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INDONESIA
JURNAL PANGAN
Published by Perusahaan Umum Badan Urusan Logistik
ISSN : 08520607     EISSN : 25276239     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Social Sciences
PANGAN merupakan sebuah jurnal ilmiah yang dipublikasikan oleh Pusat Riset dan Perencanaan Strategis Perum BULOG, terbit secara berkala tiga kali dalam setahun pada bulan April, Agustus, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 807 Documents
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Dinamika Kalender Tanam Padi di Sulawesi The Dynamics of Paddy Planting Time in Sulawesi Eleonora Runtunuwu; Haris Syahbuddin; Fadhlullah Ramadhani; Wahyu Tri Nugroho
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 21 No. 2 (2012): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v21i2.309

Abstract

Dalam menetapkan waktu tanam tanaman padi petani kebanyakan mengandalkan kebiasaan turun temurun, padahal kondisi iklim telah berubah akibat pemanasan global. Akibatnya petani sering menghadapi masalah sumberdaya air, terutama pada saat intensitas curah hujan tinggi dengan kurun waktu pendek atau kondisi kering yang berlangsung lama. Untuk menghindari kekeliruan dalam menentukan waktu tanam, perlu dilakukan analisis mengenai waktutanam pada beberapa kondisi ikiim yang berbeda, yang diduga bervariasi antar tempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi waktu tanam tanaman padi di Sulawesi, baik waktu tanam yang dominan dilakukan petani maupunberdasarkan kondisi iklim. Awal waktu tanam petani pada musim tanam pertama dianalisis dengan menggunakan data luas tanam level kecamatan periode tahun 2000-2007, sedangkan estimasi waktutanam pada saat curah hujan di bawah normal, normal, maupun di atas normal menggunakan data curah hujan harian runut waktu periode tahun 1980-2007. Awal waktu tanam pada musim tanam pertama yang dilakukan petani di Sulawesi umumnya terjadi pada dasarian pertama dan kedua September (September l/ll) setiap tahunnya; yang sama dengan hasil estimasi pada kondisi basah dan normal walau dengan intensitas yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa awal waktu tanam di Sulawesi relatif tetap. Tetapi pada kondisi kering petani ebaiknya menanam agak lambat yaitu dasarian III September sampai dengan dasarian pertama Oktober (September Ill/Oktober I) dan secara bertahap dapat dilakukan sampai dengan dasarian pertama dan kedua Januari (Januari l/ll). manfaat informasi estimasiawalwaktu tanam yang tersedia untuk setiap ecamatandiharapkan dapat membantu petani menentukan awal waktu tanam sebelum tiba musim tanam. In determining planting time ofpaddy crop farmers usually use onventional traditions although climatic conditions havechangesdue toglobal warming. As a result, farmers often face water resources problem, especially during a high intensity rainfall in a short period or aprolonged dry period. To avoid inaccuracy in determining planting time, there should bea study ofplanting time on some ofthe different climatic conditions, which are suspected varied among farming sites. This research aims to study the variation in food crops planting times especially in Sulawesi Island, based on both farmer's activities andclimate condition, i.e. wet, normal, anddry years. The existing planting time is determined byusingplanting area data of each sub-district during the period of 2000 to 2007 obtained from Statistics Indonesia. Planting time is considered commencing when 8 percent ofpaddy fields in a sub district have been planted. Planting time estimation on wet, normal, or dry years uses the ten-day rainfall data during the period of 1980 to 2007. The results show that farmer in Sulawesi generally plant rice starting on September in the first and second ten-days (September l/ll) every year. This issimilar to the estimation results on wet and normal years, but with higher intensity. This circumstance shows that early time plant in Sulawesi is relatively constant. Nevertheless in dry condition, farmers have to plant gradually on September Ill/October Iup to Jan l/ll. Information ofinitial planting time ofall sub-districts of Sulawesi is available on cropping calendar map. This information is expected to become the base information in determining planting time of each sub-district to avoid crop failures. 
Aplikasi Herbisida di Kebun Tebu Lahan Kering (Herbiciding at Dry Land Sugarcane Plantation) Gatot Pramuhadi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v21i3.310

