cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Hayati Minarsih
Contact Email
menaraperkebunanppbbi@gmail.org
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
menaraperkebunan@iribb.org
Editorial Address
Jalan Taman Kencana No.1 Bogor 16128, Jawa Barat
Location
Kab. bogor,
Jawa barat
INDONESIA
Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009" : 5 Documents clear
Penggunaan enzim protease pada pengolahan lateks pekat DPNR sebagai bahan pembuatan sphygmomanometer Use of protease on the processing of concentrated latex DPNR as material for sphygmomanometer manufacturing . SISWANTO; . SUHARYANTO; Yoharmus SYAMSU
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (89.564 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.82

Abstract

AbstractIn order to increase competitiveness in the international market especially in USA, the domestic industrial manufactures of latex dipping products have to meet the FDA requirement for protein standard that is 150 g protein/g. Use of cheap protease from an effective local sources will support the production of concentrated latex with low protein so that the end product will meet FDA prerequisite of standard protein. Local source of proteases from Bacillus sp. isolated from latex coagula serum (LCS), papain and bromeline were examinated their proteolytic activity using casein and casein mixed with LCS (1:1) as substrate. The best protease source will be applied to produce deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) of concentrated latex, and furthermore used as raw material in producing sphygmomanometer at commercial scale. The objective of this research is to determine the best protease source and condition of optimum activity and its effectiveness for producing DPNR of concentrated latex as raw material for sphygmomanometer production. The result showed that Bacillus sp. K3 is the best isolate for protease producer with protease activity of 0.438 U/mL under room temperature (28-30oC) for three days. Of three sources of protease tested, papain was the most active one when casein was used as substrate. The used of LCS as substrate was not efficient because of the presence of protease inhibitor which could not be removed by heating at 100C for five minutes. The proteolytic activity of papain was optimum at room temperature 37C and pH 7.7-11 i.e achieved 0.6-0.7 U/mL. Sphygmomanometers component produced by concentrated latex non DPNR containing 0,27-0.31% total N and 445-710 g extractable protein/g, whereas sphygmo-manometers component produced by latex DPNR containing 0.18-0.28% total N and 79-103 extractable protein thus pass its protein content prerequisite of FDA (<150 g /g). Sphygmo-manometers component produced by con-centrated latex DPNR have physical properties such as tensile strength, modulus 300% and elongation at break better than conventional concentrated latex.AbstrakUntuk meningkatkan daya saing di pasar internasional khususnya Amerika Serikat, barang celup lateks alam produksi dalam negeri harus memenuhi standar protein yang ditetapkan oleh FDA yaitu 150 g protein/g. Penggunaan enzim protease dari sumber lokal yang murah dan efektif akan membantu dalam pembuatan lateks pekat rendah protein sehingga produk yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar protein yang disyaratkan FDA. Sumber enzim protease lokaldari isolat Bacillus sp. yang diisolasi dari serum bekuan lateks (SBL), papain dan bromelin diuji aktivitas proteo-litiknya dengan substrat kasein dan campuran kasein dan SBL (1:1). Sumber enzim protease terbaik digunakan untuk produksi lateks pekat deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) dan selanjutnya lateks tersebut digunakan untuk percobaan produksi komponen sphygmomanometer skala komersial. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan sumber protease terbaik dan kondisi optimum aktivitasnya untuk pembuatan lateks pekat DPNR dan komponen sphygmomanometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus sp. K3 adalah isolat terbaik dalam menghasilkan enzim protease yaitu mencapai 0,438 U/mL pada inkubasi suhu ruang (28-30oC) selama tiga hari. Dari ketiga sumber protease yang diuji, enzim papain menujukkan aktivitas terbaik ketika diuji dengan substrat kasein. Penggunaan subtrat SBL kurang sesuai untuk produksi protease karena adanya inhibit orprotease yang tidak bisa dihilangkan dengan cara pemanasan pada suhu 100C selama lima menit. Aktivitas enzim papain optimum pada suhu 37C dan antara pH 7,7-11, yaitu mencapai 0,6- 0,7 U/mL. Komponen sphygmomanometer konvensional yang dibuat dengan bahan baku lateks pekat non DPNR memiliki kadar N total 0,27-0,31% dan kadar protein terekstrak 445- 710 g/g, sedangkan komponen sphygmomanometer yang diproduksi dengan lateks pekat DPNR memiliki kadar N total 0,18-0,28% dan protein terekstrak 79-103 g/g sehingga memenuhi ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh FDA yaitu <150 μg/g. Sifat fisika seperti tegangan putus, modulus 300%, dan perpanjangan putus komponen sphygmomanometer yang dibuat dari lateks pekat DPNR lebih baik dari pada lateks pekat non DPNR.
Potensi Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KTSS untuk bioremediasi merkuri di dalam tanah The Potential use of Pseudomonas fluorescens KTSS strain formercury bioremediation in the soil Laksmita Prima SANTI; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (166.781 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.100

