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ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016" : 6 Documents clear
Modifikasi sistem kultur in vitro untuk meningkatkan vigor planlet stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) [Modification of in vitro culture system to increase the vigor of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) plantlets] Rizka Tamania SAPTARI; . SUMARYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (277.96 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.211

Abstract

 Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.), a sweetener plant, has been mass propagated by tissue culture technique. Optimal conditions to increase vigor of stevia plantlets are needed to support the sustainability of in vitro plantlet stocks and increase plantlet survival rate during acclimatization. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different media, culture vessel sizes, and vessel closure types on the vigor of stevia plantlets. The plant material was derived from apical shoot cuttings of sterile stevia plantlets grown on WP medium without growth regulator. Several treatments used in this study were solid or double layer media; short or tall culture vessel; and polypropile screw cap or plastic film closures.  Growth of plantlets was determined after 3 weeks of culture. Temperature and light intensity inside the vessels were also observed. The results showed that the best treatment to increase the vigor of stevia plantlets was a double-layer medium in a tall culture vessel (diameter 7 cm and height 11 cm) with either screw cap or plastic film. It was exhibited by significantly bigger stem diameter, more and bigger leaves, longer roots, and higher biomass fresh weight than those of other treatments. Higher temperature was observed on tall culture vessel, whereas all treatments did not significantly affect light intensity inside the vessels.[Keywords: stevia, plantlet vigor, double-layer medium, culture vessel size, vessel closure]AbstrakStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.), tanaman pemanis, telah diperbanyak melalui teknologi kultur jaringan. Kondisi kultur optimal untuk meningkatkan vigor planlet stevia masih diperlukan untuk mendukung keberlanjutan tanaman stock in vitro dan untuk meningkatkan daya hidup planlet ketika diaklimatisasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penggunaan jenis media, ukuran botol kultur, dan jenis penutup botol yang berbeda terhadap vigor planlet stevia. Material tanaman yang digunakan didapat dari potongan tunas apikal plantlet stevia steril yang ditumbuhkan pada media WP tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh. Perlakuan jenis media terdiri atas media padat dan media dua-lapis (double-layer), ukuran botol pendek dan tinggi, serta jenis tutup ulir berbahan polipropilen dan lembaran plastik transparan. Pengamatan pertumbuhan planlet dilakukan setelah 3 minggu, juga dilakukan pengamatan terhadap suhu dan intensitas cahaya di dalam botol kultur. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik untuk meningkatkan vigor planlet stevia adalah dengan menggunakan media dua-lapis dalam botol kultur (diameter 7 cm, dan tinggi 11 cm), baik dengan tutup ulir maupun plastik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari diameter batang lebih besar, daun lebih banyak dan besar, akar lebih panjang, serta bobot segar biomassa lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Suhu lebih tinggi terukur pada perlakuan botol tinggi, sedangkan semua perlakuan tidak mempengaruhi secara nyata intensitas cahaya di dalam botol kultur.[Kata kunci: stevia, vigor, media dua-lapis, ukuran botol kultur, tutup botol]
Kultur in vitro pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Kepok Merah untuk mikropropagasi cepat [In vitro culture of banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Kepok Merah for rapid micropropagation] Efah FITRAMALA; Eva KHAERUNNISA; Nina Ratna Djuita Ratna DJUITA; Hadi SUNARSO; Diah RATNADEWI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (629.72 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.221

