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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012" : 5 Documents clear
The potential use of bio-activated potassium-bearing mineral from East Java for K fertilizer Potensi mineral pembawa kalium asal Jawa Timur yang dibio-aktivasi sebagai pupuk K Laksmita Prima SANTI; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (218.584 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.33

Abstract

AbstractPotassium (K) is an essential macro-nutrient for crops to support their development, especially in the early stage of growth. Potassium is found in soils and K-bearing minerals but mainly in an unavailable form. The development of an efficient technique in improvement of K solubilization of K-bearing minerals was very strategic to reduce imported conventional K fertilizers, mainly muriate of potash (MOP). The so-called Bio-Kalium (Bio-K) product was constructed by using locally available K-bearing mineral from East Java. The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency and rational dosage of bio-activation K-bearing mineral in comparison with K conventional fertilizer on the growth of cocoa and oil palm seedlings in greenhouse experiment. The strong technical alkaline solution was used to activate K-bearing mineral. The results showed that the application of 4.2 g/cocoa seedling or 6.4 g/oil palm seedling of bio-activated K bearing mineral containing 108 cfu/gram of Burkholderia vietnamiensis Zeo3 strain (Bio-K)  significantly increased of height, leaf number, and stem diameter of the four and six-month-old cocoa and oil palm seedlings respectively.Abstrak Kalium (K) merupakan unsur hara makro esensial yang diperlukan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman khususnya pada tahap awal perkembangannya. Kalium terdapat di dalam tanah dan mineral pembawa K, tetapi pada umumnya dalam bentuk yang tidak tersedia. Teknik pengembangan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan K dari mineral pembawa K yang efisien sangat strategis untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap pupuk K import, khususnya muriate of potash (MOP). Pupuk Bio-Kalium (Bio-K) dikembangkan dengan menggunakan mineral pembawa K lokal yang terdapat di Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menetapkan efisiensi dan dosis rasional dari mineral pembawa K yang di aktivasi dan diperkaya dengan bakteri (bio-aktivasi) dibandingkan dengan pupuk K konvensional terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao dan kelapa sawit di rumah kaca. Larutan  basa kuat teknis digunakan untuk meng-aktivasi mineral pembawa K. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mineral pembawa K yang diaktivasi dan mengandung 108 cfu/g Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain Zeo3 (Bio-K) sebanyak 4,2 g/bibit kakao atau 6,4 g/bibit kelapa sawit dapat meningkatkan masing-masing tinggi, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang bibit kakao umur empat bulan dan kelapa sawit umur enam bulan secara signifikan.
Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, dan Staphylococcus aureus Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Asmini BUDIANI; Darmono TANIWIRYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (118.287 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.39

Abstract

AbstractCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), one of the most important export commodities from Indonesia, is widely planted with current total area of 1.6 million Ha, producing 500.000 metric tons of dry bean  in 2011 . At the time of harvest, instead of seed approximately the same volume cacao husk is produced. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of cocoa husk extract as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cocoa husk extract to the three test bacteria. Extraction of cocoa husk conducted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Analysis of antibacterial activity was done by paper disc diffusion method. Completely Randomized Design of single factor presentage that is extract concentration of 0; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; and 64% (g/mL) with three replicans were applied.The results showed that the extract of cocoa pod husk has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli with the MIC are 8% (g/ mL), 16% (g/ mL), and 32% (g/ mL) respectively.AbstrakKakao (Theobroma cacao L.), salah satu komoditi ekspor terpenting Indonesia, ditanam secara luas dengan total luasan 1,6 juta Ha, menghasilkan 500.000 ton biji kering pada tahun 2011. Di samping biji sebagai hasil utama, pada saat panen juga dihasilkan kulit buah dengan volume yang hampir sama dengan biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi ekstrak kulit buah kakao sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, dan Staphylococcus aureusserta menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak kulit buah kakao terhadap ketiga bakteri uji. Ekstraksi kulit buah kakao dilakukan dengan metode Maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Analisis aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram  kertas. Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  Rancangan Acak  Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal  konsen-trasi ekstrak, yaitu 0; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; dan 64% (g/mL), masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah kakao berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. aureus, B. subtilis dan  E. coli, dengan KHM berturut-turut adalah 8% (g/mL), 16% (g/mL), dan 32% (g/mL).
Aktivitas ligninolitik Omphalina sp. hasil isolasi dari TKKS dan aplikasinya untuk dekolorisasi limbah kosmetik Ligninolytic activity of Omphalina sp. isolated from EFB and its application for decolorization of cosmetic waste . SUHARYANTO; Irma KRESNAWATY; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (148.873 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.34

