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Cendawan entomopatogen sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis: Entomopathogenic fungi as plant resistance inducer: A systematic review Vajri, Indri Yanil; Trizelia, Trizelia; Kuswardani, Retna Astuti; Saragih, Magdalena
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.75

IInsect pathologists' attention to the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as inducers of plant resistance has increased in recent years. Several types of EPF that have received attention as biocontrol agents for insect pest populations include Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma sp. because they are able to infect and kill insects directly, has a wide host range, and has been used to control various types of insect pests. Apart from being able to infect and kill insect pests, EPF can also live endophytically in plant tissue and increase plant resistance to pest attacks. The presence of EPF as endophytes is able to induce plant resistance by stimulating an increase phytohormones production. In this article, we reviewed the role of fungi as entomopathogens, the characteristics of entomopathogenic fungi, and their role as inducers of plant resistance. The review was carried out by collecting information from original articles and related reports which reviewed the results of research on the role of entomopathogenic fungi as plant resistance inducers by including the keywords entomopathogenic endophytic fungi, resistance induction, characterization, systemic resistance and herbivorous insects. This systematic review concludes that EPF as an inducer of plant resistance is a very promising control alternative in the development of plant protection management against insect pests.

The effect of maize plants as a repellent for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on chili plants: Pengaruh tanaman jagung sebagai penolak Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) pada tanaman cabai Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Soffan, Alan; Akbar, Muhammad Aulia
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.16

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is crital pest of chili plants. Besides using chemical insecticides to control B. tabaci, the actions that can be taken for B. tabaci management include applying repellent compounds. This research aims to study the potential of various commercial corn varieties in producing repellent compounds for B. tabaci. The method used in this research involved testing the response of B. tabaci using a Y tube olfactometer and GCMS analysis on varieties P-21, Bisi-18, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 on a laboratory scale. Volatile compounds were collected from corn plants aged 3–10 weeks after planting (WAP). The results showed that Bisi-18, P-21, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 maize exhibited repellency against B. tabaci. The highest repellency for all corn varieties was observed at 10 WAP. The P-21 variety exhibited 80% repellency, followed by Pertiwi 3 and Bisi-18 with 78% repellency, while NK-212 showed the weakest repellencyat 60%. Results from volatile compounds identification of each maize varieties demonstrated revealed several compounds with repellent properties against B. tabaci, including 9-otadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, beta caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol. Using maize plants to manage B. tabaci has the potential to be an environmentally friendly management technique. Further research is needed on B. tabaci management technique to achieve a more effective and efficient combination.

The characterization of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera mrjp2 gene in Indonesia and the phylogeny relationship with mrjp family genes: Karakterisasi gen mrjp2 Apis cerana dan Apis mellifera di Indonesia dan hubungan filogeni dengan gen mrjp famili Shullia, Nurul Insani; Febiriani, Tia Vina; Raffiudin, Rika; Widjaja, Candra; Atmowidi, Tri
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.1

The major royal jelly protein 2 (mrjp2) gene is one of the molecular markers that can discriminate between Apis cerana Fabricius and A. mellifera Linnaeus. Due to the lack of mrjp2 gene sequences registered in GenBank for Indonesian A. cerana and A. mellifera, DNA characterization and bioinformatics analysis were needed. This research aimed to characterize the exon-intron organization of mrjp2 genes for both Indonesian bee species and analyze the phylogenetic relationship with other mrjp family genes. DNA samples of Apis cerana and A. mellifera, collected from Bogor, were amplified using MF-MR primer at annealing temperatures of 47 oC and 50 oC, respectively. The length of A. cerana and A. mellifera DNA sequences were 579 and 597 bp, respectively. The DNA sequences of both species were comprised of partial exons 1, introns 1, exons 2, introns 2, and partial exon 3. The number of putative amino acids of A. cerana and A. mellifera mrjp2 genes were 111 and 123, respectively. We confirmed that the partial MRJP2 putative amino acids of both honey bees belong to the MRJP family and contained the peptide signal in the 14 first amino acid sites. Nucleotide variation of the mrjp2 gene in A. cerana was higher than A. mellifera. Phylogenetic tree construction showed that A. cerana and A. mellifera form a monophyletic clade with the A. mellifera mrjp7 gene and another mrjp family gene clustered as reported in a previous study.

