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Nitrogen Resorption and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cacao Agroforestry Systems Managed Differently in Central Sulawesi TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; SOEKISMAN TJITROSEMITO; EDI GUHARDJA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO; IBNUL QAYIM; CHRISTOPH LEUSCHNER
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 4 (2007): December 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Cacao agroforestry is a traditional form of agriculture practiced by the people of Central Sulawesi. These agroforestry systems vary from a simple system following selective cutting of forest trees, to a more sophisticated planting design. The cacao was planted under remaining forest covers (CF1), under planted trees (CF2), and between shade trees Gliricidia sepium (CP). The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrogen use efficiency (N NUE) and nitrogen resorption in cacao agroforestry systems. The N NUE at the ecosystem scale (N NUEES) for the cacao agroforestry systems were compared with the natural forest. The results showed that CP produced the highest litterfall and cacao foliar nitrogen. CP and CF1 produced litterfall and the nitrogen resorption that not were significantly different. In contrast, CF2 produced the lowest litterfall, hence required lower nitrogen supply. The nitrogen resorption of CF2 was less than that of CF1 and CP. However, N NUE in cacao plant (N NUEC) of CF2 was higher than that of the CP. The N NUEES of either CF1 or CF2 were similar to that of the natural forest, but higher than that of the CP. Using shade trees in cacao plantations increased foliar nitrogen concentration, nitrogen resorption, N NUEC and N NUEES; thus, might be one reason for a higher productivity of cacao in unshaded systems. Key words: cacao agroforestry system, cacao foliar nitrogen, nitrogen resorption, N NUE

The Genetic Estimation of Fruit Component Parameters of Seven Coconut Populations Without a Progeny Test Dwi Asmono; Alex Hartana; Edi Guhardja; Sudirman Yahya
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 16 No. 1 (1993): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Heritability of fruit characters, such as fruit weight, husk weight, husk thickness, sheal weight, endosperm (water) weight, albumen weight, copra weight, oil content, fruit length and ftuit width. have been estimated on seven coconut populations. The results showed that most of the fruit components of Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD) and Malayan Yellow Dwarf (Mm)had relatively high heritability (>0.80), except fruit weight of MRD (0.74) and albumen weight of MYD (0.78). On the other hand, the heritability of those characters in tall populatidns varied between population. All of fruit characters on Polynesian Tall (PYT) and Seruwai Tall (SAT) had relatively high heritability (>0.80). On West African Tall (WAT), most Of the heritability of the fruit characters were relatively high (>0.80). except husk weight (0.75). endosperm weight (0.79) and oil content (0.41). Heritability of seven characters of Bali Tall (BLT) were relatively high, but those of three characters were relatively low; i.e. husk weight (0.52). fruit width (0.56) and husk thickness (0.71). Three fruit characters of Rmnell Tall (RLT) shown higher heritability. those are husk thickness (0.87), endosperm weight (0.92) and fruit length (0.90).

Sago palm (Metroxylon spp.) is a tropical plant adapted to marginal land such as fresh water swamp, peat swamp or brackish water. The objective of the researche is to identify physical and chemical habitat characteristics of sago palm in the Seram island, Maluku. The research was conducted in nine months from March to November 2009. The observation was conducted at three samples area, namely Luhu (West Seram District), Sawai (Central Maluku District), and Werinama (East Seram District). Soi Samin Botanri; Dede Setiadi; Edi Guhardja; Ibnul Qayim; Lilik B. Prasetyo
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 34 No. 1 (2011): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Sago palm (Metroxylon spp.) is a tropical plant adapted to marginal land such as fresh water swamp, peat swamp or brackish water. The objective of the researche is to identify physical and chemical habitat characteristics of sago palm in the Seram island, Maluku. The research was conducted in nine months from March to November 2009. The observation was conducted at three samples area, namely Luhu (West Seram District), Sawai (Central Maluku District), and Werinama (East Seram District). Soil and water samples were taken at samples area and analyzed at Soil Research Center Laboratory, Bogor. Result showed that sago palm at the Seram island can be found at four different habitat types, namely: 1) upland habitat/dry land, 2) temporary inundated fresh water swamp, 3) temporary inundated brackish water, and 4) permanent inundated fresh water swamp. Soil texture of these habitats characterized by clay-loam and silty-clay with average bulk density of about 1.20. The soil has acidic reaction that consists of medium soil organic and having medium cation exchange capacity (CEC). Except for Fe and Alwhich were high, the nutrient content of the soil was very low. Salinity of water was less than 1.0 ppt (part per thousand). Nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and other cation such us NH4+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were found relatively high in water. Micro climate condition under sago stands (clump of Sago) such us temperature, relative humidity, and sun radiation intensity are low with very narrow fluctuation. Micro-climate conditions were characterized by temperature ranging from 22,69oC to 23,94oC, meanwhile relative humidity ranging from 87,97 to 91,60%. In case of sun light intensity at near clump of sago palm reached of about 206,53 lux (12,40%). Keywords: habitat type, Metroxylon spp., land, micro climate, Seram Island

