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INDONESIA
Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 3 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002" : 3 Documents clear
Keragaman genetik klon-klon karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) yang resisten dan rentan terhadap Corynespora casiicola berdasarkan penanda RAPD dan AFLP Genetic variation of rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) clones resistance and susceptible to Corynespora cassiicola using RAPD and AFLP markers Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; Z LALU; . SOEDARSONO; Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v70i2.127

Abstract

SummaryCorynespora leaf fall disease (CFLD) caused by the fungus Corynespora casiicola is one of the most important diseases of Hevea brasiliensis.CFLD was reported to cause serious damage on rubber productivity, and the disease has became more apparent in the recent years. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze genetic similarities among several rubber clones resistance and susceptible to CFLD based on RAPD and AFLP markers, (ii) to compare the effectiveness of RAPD and AFLP markers. DNA genomic was extracted from young leaves of RRIM600, GT1, PB260, RRIC100, BPM1 (belongs to resistance group), PPN2058, PPN2444, and PPN2447 (belongs to susceptible group). Data were analyzed with NTSYS-pc program version 2.10, and a dendogram was created by cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method on the basis of arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The results show that marker index AFLP (3.57) is higher than RAPD (1.02), it means that AFLP is more effective compared to RAPD. The average of genetic similarity AFLP (0.63) lower than RAPD (0.67) it means that AFLP is more discriminative than RAPD. Dendogram based on AFLP and RAPD were the best with at 0.65 level of genetic similarity cluster divided into two cluster A and B. Cluster A with a sub group A1 consisted of RRIC100, PPN2058 and PPN244 are belongs to resistance group), and sub group A2 consisted of (RRIM600, GT1, BPM1 and PB 260 are belongs to susceptible group), while cluster B only PPN2447 is belong to susceptible group. AFLP analysis show that one AFLP band of 110 bp resulting from PCR amplification using E-ACA/M-CAG (E-ACA/M-CAG110) primer pairs present in resistance clones, but absent in the susceptible clones. Meanwhile, application of 50 random primers decamer in RAPD analysis did not showed the specific band for either one of the group. It is concluded that AFLP marker analysis using EACA/M-CAG primer pair have a potential to differentiate resistance and the susceptible rubber clones to Corynespora. For the confirmation of the results more resistance and susceptible clones are needed for further test. RingkasanPenyakit gugur daun Corynespora (PDGC) yang disebabkan oleh patogen Corynespora asiicola, merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis). PGDC menyebabkan penurunan yang cukup serius terhadap produktivitas tanaman karet. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (i) mengidentifikasi kesamaan genetik antar beberapa klon yang tergolong tahan dan rentan dengan marka RAPD dan AFLP, dan (ii) mempelajari efektivitas kedua marka tersebut. DNA genomik diekstraksi dari daun muda klon RRIM600, GT1, PB260, BPM1, RRIC100 (tergolong resisten), PPN2058, PPN2444, dan PPN2447 (tergolong rentan ). Data dianalisis dengan NTSYS-pc program versi 2.10. Dendogram dibuat dengan analisis pengelompokan menurut metode Unweighted Pair Group berbasis Arithmetic Avarages (UPGMA). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa marka indeks AFLP (3,57) lebih tinggi daripada RAPD (1,02), sehingga AFLP lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan RAPD. Rata-rata perkiraan kesamaan genetik AFLP (0,63) sedikit lebih rendah dari RAPD (0,67) sehingga AFLP relatif lebih diskriminatif daripada RAPD. Dendogram berdasarkan integrasi AFLP dan RAPD adalah yang paling baik, dimana pada rata-rata perkiraan kesamaan genetik (0,65) terbentuk dua kelompok yaitu A dan B. Kelompok A terdiri atas sub sub kelompok A1 yang beranggotakan (RRIC100, PPN2058 dan PPN244 yang tergolong resisten), dan sub group A2 yang beranggotakan (RRIM600, GT1, BPM1 dan PB 260 yang tergolong rentan) Sedang kelompok B beranggotakan hanya PN2447 yang tergolong rentan. Analisis AFLP menghasilkan satu pita AFLP dengan menggunakan pasangan primer EACA/M-CG (E-ACA/M-CAG110 ) secara konsisten diperoleh dari klon karet yang resisten, namun tidak ditemukan pada klon yang rentan. Sementara itu, aplikasi 50 primer acak dekamer dalam analisis RAPD tidak menghasilkan pita spesifik untuk kedua kelompok yang diuji. Disimpulkan bahwa analisis AFLP menggunakan pasangan primer EACA/M-CAG berpotensi untuk membedakan klon karet yang resisten dan rentan terhadap Corynespora. Untuk mengkorfirmasi hasil yang diperoleh, perlu dilakukan pengujian terhadap klon-klon yang resisten dalam jumlah yang lebih banyak
Optimasi simbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita pada bibit kelapa sawit di tanah masam Optimizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil) Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SOEKARNO; L K DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v70i2.128