Pengaruh pemberian sampah organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan astaxanthin pada pupa black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus)) Sidauruk, Arkhey; Prasetyaningsih, Aniek; Madyaningrana, Kukuh
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.23

Black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus)) or BSF are insects that process organic waste, with larvae rich in nutrients and potential as an alternative protein source for food and feed. Astaxanthin, an antioxidant found in plants, algae, and crustaceans, is also assumed to be present in insects like BSF. This study examined the impact of feeding different organic wastes on BSF larval growth and astaxanthin content in its pupae. The experimental design involved four treatments: fruit and vegetable scraps (BS), tofu pulp (AT), rice leftovers (N), and a mix of fruit and vegetable scraps, tofu pulp and rice left-over (C), with animal feed T51 as control. Each treatment was repeated three times. Growth parameters of BSF such as weight, length, and larval characteristics, along with the chemical content of pupae, including astaxanthin, were measured. Pupae were extracted using a triphasic maceration method with n-heptane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, butanol-l, and distilled water. Compound identification was done using terpenoid qualitative tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The findings revealed that fruit and vegetable scraps (BS) significantly increased larval body size, with a weight of 0.09 ± 0.04 grams/larvae and a length of 1.49 ± 0.31 cm/larvae. LC-MS analysis detected lutein derivatives, anisodamine, resveratrol derivatives, dehydroarginine, and astaxanthin derivatives with a molecular mass of 597.23 m/z in BSF larvae fed on fruit and vegetable scraps.

Perbandingan aktivitas harian dua spesies lebah tanpa sengat di Sulawesi Barat: Comparison of daily activities of two species stingless bees in West Sulawesi Hasan, Phika Ainnadya; Suhri, Andi Gita Maulidyah Indraswari; Putera, Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.41

Stingless bees are spread across several islands in Indonesia, including Sulawesi. There have been no reports of daily activity of stingless bees in West Sulawesi Province. Therefore, this study aims to identify types of stingless bees in West Sulawesi, measure their daily activities, and their relationship with environmental parameters. The research was conducted in the highlands (Taupe Village, Mamasa Regency, 1,340 m dpl) and the lowlands (Mirring Village, Polewali Mandar Regency, 63 m dpl). Daily activity data collected which includes the activities in and out of the nest, carrying pollen, and throwing away rubbish. Daily activity observations use the scan sampling method. The results of the research show that the type of bee in Taupe Village is Wallacetrigona incisa (Sakagami & Inoue), while in Mirring Village is Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell). There was no significant difference in the daily activity of W. incisa in the highlands and T. sapiens in the lowlands (P > 0.05). Significant differences were seen between the activities of leaving and entering the nest and the activities of carrying pollen and throwing away rubbish (P < 0.05). Wind speed is an environmental parameter that influences pollen-carrying activity in T. sapiens in the lowlands (r = 0.83; P = 0.002). Environmental parameters greatly influenced the daily activity of W. incisa at 12.00 pm, with an influence of 93% (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that differences in the type and habitat of bees and environmental factors cause differences in the daily activity of stingless bees.

Survival and development of Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cocoa bean and cocoa powder: Kemampuan hidup dan perkembangan Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada biji dan bubuk kakao Astuti, Ludji Pantja; Sartika, Putri Dewi; Mutala'liah, Mutala'liah; Wulandari, Ratna; Ramadhan, Nino Trifatu
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.35

The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker) is a notable stored product pest which can cause detrimental loss on stored cocoa. Cocoa can be stored in bean and powder forms. The information about survival and development of C. cautella on stored cocoa is limited. This research aimed to determine the effect of cocoa powder and cocoa bean in the storage against the survival and development of C. cautella. This research was conducted in Plant Pests Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. This research consisted of two treatments namely cocoa bean and cocoa powder with no choice method and repeated six times. The observed variables were number of larvae, pupae, male and female almond moth of F1 progeny, and developmental time of this insect. The t-test analysis was applied to determine the treatment effect. Results showed that the number of larvae, pupae, adult males and females of F1 progeny cultured on cocoa powder were significantly higher than on cocoa bean. The total developmental time and life cycle of almond moth were shorter on cocoa powder than on cocoa bean. Therefore, to store cocoa in powder form is riskier to the almond moth infestation rather than in bean form. Hence, it is suggested to take more concern on the cocoa powder storage better in order to minimize the almond moth infestation.

The diversity and ecological roles of insects and arachnids in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plantation in Palasari, Bandung Regency: Keanekaragaman dan fungsi ekologis serangga dan arachnida pada ekosistem kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) di Palasari, Kabupaten Bandung Maharani, Yani; Dewi, Ajeng Putri Kusuma; Rasiska, Siska; Hutapea, Dedi; Maxiselly, Yudithia; Sandrawati, Apong
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.54

The diversity of arthropod communities is often used as a bioindicator of environmental changes, specifically in coffee farms with various management systems. Significant impacts of the environmental changes lead to alterations in the community structure and function of arthropods. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and ecological roles of insect and arachnids in arabica coffee plantations in Bandung Regency. Sampling was conducted on five plots measuring 100 m2 each, with a separating distance of 50 m, in coffee farms located in Legok Nyenang Village, Bandung Regency. This was performed five times per weekly intervals using sweep nets, yellow tray traps, and beating sheets. Subsequently, collected samples were identified based on morphological characters at the Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. A total of 269 insects species (11 orders and 98 families, total 669 individuals) and 23 species of Arachnida (one order and 13 families, total 44 individuals) were found, The most abundance of natural enemies were the parasitoid, Megacampsomeris prismatica (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) and the predator, Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Meanwhile, the ecological function of the group with the lowest number was pollinators (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Although the diversity of insects and arachnids species found in coffee farms was high (H' = 5.10), the evenness and dominance index were relatively low. These results showed the potential of coffee plantations as ecosystems for conserving predatory arthropods biodiversity. Consequently, coffee cultivation practices and pest management strategies must prioritize the protection of beneficial insects such as natural enemies and pollinators.