Abstract

Abstract White-rot fungi (WRF) are belong to Basidiomycetes group that capable to degrade lignin, because they produce extracelullar ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxsidase (Li-P), mangan peroxidase (Mn-P) and laccase. The ligninolytic activity can be used in bioprocess oxidation system such as biopulping, biobleaching and bioremediation.  The purposes of this research were to determine the optimum conditions of growth and ligni-nolytic activity of  Omphalina and to observe its potential to decolorize cosmetics wastewater.  Omphalina sp. was grown on media of PDA-Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and PDA-Guaiacol (GU) at various pH and temperature conditions. The decolorization of cosmetic effluent was conducted by applying Omphalina sp. at various dose of inoculum.  Decolorization rate and change of COD were observed for eight days. The  results  showed that Ompha-lina sp. could grow and produce peroxidase enzyme both on RBBR and GU media at pH 4.5-8.5  and temperature 23-350C. Optimum dose of inoculum was as much as 5%  w/v at which the fungus was able to  decolorize cosmetic factory effluent up to 92.79% and to decrease COD value up to  48.57 % after eight days of incubation.Abstrak Jamur pelapuk putih (JPP) merupakan jamur kelompok Basidiomycetes yang mampu mendegradasi lignin karena memproduksi enzim-enzim ligninolitik ekstraseluler seperti lignin peroksidase (Li-P), mangan peroksidase (Mn-P) dan lakase.  Kemampuan ligninolitik JPP dapat dimanfaatkan dalam sistem oksidasi bioproses seperti biopulping, biobleaching dan bioremediasi. Pene-litian bertujuan menetapkan kondisi optimum pertumbuhan Omphalina sp. dan aktivitas ligninolitik yang dihasilkan-nya serta mempelajari potensinya dalam mendekolorisasi limbah cair kosmetik. Omphalina sp. ditumbuhkan dalam media PDA-Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dan PDA-Guaiakol (GU)  pada  berbagai variasi pH dan suhu. Percobaan dekolorisasi limbah cair kosmetik dilakukan dengan aplikasi inokulum dalam berbagai dosis. Laju dekolorisasi dan perubahan COD diamati selama delapan hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Omphalina sp. tumbuh dan menghasilkan enzim peroksidase, baik pada  media RBBR maupun GU pada pH 4,5-8,5 dan suhu 25-350C. Dosis optimum aplikasi Omphalina sp. adalah 5% (b/v) yang mampu mendekolorisasi limbah cair pabrik kosmetik hingga 92,79%  dan menurunkan COD 48,57% setelah delapan hari.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting for detection of antigenic proteins from natural rubber latex Gel elektroforesis 2-dimensi dan imunobloting untuk deteksi protein antigen dari lateks karet alam . Siswanto
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (338.717 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.36

Abstract

AbstrakLateks karet alam banyak digunakan untuk produksi peralatan medis, industri dan rumah tangga. Reaksi alergi yang disebabkan oleh protein asal lateks telah banyak dilaporkan terutama berkaitan dengan penggunaan sarung tangan asal karet alam. Namun tidak semua jenis protein dari karet alam bisamenyebabkan alergi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi jenis protein antigenik yang berasal dari karet alam menggunakan teknik imunobloting. Protein diekstrak dari tiga fraksi sentrifugasi lateks (serum B sebagai fraksi dasar, serum C atau serum sitosolik sebagai fase tengah dan partikel karet sebagai fase atas) dan tujuh jenis sarung tangan komersial, kemudian dipisahkan berdasarkan berat molekulnya melalui Gel elektroforesis 1-D (SDS PAGE) dan 2-D. Selanjutnya untuk deteksi protein antigenik secara immuno-chemiluminescense dilakukan imunobloting menggunakan IgG antibodi poliklonal anti protein lateks dari kelinci putih New Zealand dan diwarnai dengan Sypro Ruby protein blot fluorescence. Hasil imunobloting menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua protein serum C dan serum B bersifat antigenik. Terdapat lebih dari 14 spot protein antigenik yang terdeteksi dari serum C pada posisi pI antara pH 4,2 s/d pH 6,8, serta lebih dari 16 spot protein antigenik yang terdeteksi pada serum B dengan pI antara pH 5,5 s/d pH 7,0. Protein yang bersifat antigenik dalam serum C a.l: dengan BM 43 kDa diduga Hev b 7,01, BM 22 kDa adalah Hev b 3 dan BM 15 kDa adalah Hev b 8. Sedangkan protein antigenik dalam serum B dengan BM 42 kDa diduga adalah Hev b 10, dan BM 39 kDa adalah Hev b 2. Protein yang bersifat antigenik pada sarung tangan yang terdeteksi dengan IgG kelinci anti serum-C antara lain Hev b 5 dengan BM 14 kDa, Hev b 1 (BM 10 kDa), Hev b 6.03 (BM 18 dan 19 kDa), dan Hev b9 (BM 55 kDa). Sedangkan yang terdeteksi dengan antibodi IgG anti serum B antara lain Hev b 6.02 dengan BM 7 kDa, serta Hev b 10 (BM 46 kDa) dan Hev b9 (BM 55 kDa). AbstractNatural rubber latex is widely used for the production of medical, industrial and household devices. Allergic reactions caused by latex proteins have been reported primarily related with the use of natural rubber gloves. However, not all types of proteins from natural rubber can cause allergies. This study was conducted to detect the type of antigenic proteins derived from natural rubber with immunobloting techniques. Proteins were extracted from three fractions of latex centrifugation (Bserum as bottom fractions, C-serum or cytosolic serum asmiddle phase and rubber particles as upper phase) and seven types of commercial gloves, then separated by molecular weight through 1-D gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and 2-D. Detection of antigenic protein byimmuno-chemiluminescense, was performed by immunoblotting using polyclonal antibody IgG anti-protein latex from New Zealand white rabbits and stained withSypro Ruby protein blot fluorescence. Immunobloting results indicate that not all proteins from C-serum and Bserum were antigenic. More than 14 antigenic protein spots were detected in the samples of C-serum at pI between pH 4.2 to pH 6.8, and more than 16 antigenic protein spots were detected in the samples of B-serum at pI between pH 5.5 to pH 7.0. Antigenic proteins detected in C-serum were MW 43 kDa suspected as Hev b 7:01, MW 22 kDa was Hev b 3 and MW 15 kDa was Hev b 8. While the antigenic protein detected in B-serumwith MW 42 kDa was suspected as Hev b 10, and protein with MW 39 kDa was Hev b 2. Antigenic proteins detected on the rubber gloves with rabbit IgG anti-Cserum were Hev b 5 with MW 14 kDa, Hev b 1 (MW 10 kDa), Hev b 6:03 (MW 18 and 19 kDa), and Hev b9 (MW 55 kDa). Whereas antigenic protein of rubbergloves detected with IgG anti-B serum were Hev b 6:02 with MW 7 kDa, and Hev b 10 (46 kDa) and Hev b9 (MW 55 kDa).
Isolasi dan mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E dari crude palm oil sebagai sumber antioksidan bahan pangan Isolation and microencapsulation of vitamin E from crude palm oil as source of food antioxidant Irma KRESNAWATY; Asmini BUDIANI; . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 80, No 2: Desember 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (268.43 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.38