Abstract

AbstractHeavy metals are widespread pollutants insoil and become environmental concern as theyare non-degradable and highly persistent. Solidand/or liquid wastes containing toxic heavymetals may be generated in various industrial ormining processes. A heavy metal resistantbacterium may be present in the soil and miningsite. As they already preconditioned by abundantheavy metals contaminant, the use of thesebacterium is assumed to be effective in improvingmetals reduction. To obtain bacterial isolateshighly capable of mercury (Hg) reduction,isolation activities have been conducted atselected sites of mining locations in SouthSumatera. The highly potential bacteriapossessing mercury reducing capability has beenisolated from this site i.e. Pseudomonasfluorescens KTSS strain. Inoculating of 25%(v/w) suspension of P. fluorescens KTSS strain insoil material added 5000 ppb of mercury, couldreduced about 53.3% of mercury soil contents.Best vegetative growth performance of cocoaseedlings was shown by the application of 15-15-15 NPK conventional fertilizers in combinationwith the addition of 1.6 – 3.25 g of P. fluorescensKTSS bio-ameliorant/seed. A Greenhouseexperiment results of cocoa seedlings were inconcordance with those obtained from field trialsof paddy.AbstrakLogam berat merupakan jenis polutan yangterdistribusi secara luas di dalam tanah danmendapat perhatian secara khusus karena sifatnyayang tidak dapat terdegradasi serta dapat bertahanlama di dalam lingkungan. Limbah padatdan/atau cair yang dihasilkan dari berbagai prosesindustri dan pertambangan mengandung logamberat toksik. Jenis bakteri yang resisten terhadaplogam berat mungkin berada di dalam tanah dandi lokasi tambang. Apabila bakteri tersebut dapatberadaptasi pada lingkungan dengan tingkatkontaminasi logam berat yang tinggi, makadiasumsikan bahwa penggunaan bakteri tersebutsangat efektif dalam meningkatkan reduksi logamberat. Untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri yangmemiliki kemampuan mereduksi merkuri (Hg),maka satu rangkaian kegiatan isolasi telahdilakukan di lokasi tambang terpilih di SumateraSelatan. Bakteri potensial pereduksi merkuri yangtelah diisolasi dari lokasi ini diidentifikasisebagai Pseudomonas fluorescens strain KTSS.Inokulasi sebanyak 25% (v/b) suspensi P. fluore-scens strain KTSS ke dalam bahan tanah yangtelah ditambah dengan 5000 ppb merkuri, dapatmereduksi sekitar 53,3% kandungan merkuri didalam tanah. Pertumbuhan terbaik dari bibitkakao diperoleh dari perlakuan pupuk NPK 15-15-15 yang dikombinasikan dengan 1,6 – 3,25 gbioamelioran P. Fluorescens strain KTSS/bibit.Pengujian bioamelioran P. fluorescens strainKTSS di lapang pada tanaman padi memberikanpola keefektifan yang sama dengan hasilpengujian terhadap bibit kakao yang dilakukan dirumah kaca.
Pengaruh bahan pra-sterilan, tutup tabung kultur, dan musim terhadap tingkat kontaminasi eksplan pada kultur microcutting karet Effect of pre-sterilization agent, culture tube closure, and season on the contamination level of rubber microcutting culture . NURHAIMI-HARIS; . SUMARYONO; M.P. CARRON CARRON
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (99.78 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.96