Abstract

 Banana (Musa paradisiaca L) cv. Kepok Merah has a high commercial value as it is used in food industries such as banana chip. Besides, Kepok Merah contains high B-complex vitamins that serve in energy metabolism and  in the development of infant brain. The establishment of industrial plantations of this plant has been restricted by the lack of planting materials. This research aimed at ameliorating the capacity of plantlets multiplication up to rooting of this banana in a rapid way through in vitro multiplication techniques. Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant (WP) media were used as the basic media. For the initiation stage, the media was fortified with 0.2 mg/L IAA and two levels of BA at 3 and 5 mg/L.  For shoot multiplication, the concentrations of IAA as well as BA were increased. For rooting, 1 mg/L NAA or IBA was applied. The observations demonstrated that for shoots initiation, both basic media performed good results when enriched with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 5 mg/L BA. The highest rate of shoots multiplication at 6 – 17 shoots per explant, was obtained on MS medium added with 0.5 mg/L IAA and 5 mg/L BA.  NAA at 1 mg/L in MS medium produced more rooted plantlets, 3 – 16 roots per plantlet, than those of other treatments. [Keywords: Musa paradisiaca cv. Kepok Merah, in vitro micropropagation, scalps.]AbstrakPisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) kultivar Kepok Merah memiliki nilai komersial yang cukup tinggi yaitu sebagai bahan dalam industri pembuatan keripik pisang. Selain itu, pisang Kepok Merah memiliki kandungan vitamin B kompleks cukup tinggi untuk membantu produksi energi dan pembentukan sel-sel otak pada bayi. Pertanaman pisang ini dalam skala industri terkendala oleh kurangnya ketersediaan sumber benih. Teknik kultur jaringan diharapkan dapat menghasilkan benih secara massal dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan keberhasilan multiplikasi tunas in vitro hingga pengakaran tanaman pisang Kepok Merah secara cepat. Pada tahap inisiasi tunas digunakan media dasar Murashige and Skoog (MS) dan Woody Plant (WP), ke dalam media dasar tersebut ditambahkan IAA 0,2 mg/L dan 2 taraf BA yaitu 3 dan 5 mg/L. Multiplikasi tunas dilakukan pada media dasar yang sama namun dengan taraf konsentrasi IAA serta BA yang ditingkatkan. Tahap perakaran menggunakan media dasar MS dan WP dengan auksin NAA 1 mg/L atau IBA 1 mg/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk inisiasi tunas, media MS dan WP yang diperkaya dengan IAA 0,2 mg/L dan BA 5 mg/L   sama baiknya. Untuk  multiplikasi  tunas,   media  MS dengan IAA 0,5 mg/L   yang dikombinasikan dengan BA 5 mg/L   memberikan jumlah tunas paling banyak, yaitu 6 – 17 tunas per eksplan, dan pertumbuhannyapun lebih baik. Pemberian  NAA 1 mg/L pada media MS dapat memberikan lebih banyak tunas yang berakar, dengan jumlah akar 3 – 16 per planlet.  [Kata kunci: Musa paradisiaca cv. Kepok Merah, mikropropagasi in vitro, nodul meristematik.]
Purification, characterization, and bioassay of putative protease inhibitors from Hevea brasiliensis latex Riza Arief PUTRANTO; . SISWANTO; Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Asmini BUDIANI; Radite TISTAMA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1452.514 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.220