Abstract

SummaryAM fungal symbiosis increase the uptake of P in oil palm seedlings. However the optimum condition of symbiosis has to be determined to get higher benefit of AM fungal symbiosis. Optimization of the symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil was determined. An experiment was conducted in polybag sized 40 x 60 cm contained sterilized Cikopomayak soil. Three factors studied were AM fungal species (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), inoculant dose (0.0; 12.5; 25.0; and 37.5% w/w), and fertilizer rate (0; 25; 50; and 100% recommended dose) and each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that optimum growth reached on the inoculant addition of 36% (w/w) in the form of infected roots, hypha, and spores and fertilizer dose of 25% for A. tuberculata, while for G. margarita was 40% (w/w) inoculant and 26% fertilizer. Efectivity of fertilizer and P uptake of oil palm seedling were significantly increased with AM fungi inoculation. P uptake of oil palm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata increase. RingkasanSimbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat meningkatkan serapan P pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk mendapatkan keuntungan simbiosis yang tinggi perlu diketahui kondisi optimum simbiosis. Simbiosis CMA dengan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi tingkat hara dan dosis inokulum. Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag berukuran 40 x 60 cm berisi tanah Cikopomayak steril. Tiga faktor yang diuji ialah spesies CMA (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), dosis inokulum campuran (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; dan 37,5% b/b), dosis pupuk (0; 25; 50; dan 100% dosis rekomendasi) dan masing masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum dicapai pada pemberian inokulum berupa akar terinfeksi, hifa, dan spora 36% (b/b) dan pupuk 25% untuk A. tuberculata, sedangkan untuk G. margarita ialah 40% (b/b) inokulum dan pupuk 26%. Keefektifan pupuk dan serapan P meningkat secara nyata dengan inokulasi CMA
Produksi dan stabilisasi desaturase dari Absidia corymbifera Production and stabilization of desaturases from Absidia corymbifera . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; A W PAULUS; K SYAMSU; A M FAUZI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v70i2.129

Abstract

SummaryDesaturases are enzymes which catalyze desaturation process on carbon chain of fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids useful for healthy oil. Desaturases could be produced from Absidia corymbifera and applied for increasing unsaturation level and crude palm oil (CPO) quality. Desaturases have been known as very unstable enzymes. The objective this research was to determine carbon sources and culture time for optimum desaturase production, fatty acid composition resulted from desaturase bioconversion, and methods for stabilization of desaturase from A. corymbifera. Results showed that desaturases from A. corymbifera are intracellular enzymes that reached the highest activity in Serrano-Careon medium with C sources of a mixture of sucrose and paraffin (0.14 U/mL) and C sources of molasses (0.11 U/mL) incubated for 76 and 120 hours respectively. Activity of ∆6 and ∆12 desaturases have been detected in culture filtrate of A. corymbifera. Activiy of ∆12 desaturase was confirmed by increasing of linoleic acid in CPO incubated with culture filtrate and biomass extract, while activity of ∆6 was detected by its conversion as much as 66.48 % linoleic acid into gamma linolenic acid (GLA) that having high economic value. Precipitation of culture filtrate and lipid extraction of biomass were unable to stabilize desaturases. Desaturase degradation rate could be inhibited by isolation and washing of microsome fraction using high salt buffer. This method could stabilize desaturases 70-80% from initial activity at storage temperature 25o C and 50 o C for 6 hours. RingkasanDesaturase merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam proses desaturasi rantai karbon asam lemak menjadi asam lemak tak jenuh yang banyak manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Desaturase dapat dihasilkan dari Absidia corymbifera dan diamplifikasikan untuk peningkatan ketidakjenuhan dan kualitas minyak sawit mentah (CPO). Enzim desaturase dikenal sangat tidak stabil. Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan sumber karbon dan waktu kultur yang memberikan aktivitas desaturase tertinggi, komposisi asam lemak hasil konversi desaturase dan cara menstabilkan desaturase dari A. corymbifera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desaturase dari A. corymbifera merupakan enzim intraselular yang mencapai aktivitas tertinggi pada medium Serrano-Careon dengan sumber karbon campuran sukrosa dan parafin (0,14 U/mL) dan sumber karbon molases (0,11 U/mL) masingmasing pada inkubasi selama 76 dan 120 jam. Aktivitas ∆6 dan ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi pada cairan fermentasi A. corymbifera. Aktivitas ∆12 desaturase terdeteksi dari peningkatan persentase asam linoleat pada CPO yang telah diinkubasi dengan cairan fermentasi atau ekstrak biomassa, sedangkan aktivitas ∆6 desaturase terdeteksi dari dikonversinya sebesar 66,48% asam linoleat menjadi asam gamma linolenat (GLA) yang memiliki potensi nilai ekonomis lebih tinggi. Pengendapan filtrat kultur fermentasi dan ekstraksi lipida biomassa tidak mampu menstabilkan desaturase. Laju degradasi desaturase dapat dihambat dengan cara isolasi dan pencucian fraksi mikrosom dengan bufer garam. Cara tersebut dapat mempertahankan aktivitas desaturase 70–80% pada penyimpanan suhu 25o C dan 50o C selama enam jam.

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