Abstract

Aplikasi herbisida (herbiciding) di kebun tebu lahan kering dapat digunakan untuk mengantisipasi penurunan produktivitas tebu akibat serangan hama maupun persaingan tumbuh dengan gulma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas dan efisiensi aplikasi herbisida dengan menggunakan knapsack sprayer (KS), knapsack power sprayer (KPS), dan boom sprayer (BS). Aplikasi herbisida dilakukan di areal kebun tebu lahan kering milik PT Laju Perdana Indah (LPI), Palembang pada bulan Maret 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan KPS lebih efektif dibanding KS karena gulma-gulma yang mati setelah herbiciding yang menggunakan KPS sebesar 77,0 persen, sedangkan yang menggunakan KS sebesar (53,6-59,5) persen. Kecepatan operasi aplikasi herbisida rata-rata dengan menggunakan KS, KPS, dan BS berturut-turut sebesar 0,56 m/detik, 0,59 m/detik, dan 2,00 m/ detik sehingga mempengaruhi besar kapasitas lapang efektif aplikasi herbisida berturut-turut sebesar (0,10-0,11) ha/jam, 0,20 ha/jam, dan 2,66 ha/jam. Besar debit aliran herbisida dengan menggunakan KS, KPS, dan BS berturut-turut sebesar (60,69-65,40) liter/jam, 85,30 liter/jam, dan 1206,00 liter/jam, sehingga menghasilkan throwputcapacity sebesar (588,64-617,01) liter/ha, 418,94 liter/ha, dan 453,87 liter/ha. Perbedaan hasil unjuk kerja ketiga jenis sprayer tersebut menghasilkan perbedaan efisiensi aplikasi herbisida. Dengan menggunakan KS dan KPS terjadi ketidakefisienan (inefficiency) sebesar (47,2-54,3) persen dan 4,7 persen, atau terdapat pemborosan aplikasi herbisida sebesar (188,64- 217,01) liter/ha dan 18,94 liter/ha. Penggunaan BS ternyata lebih efisien yaitu terdapat penghematan sebesar 146,13 liter/ha (24,4 persen).Herbiciding at dry land sugarcane plantation can be used to anticipate decreasing sugarcane productivity caused by pest attack or growing competition with weeds. The objective of the research was to determine herbiciding effectiveness and efficiency using knapsack sprayer (KS), knapsack power sprayer (KPS), and boom sprayer (BS). Herbiciding was conducted on dry land sugarcane area of Laju Perdana Indah (LPI) Company, Palembang in March 2012. The results showed that the use of KPS was more effective than KS because the killed weeds after herbiciding using KPS was 77.0 percent, whereas using KS was (53.6-59.5) percent Herbiciding operational speeds using KS, KPS, and BS were 0.56 m/s, 0.59 m/s, and 2.00 m/s in average respectively, so that they influenced effective field capacity herbiciding of (0.10-0.11) ha/h, 0.20 ha/h, and 2.66 ha/h respectively. Herbicide solution debits using KS, KPS, and BS were (60.69-65.40) litre/h, 85.30 litre/h, and 1206.00 litre/h, so that they produced capacities of (588.64-61.01) litre/ha, 418.94 litre/ha, and 453.87 litre/ha. Difference in performances of the three sprayers would produce differences in herbiciding efficiency. The use of KS and KPS would produce inefficiency of (47.2- 54.3) percent and 4.7 percent, or there was any herbicide solution prodigality or providence of (188.64- 217.01) litre/ha and 18.94 litre/ha. The use of BS was more efficient because it could save herbicide solution of 146.13 litre/ha (24.4 percent). 
Produksi Padi Optimum Rasional: Peluang dan Tantangan (Rationally Optimum Paddy Production : Chance and Challenge) Tajuddin Bantacut
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v21i3.312