Abstract

AbstractMicrobial contamination is a major obstaclein clonal propagation of hevea (Heveabrasiliensis) through microcutting technology;therefore the ability to reduce contamination willdetermine the success of the application of thistechnology. The aim of experiments was toincrease healthy and survived plantlets by testingpre-sterilization agents for cleaning explantsduring pre-sterilization step, culture tubeclosures suitable for explants growth and anappropriate time for introducing explants at theprimary culture phase. The pre-sterilizationagents tested were aganol, alcohol anddesogerme, the culture tube closures used wereparafilm and cotton, and the time for culturingexplants were determined by using rubbergenotypes introduced during the year of 2006 and2007. The results show that desogermedecreased significantly the level of explantcontamination compared to aganol and alcohol,meanwhile the type of culture tube closure didnot affect the level of explant contamination. Thetype of culture tube closure influencedsignificantly the survival of explants where thenumber of survived explants in culture tubescovered with cotton was higher than that of withparafilm. Season also affected the contaminationfrequency of the explants. Higher number ofhealthy plantlets were obtained whenintroduction of the explants were conducted fromJune to October considered as dry season inBogor compared to introduction of the explantsduring rainy season from January to May.Different genotypes of rubber introduced at theprimary culture phase did not affect thepercentage of explant contamination.AbstrakKontaminasi oleh mikroba merupakanmasalah utama pada perbanyakan klonal tanamankaret (Hevea brasiliensis) melalui teknologimicrocutting sehingga kemampuan mengurangikontaminasi menentukan keberhasilan aplikasiteknologi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuanmempelajari pengaruh jenis bahan pra-sterilanyang efektif untuk pencucian eksplan tahap pra-sterilisasi, mempelajari pengaruh tutup tabungterhadap perkembangan eksplan serta meng-identifikasi waktu yang tepat untuk melaksanakanintroduksi eksplan pada tahap kultur primer(kultur awal) sehingga jumlah eksplan sehat dantumbuh dapat ditingkatkan. Bahan pra- sterilanyang diuji adalah aganol, alkohol dan desogerme,tutup tabung yang digunakan adalah parafilm dankapas, sedangkan identifikasi waktu kulturdilakukan melalui introduksi eksplan sepanjang tahun 2006 dan 2007 terhadap berbagai genotipetanaman karet yang tersedia. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa desogerme menurunkansecara nyata tingkat kontaminasi eksplandibandingkan dengan aganol dan alkohol,sedangkan jenis tutup tabung tidak berpengaruhterhadap persentase kontaminasi. Jenis tutuptabung berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadappersentase eksplan yang hidup dan membentuktunas, di mana persentase eksplan membentuktunas pada tabung dengan tutup kapas lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan tutup parafilm. Musim jugasangat mempengaruhi tingkat kontaminasieksplan. Eksplan sehat jauh lebih banyakdiperoleh apabila penanaman eksplan dilakukanpada bulan Juni sampai Oktober, yang merupakanmusim kemarau di Bogor dibandingkan denganintroduksi eksplan pada bulan Januari sampaiMei, yang merupakan musim hujan. Jenisgenotipe yang ditanam pada tahap kultur primertidak berpengaruh terhadap persentasekontaminasi.
Kloning gen LEAFY kakao dari jaringan bantalan bunga aktif Cloning of cacao LEAFY gene from the active flower cushions Tetty CHAIDAMSARI; Rita HAYATI; Auzar SYARIEF; Aswaldi ANWAR; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (215.668 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.179