Abstract

Lateks yang menyerupai cairan susu putih diperoleh dari penyadapan kulit batang tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis). Lateks merupakan sitoplasma dari jaringan pembuluh bernama latisifer yang didalamnya terkandung berbagai macam komponen, termasuk protein-protein penting. Berbagai jenis enzim yang memiliki fungsi terkait pertahanan tanaman dari serangan patogen dan pelukaan telah berhasil dideteksi di dalam lateks, di antaranya protease inhibitor (PI). Protease inhibitor memiliki aktivitas senyawa antifungi sehingga berpotensi untuk  dimanfaatkan sebagai biofungisida. Pada penelitian ini, protease  inhibitor putatif yang berasal dari serum B (lutoid) lateks tanaman karet telah berhasil diisolasi menggunakan teknik Ion Exchange Chroma-tography. Dari total 70 fraksi protein yang diekstrak dari kolom, hanya 26 fraksi yang menunjukkan kadar protein yang terukur. Kandungan protease inhibitor putatif yang di-peroleh berkisar antara 0,0067 hingga 0,022 mL/g serum B dari hasil 3 fraksi terpilih. Aktivitas penghambatan terhadap empat enzim protease (subtilisin A, tripsin, α-kimotripsin, dan papain) menunjukkan karakteristik protease inhibitor putatif tersebut sebagai serine dan/atau cysteine inhibitor protease dengan persentase hambatan di atas 15% terhadap protease target. Hasil SDS-PAGE memperlihatkan pemisahan protein dominan yang diperkirakan merupakan protease inhibitor putatif dengan berat molekul sebesar 21,5 kDa. Uji bioassay aktivitas antifungi secara in vitro dari protease inhibitor memperlihatkan penghambatan pertumbuhan miselium dari fungi Ganoderma boninense, Sclerotium sp., dan Rigidosporus lignosus. [Kata kunci : protease inhibitor, Hevea brasiliensis, lateks, serum B, ion exchange chromatography]AbstractLatex, a milky white liquid, is the main product from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Latex is the cytoplasm of complex cellular networks named laticifers in which it contains many different components, including important proteins. Various types of enzymes carrying functions associated with plant defense against pathogen and wounding have been detected in latex in which one of these enzymes is protease inhibitor (PI). Plant protease inhibitor has tremendous potential as an antifungal agent which can be developed as biofungicide. In this work, protease inhibitors from B-serum (lutoid) of rubber tree latex were isolated and purified using Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) technique. Of the total 70 fractions of proteins extracted from the columns, only 26 fractions showed measurable levels of protein. The concentration of obtained putative protease inhibitors (three fractions of IEC) ranged from 0.007 to 0.022 mL/g B-serum. Inhibitory activity against four protease enzymes (subtilisin A, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain) showed the characteristics of Hevea putative protease inhibitors from B-serum as serine and/or cysteine protease inhibitors with more than 15% inhibitory activity of target protease. Based on SDS-PAGE visualization, the molecular weight of dominant protein considered as Hevea putative protease inhibitors was 21.5 kDa. In vitro bioassay test of antifungal activity for Hevea putative protease inhibitors showed reduced mycelium growth of Ganoderma boninense, Sclerotium sp., and Rigidosporus lignosus.[Keywords: protease inhibitor, Hevea brasiliensis, latex, B-serum, ion exchange chromatography]
Optimasi produksi kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) melalui aplikasi pupuk hayati dan budidaya jenuh air di lahan rawa [Optimizing productivity of soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr) through biofertilizer application and saturated soil cultivation on swamp land] Bariot HAFIF; Laksmita Prima SANTI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.074 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.224