Abstract

Pemerintah Indonesia berkeinginan meningkatkan produksi padi hingga surplus 10 juta ton pada tahun 2014. Secara akademik, target diatas harus dikaji dari perspektif yang lebih luas yaitu apakah Indonesia mampu memenuhi kebutuhan beras untuk pangan pokok penduduknya atau berapakah sesungguhnya produksi beras yang rasional yang dapat dihasilkan? Mengacu pada pola pikir sederhana mengikuti kaidah produksi adalah produktivitas digandakan dengan luas panen maka sebuah analisis dapat dibuat untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Tingkat produksi harus dinaikkan karena kebutuhan konsumsi masih meningkat sejalan dengan pertambahan penduduk dan perbaikan kesejahteraan. Banyak pilihan tersedia untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian yaitu memperluas penanaman, memperbaiki produktivitas dan mengurangi susut pasca panen. Masing-masing pilihan dihadapkan pada masalah dan tantangan. Paper ini membahas masing-masing pilihan yang diakhiri dengan pilihan rasional. Pada bagian akhir dikemukan rekomendasi untuk mencapai produksi rasional dan penguatan ketahanan pangan nasional.Government of Indonesia has targetted to increase rice production to 10 million ton surplus above the necessity to feed its population. According to this target, a wideranalysis wouldbe necessary to estimate a rationalpotency and optimum rice production. A simple way of thinking as the analysis framework is using the following formula: production equals to harvesting area times productivity. The targeted production that population rice consumption plus 10 million ton is used as the analysis base. Therefore, the variables are harvesting area and productivity In the long run, that surplus should be increased further to maintain self sufficiency given that consumption trend is still continuing. There are several scenarios that can be adopted to increase harvesting area, productivity and secure post harvest losses. This paper discusses the possibilityof each scenario and its opportunity and constraint. At the end, it presents a conclusion that is composed from available alternatives followed by a set of recommendation on how to strengthen the future food security. 
Efektivitas dan Neraca Hara Pupuk SNL dan SNP dalam Tanah Padi untuk Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Inceptisol Karawang (Effectiveness and Nutrient Balance ofSNL and SNP Fertilizers in the Soilfor Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Inceptisol of Karawang) Dedi Nursyamsi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 21 No. 4 (2012): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v21i4.313

Abstract

Pemupukan merupakan tindakan yang harus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi nasional. Pupuk SNL dan SNP yang masing-masing berbentuk cair dan bubuk serta diaplikasikan dengan cara disemprotkan ke tubuh tanaman dan permukaan tanah berpotensi meningkatkan produksi padi sawah. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari efektivitas dan neraca hara pupuk SNL dan SNP dalam tanah untuk padi sawah (Oryza sativaL.) telah dilaksanakan di Tanah Inceptisol Karawang pada MH 2007/2008. Dua unit percobaan lapang (percobaan SNL dan SNP) menggunakan rancangan faktorial (dua faktor) dalam rancangan acak kelompok, 3 ulangan, dan padi variets Ciherang. Faktor pertama adalah 0, SNL 5 L/ha, dan SNL 5 L/ha +SNP 5kg/ha (unit pertama), serta 0dan SNP 5kg/ha (unit kedua). Faktor kedua adalah 0, NPK 25 persen, NPK 50 persen, dan NPK 100 persen berdasarkan uji tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pupuk SNL dan SNP efektif meningkatkan hasil padi sawah jika pupuk NPK diberikan dengan dosis 100 persen dosis anjuran. Pemberian SNL 5 L/ha dan SNP 5 kg/ha pada pemupukan NPK 100 persen memberikan hasil gabah tertinggi (7,35 t/ha). Walaupun demikian pemberian kedua pupuk tersebut hanya menyumbang hara: 0,575 kg N, 0,292 kg P205, dan 0,276 kg Kpper hektar. Dengan demikian peningkatan hasil gabah tersebut sangat tergantung pada kontribusi ketersediaan hara N, P, dan K dalam tanah.Fertilizer application is a must to increase national rice production. SNL and SNP fertilizers whichhave liquid and powder forms respectively and are usually aplied on plant and soil surface have potential to incrase rice production. Experiments aimed to study the effectiveness and nutrient balance of SNL and SNP fertilizersin soil for paddy rice (Oryza sativa L) was conducted at Inceptisols ofKarawang in WS 2007/2008. Two field experiments (SNL and SNP experimets) were arranged using factorial design in a Randomized Completely Block Design, three replications, and rice of Ciherang variety. The first factor was: 0, SNL 5 Uha, and SNL 5 Uha +SNP 5 kg/ha (first unit), as well as 0 and SNP 5 kg/ha (second unit), while the second factor was: 0, NPK 25percent, NPK 50percent, dan NPK 100 percent base on soil test. The results showed that combination ofSNL and SNP effectively increased yield ofpaddy rice when NPK fertilizer was given at a dose of100 percent recommendations. Use of SNL 5 Uha and SNP 5 kg/ ha combined with NPK fertilizersat 100 percent reccomendation gave the highest grain yield (7.35 t/ha). Nevertheless the use ofboth fertilzers only contributed nutrients of0.575 kg N, 0,292 kg P205, and 0,276 kg K20 perhectare. Thus the increase of grain yield was highly dependent on the contribution of nutrient availability ofN, P, and K from the soil.
Pendekatan Kerangka Sampel Area untuk Estimasi dan Peramalan Produksi Padi Mubekti Mubekti; Lena Sumargana
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 25 No. 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v25i2.323