APLIKASI TEKNIK MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION (MAS) DALAM SELEKSI INTROGRESI GENOTIP TAHAN PATOGEN BLAS DARI Oryza rufipogon KE DALAM IR 64 Dwinita W. Utami; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Asep Setiawan; Sugiono Moeljopawiro; Edi Guhardja
Zuriat Vol 15, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v15i2.6809

Perakitan varietas unggul yang memiliki sifat ketahanan terhadap pathogen blas (Pyricularia grisea) merupakan salah satu program utama dalam pemuliaan padi. Untuk mendukung program tersebut diperlukan gene pool yang luas terutama untuk trait kuantitatif. Salah satu strategi yang dapat ditempuh adalah dengan mengidentifikasi lokus kuantitatif (QTL) yang terdapat pada spesies liar dan mentransfernya ke dalam kultivar padi. Spesies padi liar Oryza rufipogon diidentifikasi mempunyai lokus ketahanan kuantitatif (QRL) terhadap patogen blas. Pemanfaatan marka molekuler dalam pemuliaan tanaman salah satunya adalah untuk mempercepat seleksi (MAS) kembalinya genom tetua pemulih dalam persilangan silang balik. Dalam rangka menseleksi progeni persilangan O. rufipogon dengan IR64 menggunakan marka molekuler, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan seleksi introgresi genotip tahan yang hanya sedikit membawa fragmen dari tanaman padi liar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menseleksi genotip tahan blas dan menganalisis introgresi dan keterpautannya dengan tentative QTL tahan blas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 20 genotip tahan dengan tingkat introgresi yang bervariasi dari 9%–40% dari total kromosom yang terpetakan. Analisis keterpautan menunjukkan bahwa genotip nomor 118 mempunyai QTL tahan blas pada kromosom 2, genotip nomor 337 mempunyai QTL tahan blas pada kromosom 12 dan genotip nomor 343 mempunyai QTL tahan blas pada kromosom nomor 9. Nomor-nomor genotip yang telah terseleksi tingkat ketahanan dan introgresinya dapat mempercepat kembalinya genome tetua pemulih, sebagai bahan untuk pembentukan populasi lebih lanjut.

Sago palm biodiversity in Seram island Maluku province Indonesia Samin Botanri; Dede Setiadi; Edi Guhardja; Ibnul Qayim; Lilik B prasetyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/2431