Abstract

Tidal swampland is a marginal land that has significant potentials for the development of food crops, although its exploration will face several constraints such as low pH, high content of iron (Fe2+), low phosphorus (P), shallow pyrite (FeS2) layer, high salinity, and excess water. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofertilizer and saturated soil cultivation in improving nutrient use efficiency and productivity of soybean in the tidal swamp. The field experiment was arranged in a splits plot design with 2 x 3 x 4 treatments and 3 replications respectively. The treatment in the main plot was soybean cultivation techniques (B) consisting of farmer’s cultivation method (B1) and saturated soil cultivation (B2). The subplot treatment was soybean superior varieties consisting of Anjasmoro (V1), Argomulyo (V2) and Grobogan (V3) and the sub-subplot treatment was fertilization (P) consisting of a 100% of standard dose of NPK (P1) and the use of biofertilizer (1 kg) combined with NPK; 100% of standard dose (P2), 75% of the standard dose (P3), and 50% of the standard dosages  (P4) per hectare. The results showed that Bradyrhizobium japonicum R6 and Aeromonas punctata RJM3020 as an active ingredient of biofertilizer was effective to reduce chemical fertilizer NPK up to 50% of the standard dose commonly applied to soybean cultivation by farmers. Anjasmoro varieties treated with this biofertilizer and combined with 50% of standard dosages of NPK could produce up to 2.798 kg of dry beans/ha under saturated soil cultivation.[Keywords: soybean, biofertilizer, saturated soil cultivation, tidal swamp]Abstrak Lahan rawa pasang surut merupakan lahan marginal yang memiliki potensi cukup besar untuk pengembangan pertanian tanaman pangan, meskipun dalam pemberdayaannya berhadapan dengan beberapa kendala seperti pH tanah rendah, kandungan besi (Fe2+) tinggi, kandungan fosfor (P) rendah, lapisan pirit (FeS2) relatif dangkal, kadar salinitas tinggi, dan volume air berlebih. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah menguji kemampuan pupuk hayati dan budidaya jenuh air dalam memperbaiki efisiensi penggunaan hara dan produktivitas kedelai di lahan rawa pasang surut. Percobaan lapang menggunakan rancangan petak-petak terpisah dengan perlakuan 2 x 3 x 4 dan masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Sebagai petak utama ialah teknik budidaya kedelai (B) yang terdiri atas budidaya cara petani (B1) dan budidaya jenuh air (B2). Perlakuan pada anak petak yaitu kedelai varietas unggul baru (VUB) yang terdiri atas Anjasmoro (V1), Argomulyo (V2) dan Grobogan (V3). Sedangkan perlakuan pada anak-anak petak adalah pemupukan (P) yang terdiri atas NPK 100% dosis standar (P1), dan penggunaan 1 kg pupuk hayati yang dikombinasi dengan NPK; 100% dosis standar (P2), 75% dosis standar (P3), dan 50% dosis standar (P4) per hektar. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peng-gunaan Bradyrhizobium japonicum R6 dan Aeromonas punctata RJM3020 sebagai bahan aktif pupuk hayati dapat menghemat penggunaan pupuk kimia NPK sampai dengan 50% dari dosis standar yang biasa diaplikasikan petani untuk budidaya kedelai. Di dalam sistem budidaya jenuh air, kedelai varietas Anjasmoro yang diperlakukan dengan pupuk hayati dengan kombinasinya menggunakan pupuk NPK 50% dari dosis standar dapat menghasilkan biji kering sampai dengan 2.798 kg/ha.[Kata kunci: kedelai, pupuk hayati, budidaya  jenuh air, lahan rawa pasang surut]
Potensi fungisida organik untuk pengendalian Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit [Potency of organic fungicide to controle Ganoderma sp. of oil palm] Happy WIDIASTUTI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (419.615 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.223

