the “spiritual centre” of the Majapahit Kingdom.

Appendix Kalpataru Volume 21, nomor 1, tahun 2012 Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, Redaksi
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Penelitian Puncak-Puncak Peradaban di Pantai Utara Jawa Barat dan Proses Perjalanan Masyarakat Hindu. Nanang Saptono, Nanang
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Salah satu program penelitian Balai Arkeologi Bandung pada periode 2009 – 2014 adalah mengenai puncak-puncak peradaban di pantai utara Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini secara diakronis ditekankan pada masyarakat Protosejarah, masyarakat masa Klasik, dan masyarakat masa Islam. Khusus pada permasalahan masyarakat masa Klasik, penelitian didasarkan pada data awal bahwa di Karawang terdapat pusat peradaban yang mula-mula berlatarkan pada agama Hindu kemudian berkembang pula agama Buddha. Sementara itu pada penelitian sebelumnya telah didapatkan data mengenai keberadaan masyarakat Hindu di pedalaman Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada tahun 2009 di Kabupaten Karawang, dan Purwakarta serta pada 2010 di Kabupaten Subang diperoleh simpulan bahwa masyarakat Hindu yang semula berada di pantai utara, setelah mendapat tekanan dari masyarakat Buddha, mereka melakukan perpindahan ke pedalaman dan akhirnya berhasil membangun pusat peradaban di pedalaman Jawa Barat. Abstract. One of the Balai Arkeologi Bandung’s research programs in the period of 2000 – 2014 is about the peaks of civilization on the northern coast of West Java. This study diachronically puts emphasis on Proto-historic, Classical, and Islamic communities. Regarding the problems among the Classical communities, this study was based on preliminary data that there was a centre of civilization at Karawang which initial background was Hindu, and later Buddhism also developed. Meanwhile, during previous investigation was obtained data on the existence of Hindu communities in the interior parts of West Java. Based on results of research in 2009 at Karawang Regency and Purwakarta as well as in 2010 at Subang Regency, we came to the conclusion that the Hindu communities that originally lived on the north coast, after being pressured by the Buddhist communities, moved to the interior and eventually managed to build a centre of civilization in the inland of West Java.

“Memasyarakatkan” Living Megalithic: Pesona Masa Lalu Yang Tetap Bergema. Handini, Retno
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Situs dan budaya megalitik berlanjut (living megalithic) yang ada di Indonesia seperti Nias, Toraja, Sumba, Sabu, Ngada, dan Ende memiliki daya tarik eksotis, baik bagi ilmu pengetahuan maupun untuk dinikmati khalayak ramai sebagai sebuah tampilan budaya. Segi-segi ilmiah tetap menuntut penjelasan akademis tentang proses budaya sejak diperkirakan muncul sebelum Tarikh Masehi hingga mampu bertahan sampai saat ini, sementara “memasyarakatkan” budaya megalitik yang masih hidup merupakan sebuah pesona tersendiri, karena merupakan “window to the past”, yang jarang terjadi pada tinggalan arkeologis. Melihat dan menikmati budaya megalitik yang masih berlanjut adalah sebuah atraksi wisata budaya yang sangat luar biasa, apalagi ketika menyentuh tata cara pendirian bangunan megalitik dengan teknik-teknik sederhananya, saat teknologi modern tidak digunakan. Situasi seperti ini akan memberi nilai wisata budaya yang tinggi, dengan daya tarik tersendiri, sehingga living megalithic perlu dimasyarakatkan. Abstract. “Socializing” Living Megalithic: The Charm of the Past that Still Exists. The living megalithic sites and cultures in Indonesia such as Nias, Toraja, Sumba, Sabu, Ngada, and Ende are exotic attractions both from scientific perspective and from the point of view of public attractions as cultural items. The scientific side requires academic explanation about their cultural processes since their initial emergence ± 2,500 years ago up to now. Meanwhile, “socializing” living megalithic culture is due to its charm as the “window to the past,” which is rarely the case with other types of archaeological remains. To see and enjoy living megalithic culture are spectacular from the point of view of cultural tourism, especially the process of building a megalithic structure using simple traditional techniques without modern technology. Such experience will enhance the value of cultural tourism. Therefore living megalithic traditions need to be socialized to the general public.

Arkeologi Untuk Semua: Bentuk Dan Prospek Pemanfaatnnya Di Papua. Mahmud, M. Irfan
KALPATARU Vol 21, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional

Tulisan dalam setting Papua ini ingin memperlihatkan bahwa arkeologi dapat diharapkan ikut berperan menjembatani kebutuhan informasi masyarakat secara luas. Arkeologi memiliki dimensi luas: ideologis, akademis, dan praktis. Secara ideologis, arkeologi terkait dengan aspek kebutuhan dasar masyarakat, yakni identitas dan karakter. Dalam konteks Papua, ditemui banyak isu yang berkaitan dimensi arkeologi, seperti problem identitas budaya, hubungan historis kebangsaan, multikulturalisme, lemahnya muatan pendidikan karakter, rendahnya apresiasi stakeholder, komodifikasi, serta persoalan kebijakan pengembangan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya arkeologi. Keterpaduan kegiatan penelitian dengan kepentingan masyarakat dalam konteks wilayah Papua dianggap merupakan salah satu koridor dalam membuka wawasan mengelola isu-isu tersebut. Dalam konteks isu-isu tersebut akan digambarkan bentuk dan prospek program arkeologi terhadap enam kelompok kepentingan di Papua, yaitu: (1) masyarakat umum; (2) pelajar dan guru; (3) anggota legislatif dan para eksekutif (termasuk birokrat); (4) penegak hukum; (5) manajer dan arkeolog; (6) masyarakat lokal. Pada intinya tulisan ini akan menggambarkan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran implementasi arkeologi dari akademis ke publik. Karena itu, sumberdaya arkeologi merupakan komponen penting pembangunan masa kini dari sumber-sumber masa lalu yang dapat diorientasikan melayani kebutuhan masa kini untuk semua stakeholder. Abstract. This article in Papua setting is aimed to show that archaeology can fulfill its role as provider of information to society at large. Archaeology has broad dimensions, which are ideological, academic, and practical. Ideologically, archaeology is related to the basic needs of society, which are identity and character. In the context of Papua, there are plenty of issues regarding the dimensions of archaeology, such as the problem of cultural identity, historic relation of nationalism, multiculturalism, the weakness of character education, poor appreciation among stakeholders, commodification, as well as the problem of policies regarding the development and utilization of archaeological sources. The integration between research activities and public needs in the context of Papua is believed to be one of the corridors to open the insights in the management of those issues. In the context of those issues, this article will describe the forms and prospects of archaeological program on six interest groups in Papua: (1) the general public; (2) students and teachers; (3) members of legislative and executive boards (including bureaucrats); (4) law enforcement community; (5) managers and archaeologists; and (6) local communities. In essence, this article will illustrate that there has been a shift of archaeological implementation from academic to public. Therefore archaeological sources are among the important elements in present development based on resources of the past that can be oriented to serve the present needs for all stakeholders.

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