The number of sago palm species in Maluku province becomes the current issue of biodiversity. The research aimed to clarify the species of sago palm in the Seram island, Maluku province. The research was conducted from March to November 2009 in three sample regions i.e. Luhu of Seram Bagian Barat (SBB) district, Sawai of Maluku Tengah (MT) district, and Werinama of Seram Bagian Timur (SBT) district. Genetic analysis was done at the laboratory of plant biology Inter Center University (ICU) Bogor Agricultural University. Variety of palm sagu was analyzed using index of similarity analysis for group similarity and Shannon-Wiener (H’) index for biodiversity of species. Further, the genetic analysis used isozyme method showed that group of sago in Seram Island shared group similarity included index value ranging from 60.66–80.92%. Based on the result of Shannon-Wiener (H’) index, all growth phases of sago palm group in Seram Island generally indicated a very low H’ value ranging from 0.61 – 0.90. Clearly, the genetic analysis illustrated there were only two kinds of sago species in Seram Island i.e. Metroxylon rumphii Mart. and M. sagus Rottb. The first species consists of three varieties i.e. 1) Microcanthum Becc., 2) Sylvestre Becc., and 3) Rotang Becc. Sago species of M. sagu Rottb. has solely one variety Molat Becc. Here, variety of Microcanthum is divided by two kinds of variety i.e. Tuni and Makanaro. Jumlah spesies tumbuhan sagu di provinsi Maluku masih mengalami perdebatan dalam bidang biodiversitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan klarifikasi spesies sagu yang tumbuh dan berkembang di pulau Seram, provinsi Maluku. Penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Maret–November 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 wilayah sampel yaitu: Luhu Kab. Seram Bagian Barat (SBB), Sawai Kab. Maluku Tengah (MT), dan Werinama Kab. Seram Bagian Timur (SBT). Analisis genetik dikerjakan di laboratorium Biologi Tumbuhan Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU) IPB Bogor. Keanekaragaman kelompok sagu dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kemiripan kelompok. Keanekaragaman spesies dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Keaneragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’). Analisis genetik menggunakan metode isozim. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kelompok sagu di Pulau Seram memiliki kemiripan kelompok yang termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dengan nilai indeks berkisar antara 60,66 – 80,92 %. Hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman spesies menurut indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) pada semua fase pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman spesies vegetasi dalam kelompok sagu di Pulau Seram secara umum termasuk dalam kategori sangat rendah dengan nilai H’ berkisar antara 0,61 – 0,90. Hasil analisis genetik menunjukkan bahwa di Pulau Seram Maluku hanya terdapat dua spesies sagu, yaitu Metroxylon rumphii Mart. dan M. sagus Rottb. Spesies yang pertama terdiri dari tiga varietas, yaitu: 1) Microcanthum Becc., 2) Sylvestre Becc., dan 3) Rotang Becc. Sedangkan spesies M. sagu Rottb. hanya memiliki satu varietas yakni Molat Becc. Varietas Microcanthum terbagi atas dua subvarietas, yaitu Tuni dan Makanaro.

Optimasi simbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita pada bibit kelapa sawit di tanah masam Optimizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil) Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SOEKARNO; L K DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 70, No 2: Desember 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryAM fungal symbiosis increase the uptake of P in oil palm seedlings. However the optimum condition of symbiosis has to be determined to get higher benefit of AM fungal symbiosis. Optimization of the symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil was determined. An experiment was conducted in polybag sized 40 x 60 cm contained sterilized Cikopomayak soil. Three factors studied were AM fungal species (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), inoculant dose (0.0; 12.5; 25.0; and 37.5% w/w), and fertilizer rate (0; 25; 50; and 100% recommended dose) and each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that optimum growth reached on the inoculant addition of 36% (w/w) in the form of infected roots, hypha, and spores and fertilizer dose of 25% for A. tuberculata, while for G. margarita was 40% (w/w) inoculant and 26% fertilizer. Efectivity of fertilizer and P uptake of oil palm seedling were significantly increased with AM fungi inoculation. P uptake of oil palm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata increase. RingkasanSimbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat meningkatkan serapan P pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk mendapatkan keuntungan simbiosis yang tinggi perlu diketahui kondisi optimum simbiosis. Simbiosis CMA dengan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi tingkat hara dan dosis inokulum. Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag berukuran 40 x 60 cm berisi tanah Cikopomayak steril. Tiga faktor yang diuji ialah spesies CMA (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), dosis inokulum campuran (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; dan 37,5% b/b), dosis pupuk (0; 25; 50; dan 100% dosis rekomendasi) dan masing masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum dicapai pada pemberian inokulum berupa akar terinfeksi, hifa, dan spora 36% (b/b) dan pupuk 25% untuk A. tuberculata, sedangkan untuk G. margarita ialah 40% (b/b) inokulum dan pupuk 26%. Keefektifan pupuk dan serapan P meningkat secara nyata dengan inokulasi CMA

Aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asam organik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza *) Phosphatase activity and organic acid production in rhizosphere and hyphosphere of mycorrhizal oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 2: Desember 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryStudies on the mechanism of the higher Puptake of oil palm seedling colonized witharbuscular mycorrhizal fungi throughsolubilizing of fixed P by organic acid orhydrolysis of organic P by phosphatase activityhave not been reported yet. This experiment wasaimed to examine the phosphatase activity andproduction of organic acids in rhizosphere andhyphosphere, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizaloil palm seedling. Oil palm seedling were grownfor 26 weeks in sterilized Cikopomayak acid soilin 20.5 cm diameter pots with three compart-ments, a central one for root growth(rhizosphere) and two adjacent on both side nextto the root compartment for hyphal growth(hyphosphere). Compartmentation was accom-plished by a 0.25 mm stainless steel filter. Allcompartment received a uniform concentration ofphosphorus (300 P mg kg -1 soil) either in organic(Na-phytate) or inorganic NH 4 HPO 4 form.Acaulospora tuberculata inoculum was establish-ed in pot culture using Pueraria phaseoloides as ahost, while Gigaspora margarita was propagatedusing maize as a host. AM fungal inoculumapplied as mixed propagules in optimum dosage.The experiment was conducted to asses ninetreatments combination between AM inoculation(without, A. tuberculata, and G. margarita) andsources of P (without P, inorganic P NH 4 HPO 4 ,and organic P Na phytate). Factorial in completerandomized design with two factors and threereplications was used in this research. In thehyphal compartment acid phosphatase activitywas much higher than alkaline phosphataseactivity, while in the rhizosphere alkalinephosphatase activity was higher compared toacid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphataseactivity in rhizosphere of oil palm seedlingsinoculated with A. tuberculata was significantlyhigher compared to uninoculated seedlings.However, both acid phosphatase activity andalkaline phosphatase activity were slightlyenhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation. In contrast,organic acid production between inoculatedseedling and uninoculated seedling was notsignificantly different. It seems that AM fungalsymbiosis with oil palm enhance mineralizationof organic P in spite of solubilization ofinorganic P.RingkasanMekanisme peningkatan pertumbuhankelapa sawit bermikoriza khususnya yangdisebabkan aktivitas pelarutan P anorganik yangterfiksasi melalui pelarutan oleh asam organikatau hidrolisis P organik oleh aktivitas fosfataseelum dilaporkan. Percobaan ini bertujuanmenetapkan aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asamorganik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer, bibit kelapasawit bermikoriza dan tidak bermikoriza. Kelapasawit ditumbuhkan selama 26 minggu pada tanahmasam Cikopomnayak steril pada pot ber-diameter 20,5 cm yang terbagi atas tiga daerah,ruang tengah untuk pertumbuhan akar (rhizosfer)dan dua daerah di sebelahnya untuk pertumbuhanhifa (hifosfer). Penyekatan pot menggunakanfilter stainless steel berukuran lubang 0,25 mm.Semua daerah dipupuk P pada konsentrasi300 P mg kg -1 tanah baik dalam bentuk organik(Na-phytate) maupun anorganik (NH 4 HPO 4 )Inokulum CMA merupakan hasil perbanyakandengan sistem kultur pot menggunakan inangPueraria phaseoloides untuk Acaulosporatuberculata sedangkan untuk Gigasporamargarita menggunakan inang jagung. InokulumCMA berupa propagul campuran pada dosisoptimum. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengujisembilan perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasiantara inokulasi CMA (tanpa, A. tuberculata,dan G. margarita) dan sumber P (tanpa P,anorganik P NH 4 HPO 4 , dan organik P Naphytate). Rancangan percobaan ialah rancanganacak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan untukmasing-masing perlakuan. Di hifosfer aktivitasfosfatase asam lebih tinggi daripada fosfatasealkalin, sedangkan di rhizosfer aktivitas fosfatasealkalin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan aktivitasfosfatase asam. Aktivitas fosfatase asam dirhizosfer bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi A.tuberculata nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkandengan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi. Aktivitasfosfatase asam dan fosfatase alkalin sedikit lebihtinggi dengan inokulasi CMA. Sebaliknya,produksi asam organik antara bibit yangdiinokulasi dan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi tidakberbeda nyata. Tampak bahwa simbiosis CMAdengan kelapa sawit lebih meningkatkanmineralisasi P organik dan kurang meningkatkanpelarutan P anorganik.