Abstract

The drawback of the existing national agricultural statistics system is that the acquisition of data has not been based on scientific approaches, so it results in bias of data. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method for estimating rice area called ‘Area Frame Sampling’ based on points observation. The method employs not only statistics but also GIS, remote sensing, and information technology. Field survey to the sample points is aiming to observe and record the growth phase of rice. Data communication from field level to central level by SMS gateway is involved in supporting timely generation of reliable information on the crop area. The analysis of rice area refers to the extrapolation from sample to population, then, the estimation of rice production is a multiplication of rice harvest area and productivity derived from samples of crop cutting. Since we know both the period of growth phase and growth cycle of rice we can predict when the rice would be harvested. Each time the field survey is conducted then the acreage of each rice growth phase including harvest area can be derived. The analysis of rice area refers to the extrapolation from sample to population. Then the estimation of rice production is the multiplication of rice harvest area and productivity derived from samples of crop cutting. The accuracy of rice area estimate is good; it is indicated by the value of the coefficient of variation, namely <5 percent. It is concluded that area frame sampling approach for rice statistics can be implemented successfully and can be developed for other food crop statistics.
Kajian Agroekologi terhadap Strategi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pangan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Belu Nusa Tenggara Timur Carolina Carolina; Elok Wahju Hidajat
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 25 No. 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v25i2.324

Abstract

A local agroecosystem is the main food source, especially corn, for the people of Belu, East Nusa Tenggara. Although poverty is in general still an obstacle to achieving food security, local farmers’ strategy in managing local resources to fulfill food needs is valuable to be explored to discover the prospect of local potency. A case study is conducted in Bakustulama Village in West Tasifeto, Belu Subdistrict for exploring the local wisdom. Data are collected using an agroecological approach that allows integration of ecology, economy and social elements in food system perspective in lieu with food security definition to include food availability, accessibility, and continuity. It is found that food security strategy is performed through enabling agroecosystem to produce corn in multiple cropping systems, combining corn as a carbohydrate source, beans as a protein source, and other plant species rich in vitamin and minerals with good exchange value. Co-management principal is used from preparing land until harvesting. Corn is then stored to assure yearlong supply. As a staple food, corn is prepared traditionally as jagung ketemak and jagung bose, or mixed with rice. Based on the typical corn agroecosystem management, it is concluded that by means of appropriate technology introduction in cultivation system and post-harvest, significant value add could be acquired to improve not only food availability but also its accessibility. 
Konsumsi Tahu Kedelai Hitam untuk Memperbaiki Nilai SGOT/ SGPT dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Plasma Penderita Diabetes Tipe 2 Fransiska Rungkat Zakaria; Delina Puspa Rosana Firdaus; Nancy Dewi Yuliana
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 25 No. 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v25i2.325