Abstract

AbstractIn order to increase  value added  and  to support downstream industry of  palm oil, minor components of the oil such as β-carotene and vitamin E should be utilized. Vitamin E is a high value  vitamin  that could be used as material for pharmaceutical and  neutraceutical products. Technological constraints encountered in the utilization of  vitamin E from CPO are lack of optimal extraction and purification method as well as the way to stabilize of the product. The research was conducted to find optimal extraction and purification method of vitamin E from CPO and microencapsulation method of vitamin E as pharmaceutical and neutraceutical product. The research showed that vitamin E could be recovered  from CPO by several steps process including saponification using NaOH, separation of unsaponificated  solution,  followed by dissolution using 2-propanol in hexane and extraction  using methanol. Raw extract of vitamin E was then purified by coloumn chromatography with stationary phase of silica gel and mobile phase (eluent) of petroleum benzene/ diethyl ether/acetic acid 70 : 30 : 0,2. Purified vitamin E could be collected as fraction 4-8. Vitamin E obtained  had  similar antioxidant activity as in pure vitamin E (Sigma) and vitamin C. Microencapsulation method could be conducted using arabic gum as coating material followed by spray drying and resulted IC50-DPPH value 132.55  ppm which considered middle activity category.AbstrakUntuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan mengem-bangkan industri hilir minyak kelapa sawit (CPO), komponen minor minyak tersebut seperti vitamin E dan β-karoten perlu dimanfaatkan. Vitamin E merupakan produk bernilai ekonomis tinggi sebagai bahan farmaseutikal dan neutrasetikal. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan vitamin E dari CPO, yaitu belum tersedianya teknik ekstraksi dan purifikasi yang optimal dan cara memper-tahankan stabilitas vitamin E. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh teknik ekstraksi dan purifikasi vitamin E dari CPO dan teknik mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E sebagai bahan farmaseutikal dan neutrasetikal.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vitamin E dapat diproduksi dengan beberapa tahapan yakni saponifikasi dengan NaOH, pemisahan lapisan pekat tak tersabunkan, pelarutan dengan2-propanol dalam heksana, ekstraksi dengan metanol dan pelarutan ekstrak dengan 2-propanol dalam heksana. Ekstrak kasar vitamin E dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom dengan fasa diam silika gel dan fasa gerak petroleum benzen/dietil eter/asam asetat = 70 : 30 : 0,2. Vitamin E dapat dimurnikan pada fraksi ke-4 sampai dengan ke-8. Aktivitas antioksidan vitamin E hasil ekstraksi tersebut setara dengan vitamin E murni (Sigma). Teknik mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E hasil ekstraksi dari CPO dapat dilakukan dengan penyalut gum arab dan pengeringan dengan spray dryer  yang menghasilkan anti-oksidan dengan aktivitas IC50 DPPH = 132,55 ppm yang termasuk kategori beraktivitas sedang.

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