Penggunaan spora cendawan mikoriza arbuskula sebagai inokulum untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan serapan hara bibit kelapa sawit Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore as inoculant to increase growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryA green house experiment was conducted tostudy the effect of spore number and species ofAM fungi as inoculant of oil palm. Two species ofAM fungi was evaluated in this study namelyAcaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margaritaand three spore number were tested i. e 200, 350,and 500 spores. There two fungi have thepotential as AM fungi inoculant for oil palm. Thesoil used was acid soil from Cikopomayak, WestJava while the oil palm seedling was from OilPalm Research Institute, Medan. A polybag sized20 x 40 cm was used. Spores as type of inoculantaffect the oil palm growth in longer time. Thebest growth of the seedling in term of height,fresh, and dry weight was obtained byinoculation at 500 spores of A. tuberculata andG. margarita. However, at 500 spores perpolybag, growth and N, P, and K uptake ofseedlings inoculated with A. tuberculata andG. margarita were not significantly differentexcept for seedling and root fresh weight. Oilpalm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata at500 spores per seedling resulted higher root andseedling fresh weight compared with thoseinoculated with G. margarita. The different effectof seedling on A. tuberculata and G. margaritainoculation at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere only observed in plant height, fresh and dryweight of seedlings. The plant height, fresh, anddry weight of seedlings inoculated withA. tuberculata at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere higher compared with those inoculatedwith G. margarita. In addition inoculation withA. tuberculata at 200 spores per seedling resultedhigher N and K uptake of seedling compared withthose inoculated with G. margarita.RingkasanSuatu penelitian rumah kaca telah dilakukanuntuk mempelajari pengaruh jumlah spora danspesies cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)sebagai inokulum pada bibit kelapa sawit. Duaspesies CMA yang diuji ialah Acaulosporatuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita sedangkanjumlah spora yang diuji ada tiga tingkat yaitu200, 350, dan 500 spora. Bibit kelapa sawitberumur dua bulan ditanam di polibag berukuran20 x 40 cm yang berisi tanah yang bereaksimasam berasal dari Cikopomayak. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa spora sebaganokulum bibit kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhipertumbuhan kelapa sawit namun diperlukanwaktu yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkanrespons inokulasi. Pertumbuhan tertinggi padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering diperoleh pada inokulasi sebanyak 500spora per polibag baik untuk A. tuberculatamaupun G. margarita. Namun, pada inokulasisebanyak 500 spora per polibag, pertumbuhandan serapan N, P, dan K bibit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata dan G. margarita tidak berbedanyata kecuali pada peubah bobot basah akar danbobot basah bibit. Bobot basah akar dan bobotbasah bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata sebanyak 500 spora, lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan bibit yang diinokulasidengan G. margarita pada jumlah spora yangsama. Pengaruh spesies hanya dapat ditunjukkanpada inokulasi 200 dan 350 spora khususnya padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering bibit. Tinggi bibit, bobot basah dan bobotkering bibit yang diinokulasi A. tuberculata padajumlah spora 200 dan 350 per polibag lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita. Tampak bahwa inokulasiA. tuberculata dengan 200 spora per polibagmenghasilkan serapan N dan K lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita pada jumlah spora yang sama.