Abstract

Ganoderma sp. is an important pathogen causes stem rot disease in the cultivation of oil palm. Control of Ganoderma sp. using formulas contain natural organic active ingredients being developed by Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry. Organic fungicide in two formula i.e.   liquid  and  pasta was  applied for a  period  of 3 months by drenching the uncolonized tissue of stem. Five treatments tested were drenching applications of organic fungicide  1) per week in liquid formula, 2) every 2 weeks in liquid formula, 3) every 4 weeks in liquid formula, 4) every 4 weeks in paste formula, and 5) control. Each of the treatments was treated on the 25 palm trees. The performance of the plant and Ganoderma sp. were observed for five months and subsequential incubation continued for 2 months to analyzed the levels of N, P, K and Cu in the leaves and the oil content of the palm fruits while FFB production was observed from 7 up to 13 months after application. Results of the experiments showed that the application of organic fungicide increased the growth of palm roots and especially weekly application produced the best compared with other treatments. There was a tendency of opening of leaf spear and induce oil palm to form a female flowers, increased levels of N, P, and K particularly on the treatment of applications every two weeks. The production of fruit average (PFA) and weights bunches at 5 months after application seems to rise particularly in the application of organic fungicide every week. Palm fruit oil content based either on fresh or dry weight was higher in applications of organic fungicide every 2 weeks compared with other treatments.[Keywords: Ganoderma diseases management, application times, organic pesticides, mature plants]  AbstrakGanoderma sp. jamur penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengendalian Ganoderma sp. menggunakan formula berbahan aktif organik alami sedang dikembangkan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia. Fungisida organik diberikan dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan  yang diaplikasi dengan cara terlebih dahulu mengikis batang sawit terserang hingga jaringan segar. Lima perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi fungisida organik tiap  1) minggu dalam formula cair, 2) 2 minggu dalam formula cair, 3) 4 minggu dalam formula cair, 4) 4 minggu dalam formula pasta, dan 5) kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diaplikasi pada 25 pohon kelapa sawit. Keragaan tanaman dan Ganoderma sp. diamati selama lima bulan dan selanjutnya inkubasi dilanjutkan selama 2 bulan untuk analisis kadar hara N, P, K dan Cu daun dan kadar minyak buah sawit, sedangkan produksi TBS diamati dari 7 hingga 13 bulan setelah aplikasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian fungisida organik tiap minggu menghasilkan perakaran yang paling banyak dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  Terdapat kecenderungan terjadi pembukaan daun tombak dan peningkatan jumlah pohon yang membentuk bunga betina, peningkatan kadar hara N, P, dan K khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap dua minggu. Rata rata  bobot  tandan  (RBT)  dan bobot tandan  pada 5 bulan setelah aplikasi nampak meningkat khususnya pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap minggu. Kadar minyak buah sawit baik berdasarkan  bobot basah maupun kering lebih tinggi pada perlakuan aplikasi fungisida organik tiap 2 minggu dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.  [Kata kunci: pengendalian Ganoderma, frekuensi aplikasi, fungisida organik, tanaman sawit menghasilkan]
Respons bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular dan cekaman air [Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedling response to application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and water stress] Maria Viva RINI; Usnaqul EFRIYANI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 84, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (455.988 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v84i2.225

Abstract

 The objective of this study was to determine the response of oil palm seedling to the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) subjected to water stress.  The treatment design used was a factorial design 2 x 5 arranged in completely randomized design.  The first factor was application of AMF i.e. without AMF (control) and inoculation with AMF (mixture of Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., and Gigaspora sp.).  The second factor was water stress i.e. no watering for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at the end of experiment.  Data obtained were subjected to Bartlett test to examine the treatment variance, and Tukey tests to examine additiveness of the data, and continued by analysis of variance. The results showed that application of AMF increased oil palm seedling growth through the increase in seedling height, number of leave, shoot fresh and dry weight, and percent of root infection.  Duration of water stress significantly affected oil palm seedling growth by decreasing plant height, number of leave, shot and root fresh weight, root dry weight. However, at any level of water stress, the AMF inoculated seedling had better growth compared to those control palms.[Key words: oil palm seedling, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), water stress] AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) terhadap respons pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit yang mengalami cekaman air. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial 2x5 dalam rancangan kelompok teracak sempurna (RKTS) dengan lima ulangan.  Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi FMA, yaitu kontrol (tanpa FMA) dan diberi FMA (campuran Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp.).  Faktor kedua adalah lamanya cekaman air, yaitu 0, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari tanpa disiram sebelum penelitian dihentikan.  Data yang diperoleh diuji kesamaan ragam antar perlakuannya dengan Uji Bartlett dan kemenambahan modelnya dengan Uji Tukey.  Jika asumsi terpenuhi, ragam homogen dan data bersifat menambah, maka data dianalisis ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi FMA meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit melalui peningkatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah tajuk, bobot kering tajuk, dan persen infeksi akar. Lamanya cekaman air menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit melalui penurunan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah akar primer, bobot basah tajuk, bobot basah akar, bobot kering tajuk, dan bobot kering akar, akan tetapi pada setiap  taraf cekaman air, pertumbuhan bibit yang ber-FMA lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa FMA.[Kata kunci: bibit kelapa sawit, fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA), cekaman air]

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