Abstract

SummaryAttempts to improve productivity of cacaoplantations lead us to study the molecularmechanism of flowering. In the model speciesArabidopsis thaliana as well as some otherspecies, LEAFY is a central regulatory gene forthe transition of shoot apical meristems toflowering meristems. Different from that ofArabidopsis, cacao inflorescence is acauliflorous type, by which flowers can developrepeatedly from the same flower cushion on thetrunk. In this research, a LEAFY homolog wasisolated from active flower cushion with RT-PCRusing a pair of DNA primer specifically designedto isolate its complete cds. Gel electrophoresisexamination indicated the presence of a 1.2 kbamplicon. Purified from the gel, this DNAfragment was cloned into competent cells ofE. coli XL1 Blue using pGEM-T Easy cloningvector at an orientation according to the T7promoter of the plasmid. Sequence analysis usingBLASTX, showed that the amplicon was LEAFY(LFY) homolog. Alignment analysis using ClustalW indicated that the cTcLFY highly homologousto those from other perennial crops such ascitrus, grape, apple and poplar. The highesthomology (conserved region) was found in the Cterminal of the encoded proteins.RingkasanUsaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitasperkebunan kakao telah mendorong penelitianmolekuler tentang mekanisme pembungaankakao. Pada tanaman model Arabidopsis thalianadan lainnya, LEAFY merupakan gen kunci dalamtransisi meristem tunas jadi meristem bunga.Berbeda dengan sistem pada Arabidopsis,pembungaan kakao termasuk tipe cauliflorous,bunga dapat muncul dari bantalan bunga yangsama sepanjang tahun. Dalam penelitian inihomolog LFY diisolasi dari bantalan bunga aktifmenggunakan RT-PCR dengan sepasang primerspesifik yang dirancang berdasarkan sekuenDNA di kedua ujung gen tersebut. Pemeriksaangel elektroforesis menunjukkan adanya amplikontunggal berukuran 1,2 kb. Setelah dimurnikandari gel, amplikon dapat diklon ke dalam selkompeten E. coli galur XL1 Blue menggunakanvektor pGEM-T Easy dengan orientasi yangsesuai dengan promoter T7 dari vektor. AnalisisBLASTX sekuen DNA membuktikan bahwaamplikon tersebut adalah homolog dari genLEAFY. Analisis penjajaran dengan mengguna-kan ClustalW menunjukkan bahwa gen cTcLFYtersebut memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengangen sejenis dari tanaman keras lainnya sepertitanaman jeruk, anggur, apel dan poplar.Homologi tertinggi (daerah terkonservasi)terdapat pada ujung (terminal) C dari proteinyang disandinya.
Pengaruh interval dan lama perendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan pendewasaan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Effect of immersion interval and duration on the growth and maturation of somatic embryos of sago palm ( Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Imron RIYADI; . SUMARYON
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (218.119 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.97

Abstract

AbstractLiquid culture via temporary immersionsystem (TIS) has a potency for enhancingmaturity and uniformity of plant somatic embryos(SE). An experiment was conducted to determinethe effect of medium immersion interval andduration on the growth and maturation of sagoSE in TIS. A clump of SE at globular stagederived from sucker’s tip meristem culture wasused as material source. The SE were cultured ona modified Murashige and Skoog medium addedwith 0.01 mg/L ABA, 1.0 mg/L kinetin and0.1 mg/L GA 3 . The treatments used were TISwith immersion interval of 3, 6 and 12 hourswith duration of 1 and 3 minutes. Solid mediumwas used as a control. The results show that TISwith immersion interval 12 hours for threeminutes produced the highest SE biomass(14.6 g/flask) which had increased by 9.8-foldwithin six weeks. The longer of immersioninterval (less frequent) and the longer ofimmersion duration (three minutes) increasedsignificantly biomass fresh weight of of sago SE.SE biomass of sago on solid medium wassignificantly lower than those of in liquid mediaof TIS. The highest number of advanced stageembryos (torpedo, cotyledonary and earlygerminant) of 643 or 48.2% from the totalnumber of SE was achieved in TIS with 12 hoursinterval for three minutes. During the maturationof sago SE, the color of embryos has changedfrom mostly yellowish to greenish and reddish.AbstrakKultur cair dengan sistem perendaman sesaat(SPS) berpotensi untuk meningkatkanpendewasaan dan keseragaman embrio somatik(ES) tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan pengaruh interval dan lamaperendaman terhadap proses pendewasaan ESsagu dalam SPS. Bahan yang digunakan berupaES fase globuler asal kultur pucuk tunas anakansagu. ES sagu dikulturkan dalam mediumMurashige dan Skoog yang dimodifikasiditambah ABA 0,01 mg/L; kinetin 1 mg/L danGA 3 0,1 mg/L. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalahkultur SPS dengan interval perendaman 3, 6 dan12 jam dengan lama perendaman 1 dan 3 menitserta kultur padat sebagai pembanding. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SPSdengan interval perendaman 12 jam selama tigamenit menghasilkan bobot biomassa ES tertinggiyaitu 14,6 g/bejana yang meningkat 9,8 kalidalam waktu enam minggu. Interval peren-daman lebih lama (lebih jarang) dan lama peren-daman lebih panjang (tiga menit) meningkatkansecara nyata bobot segar biomassa ES sagu.Biomassa ES sagu pada medium padat secaranyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kulturkotiledon dan kecambah dini) tertinggi yaitu 643atau 48,2% dari jumlah total ES diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS interval 12 jam dengan lama tigamenit. Seiring dengan pendewasaan ES sagu, terjadi perubahan warna dari sebagian besar kuning menjadi hijau dan merah.