Cendawan entomopatogen sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman: Sebuah tinjauan sistematis: Entomopathogenic fungi as plant resistance inducer: A systematic review Vajri, Indri Yanil; Trizelia, Trizelia; Kuswardani, Retna Astuti; Saragih, Magdalena
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.75

IInsect pathologists' attention to the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as inducers of plant resistance has increased in recent years. Several types of EPF that have received attention as biocontrol agents for insect pest populations include Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma sp. because they are able to infect and kill insects directly, has a wide host range, and has been used to control various types of insect pests. Apart from being able to infect and kill insect pests, EPF can also live endophytically in plant tissue and increase plant resistance to pest attacks. The presence of EPF as endophytes is able to induce plant resistance by stimulating an increase phytohormones production. In this article, we reviewed the role of fungi as entomopathogens, the characteristics of entomopathogenic fungi, and their role as inducers of plant resistance. The review was carried out by collecting information from original articles and related reports which reviewed the results of research on the role of entomopathogenic fungi as plant resistance inducers by including the keywords entomopathogenic endophytic fungi, resistance induction, characterization, systemic resistance and herbivorous insects. This systematic review concludes that EPF as an inducer of plant resistance is a very promising control alternative in the development of plant protection management against insect pests.

The effect of maize plants as a repellent for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on chili plants: Pengaruh tanaman jagung sebagai penolak Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) pada tanaman cabai Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Soffan, Alan; Akbar, Muhammad Aulia
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.16

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is crital pest of chili plants. Besides using chemical insecticides to control B. tabaci, the actions that can be taken for B. tabaci management include applying repellent compounds. This research aims to study the potential of various commercial corn varieties in producing repellent compounds for B. tabaci. The method used in this research involved testing the response of B. tabaci using a Y tube olfactometer and GCMS analysis on varieties P-21, Bisi-18, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 on a laboratory scale. Volatile compounds were collected from corn plants aged 3–10 weeks after planting (WAP). The results showed that Bisi-18, P-21, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 maize exhibited repellency against B. tabaci. The highest repellency for all corn varieties was observed at 10 WAP. The P-21 variety exhibited 80% repellency, followed by Pertiwi 3 and Bisi-18 with 78% repellency, while NK-212 showed the weakest repellencyat 60%. Results from volatile compounds identification of each maize varieties demonstrated revealed several compounds with repellent properties against B. tabaci, including 9-otadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, beta caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol. Using maize plants to manage B. tabaci has the potential to be an environmentally friendly management technique. Further research is needed on B. tabaci management technique to achieve a more effective and efficient combination.

Asosiasi Baru New association between Cecidochares connexa (M.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and local parasitoids: Revisiting classical biological controlantara Cecidochares connexa (M) (Diptera: Tephritidae) dengan Parasitoid Lokal: Sebuah Tinjauan Terhadap Pengendalian Hayati Klasik : Asosiasi baru antara Cecidochares connexa (M) (Diptera: Tephritidae) dan parasitoid lokal: Sebuah tinjauan terhadap pengendalian hayati klasik Harianto, Muhammad; Triwidodo, Hermanu; Agus, Nurariaty; Buchori, Damayanti
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.63

The gall fly Cecidochares connexa (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was introduced in Bantimurung, Polewali Mandar Regency, South Sulawesi in 1999, to control the Siam weed Chromolaena odorata, an invasive weed from Florida, United States. However, some previous studies have shown that C. connexa can be attacked by local predators and parasitoids, which can affect the effectiveness of C. connexa in the field. The objective of the research is to study the new interaction and association between the introduced C. connexa, and local parasitoids. The research was conducted in April-December 2021 at two habitats namely open fields and cocoa plantations, in four villages of Polewali Mandar Regency. Purposive sampling was conducted to collect C. odorata infested by the gall flies. Thirty C. odorata samples were collected from three different sites at each habitat and each village. The galls were grouped into two different categories i.e. those with and with out holes. The galls with holes were then reared until the insects emerged and the insect specimens were identified. The research results showed that the gall numbers, healthy and parasitized C. connexa at opened areas were significantly higher as compared to cocoa plantations. Parasitism phenomenon indicated the new interaction and association between the C. connexa with the local parasitoids. The parasitization rate of C. connexa in the opened fields (23.24%) was not significantly with in the cocoa plantations (28.84%). On the parasitized C. connexa were found four families of parasitoids i.e. Eulophidae, Braconidae, Eupelmidae, and Ormyridae. The dominant parasitoid found was Quadrastichus sp.1, with the parasitization rate of 14% in open fields and 10% in cocoa plantations.

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