Arsitektur akar bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi beberapa cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Root architecture of oil palm seedling inoculated with selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah KOSIM DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 1: Juni 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary Oil palm is mostly cultivated in acid soil. The growth constraint of plant in acid soil is the limited availability of phosphorus (P) nutrient. Improvement of root system morphology and architecture have an important aspect since P is immobilized nutrient. Colonization of oil palm by rrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the P uptake of plant. However, there is no information related to the effect of AM fungal colonization on oil palm root morphology and architecture. A research has been conducted to asses the effect of colonization of two species of AM fungi on root system morphology and architecture of oil palm seedling. The research was conducted using Cikopomayak acid soil as medium in simple glass chamber. The plant material was from Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan while AM fungal inoculum was produced using pot culture. Six treatments assesed are combination of three levels of AM fungi inoculation (without inoculation with, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of fertilization (without, and with fertilizer). The result showed that colonization of AM fungi could change the root system morphology, and root architecture. The root fresh weight, root dry weight, length, and volume were significantly higher with the AM fungi colonization especially A. tuberculata inoculation. However, specific root weight was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated. The enhancement was significantly observed 26 weeks after inoculation. Biside that, proportion of secondary root of oil palm inoculated with AM fungi was higher compared to primary root. Fertilization tend to reduced root growth. Fertilization reduced significantly root shoot ratio of inoculated as well as uninoculated seedlings. The rooting volume was higher in inoculated seedling compared to uninoculated. The highest enhancement of N, P, and K uptake was observed 26 weeks after inoculation. The better root morphology and architecture might be one mechanisms of AM fungi colonized oil palm seedlings in increasing P uptake. Ringkasan Umumnya tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam pada tanah masam. Hambatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah masam adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan nutrisi P (fosforus). Oleh sebab itu perbaikan sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar memiliki aspek yang penting disebabkan P merupakan nutrisi yang tidak mudah bergerak. Kolonisasi tanaman kelapa sawit dengan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) akan meningkatkan penyerapan P oleh tanaman. Namun, hubungan antara simbiosis CMA dengan arsitektur perakaran kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolonisasi dua spesies CMA pada sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan tanah masam Cikopomayak yang mengandung Al tinggi sebagai medium dalam kultur pot kaca yang sederhana. Kecambah kelapa sawit berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan, sedangkan inokulum CMA diproduksi menggunakan kultur pot. Enam perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi tiga jenis inokulasi CMA ( tanpa inokulasi, inokulasi dengan Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita) serta dua tingkat pemupukan (tanpa, dan dengan pemupukan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi CMA merubah sistem morfologi dan arsitektur perakaran. Bobot basah, bobot kering, panjang dan volume akar nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi CMA khususnya A. tuberculata. Namun berat akar spesifik tidak beda nyata antara yang diinokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi. Peningkatan berat akar sangat nyata setelah 26 hari diinokulasi. Di samping itu proporsi akar sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akar primer pada tanaman kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi CMA. Pemupukan pada umumnya menurunkan pertumbuhan akar dan secara nyata menurunkan nisbah akar pucuk. Volume perakaran lebih besar pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi. Peningkatan serapan N, P, dan K tertinggi teramati 26 minggu setelah inokulasi. Morfologi perakaran yang lebih baik demikian pula arsitektur perakaran mungkin merupakan mekanisme bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza dalam meningkatkan serapan P.

Optimasi simbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita pada bibit kelapa sawit di tanah masam Optimizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil) Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SOEKARNO; L K DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 70 No. 2: 70 (2), 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v70i2.128

SummaryAM fungal symbiosis increase the uptake of P in oil palm seedlings. However the optimum condition of symbiosis has to be determined to get higher benefit of AM fungal symbiosis. Optimization of the symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil was determined. An experiment was conducted in polybag sized 40 x 60 cm contained sterilized Cikopomayak soil. Three factors studied were AM fungal species (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), inoculant dose (0.0; 12.5; 25.0; and 37.5% w/w), and fertilizer rate (0; 25; 50; and 100% recommended dose) and each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that optimum growth reached on the inoculant addition of 36% (w/w) in the form of infected roots, hypha, and spores and fertilizer dose of 25% for A. tuberculata, while for G. margarita was 40% (w/w) inoculant and 26% fertilizer. Efectivity of fertilizer and P uptake of oil palm seedling were significantly increased with AM fungi inoculation. P uptake of oil palm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata increase. RingkasanSimbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat meningkatkan serapan P pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk mendapatkan keuntungan simbiosis yang tinggi perlu diketahui kondisi optimum simbiosis. Simbiosis CMA dengan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi tingkat hara dan dosis inokulum. Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag berukuran 40 x 60 cm berisi tanah Cikopomayak steril. Tiga faktor yang diuji ialah spesies CMA (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), dosis inokulum campuran (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; dan 37,5% b/b), dosis pupuk (0; 25; 50; dan 100% dosis rekomendasi) dan masing masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum dicapai pada pemberian inokulum berupa akar terinfeksi, hifa, dan spora 36% (b/b) dan pupuk 25% untuk A. tuberculata, sedangkan untuk G. margarita ialah 40% (b/b) inokulum dan pupuk 26%. Keefektifan pupuk dan serapan P meningkat secara nyata dengan inokulasi CMA

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