Page 1 of 1 | Total Record : 5

 1 

Filter by Year

2009 2009


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 93 No. 1 (2025): 93(1), 2025 Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024 Vol. 92 No. 1 (2024): 92(1), 2024 Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023 Vol. 91 No. 1 (2023): 91 (1), 2023 Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022 Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022 Vol 90, No 2 (2022): Oktober, 2022 Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): Oktober, 2022 Vol 90, No 1 (2022): April, 2022 Vol. 89 No. 2 (2021): 89 (2), 2021 Vol. 89 No. 1 (2021): 89 (1), 2021 Vol 89, No 2 (2021): Oktober, 2021 Vol 89, No 1 (2021): April, 2021 Vol. 88 No. 2 (2020): 88 (2), 2020 Vol. 88 No. 1 (2020): 88 (1), 2020 Vol 88, No 2 (2020): Oktober,2020 Vol 88, No 1 (2020): April, 2020 Vol. 87 No. 2 (2019): 87 (2), 2019 Vol. 87 No. 1 (2019): 87 (1), 2019 Vol 87, No 2 (2019): OKTOBER, 2019 Vol 87, No 1 (2019): April, 2019 Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018 Vol. 86 No. 1 (2018): 86 (1), 2018 Vol 86, No 2 (2018): Oktober 2018 Vol 86, No 1 (2018): April, 2018 Vol. 85 No. 2 (2017): 85 (2), 2017 Vol. 85 No. 1 (2017): 85 (1), 2017 Vol 85, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 Vol 85, No 1 (2017): April, 2017 Vol. 84 No. 2 (2016): 84 (2), 2016 Vol. 84 No. 1 (2016): 84 (1), 2016 Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016 Vol 84, No 1: Oktober 2016 Vol. 83 No. 2: 83 (2), 2015 Vol. 83 No. 1: 83 (1), 2015 Vol 83, No 2: Desember 2015 Vol 83, No 1: Juni 2015 Vol. 82 No. 2: 82 (2), 2014 Vol. 82 No. 1: 82 (1), 2014 Vol 82, No 2: Desember 2014 Vol 82, No 1: Juni 2014 Vol. 81 No. 2: 81 (2), 2013 Vol. 81 No. 1: 81 (1), 2013 Vol 81, No 2: Desember 2013 Vol 81, No 1: Juni 2013 Vol. 80 No. 2: 80 (2), 2012 Vol. 80 No. 1: 80 (1), 2012 Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012 Vol 80, No 1: Juni 2012 Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011 Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011 Vol 79, No 2: Desember 2011 Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011 Vol. 78 No. 2: 78 (2), 2010 Vol. 78 No. 1: 78 (1), 2010 Vol 78, No 2: Desember 2010 Vol 78, No 1: Juni 2010 Vol. 77 No. 2: 77 (2), 2009 Vol. 77 No. 1: 77 (1), 2009 Vol 77, No 2: Desember 2009 Vol 77, No 1: Juni 2009 Vol. 76 No. 2: 76 (2), 2008 Vol. 76 No. 1: 76 (1), 2008 Vol 76, No 2: Desember 2008 Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008 Vol. 75 No. 2: 75 (2), 2007 Vol. 75 No. 1: 75 (1), 2007 Vol 75, No 2: Desember 2007 Vol 75, No 1: Juni 2007 Vol. 74 No. 2: 74 (2), 2006 Vol. 74 No. 1: 74 (1), 2006 Vol 74, No 2: Desember 2006 Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006 Vol. 73 No. 2: 73 (2), 2005 Vol. 73 No. 1: 73 (1), 2005 Vol 73, No 2: Desember 2005 Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005 Vol. 72 No. 2: 72 (2), 2004 Vol. 72 No. 1: 72 (1), 2004 Vol 72, No 2: Desember 2004 Vol 72, No 1: Juni 2004 Vol. 71 No. 2: 71 (2), 2003 Vol. 71 No. 1: 71 (1), 2003 Vol 71, No 2: Desember 2003 Vol 71, No 1: Juni 2003 Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002 Vol. 70 No. 1: 70 (1), 2002 Vol 70, No 2: Desember 2002 Vol 70, No 1: Juni 2002 Vol. 69 No. 2: 69 (2), 2001 Vol. 69 No. 1: 69 (1), 2001 Vol 69, No 2: Desember 2001 Vol 69, No 1: Juni 2001 Vol. 68 No. 2: 68 (2), 2000 Vol. 68 No. 1: 68(1), 2000 Vol 68, No 2: Desember 2000 Vol 68, No 1: Juni 2000 More Issue