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis is characterized by high blood glucose which can be triggered by several factors such as oxidative stress, unhealthy diet, and poor lifestyle. The high content of bioactive components and low content of digestible carbohydrate in black soybeans tofu might contribute to the body antioxidant supply and control blood glucose levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of black soy tofu consumption toward plasma SGOT/SGPT and antioxidant capacity. The intervention of black soybean tofu was conducted for 28 days in 15 type-2 diabetic respondents. The results showed that black soybean tofu significantly (p ˂ 0.05) increased plasma antioxidant activity level of respondents, from 45.79 ± 3.31 percent to 53.05 ± 4.44 percent. SGOT / SGPT tests showed a decrement ((p ≥ 0.05), from 14.27 ± 3.81 / 21.07 ± 6.73 (U/L) to 12.73 ± 2.34 / 18.60 ± 4.29 (U/L). The processing of black soybeans into tofu caused a decrease in antioxidant activity, from 144.06 mg AEAC to 45.27 mg AEAC and the total anthocyanin, from 12.27 mg to 1.805 mg/100 g. The results suggested that black soybean tofu improved the health profile of the diabetic respondents by increasing plasma antioxidant capacity and decreasing plasma SGOT/SGPT level.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia Tepung Kecambah Kedelai Made Astawan; Khaidar Hazmi
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 25 No. 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v25i2.326

Abstract

Soybean is a strategic commodity in Indonesia because it is one of the most important crops after rice and maize. Indonesian people like to consume processed soybean products due to several reasons, such as their relatively inexpensive price and highly nutritional content. One of the processes that can improve the quality of soy nutrition is germination process. In this study, comparative physicochemical characteristics of germinated soybean flour (TKK) and soybean flour (TK) is investigated. First, soybean and germinated soybean are dried using a freeze dryer, then their sizes are reduced using a blender and finally they are sieved using a 100 mesh sieve. TKK and TK products are analyzed based on not only their chemical and physical characteristics but also their functional properties. It is proven that germination process can improve the chemical characteristics of soybean flour, such as increasing the contents of ash, protein, and antioxidant capacity, but decreasing the fat content.  TKK is significantly higher than TK on bulk density. Protein functional characteristics of TKK are also better on foam capacity and emulsion capacity as compared to TK.
Minimalisasi Penurunan Kadar Beta-Karoten dan Protein dalam Proses Produksi Tepung Ubi Kayu Ahmad Fathoni; N. Sri Hartati; Nur Kartika Indah Mayasti
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 25 No. 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v25i2.327

Abstract

The conventional method of cassava flour production significantly reduces the levels of beta-carotene and protein in the product. Therefore, the method needs to be improved in order to minimize the loss. This study investigated the effect of some treatments on beta-carotene and protein stability including the use of a) various antioxidant agents; 0.3 percent of ascorbic acid, 0,3 percent of sodium metabisulphite and 8 percent of mixture of gum arabic and dextrin (1 : 1), b) different drying methods; cabinet dryer at 40°C and 50°C and sun drying, in cassava flour processing of two carotenoid-rich local cassava varieties; Adira 1 and Mentega 2. The results showed that the use of sodium metabisulphite and cabinet dryer at 40°C were the most effective methods to minimize the loss of beta-carotene and protein. Beta-carotene and protein content in cassava flour obtained from those treatments were 9,44±0,10 µg/g and 2,41 percent compared to control which was 4,92±0,29 µg/g and 2,1 percent whereas sun drying method reduced beta-carotene and protein content by 55,82 percent and 18,43 percent, respectively. Packaging in aluminum bags minimized the loss of beta-carotene and protein in the product during the first 3 months of storage. 
Pengembangan Mi Bebas Gluten dengan Teknologi Ekstrusi Mojiono Mojiono; Budi Nurtama; Slamet Budijanto
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 25 No. 2 (2016): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v25i2.328

Abstract

Diversifications of raw materials for noodle preparation using local carbohydrate sources offer considerable advantages through lowering wheat demand and providing specially-designed food such as gluten-free diet. Structural formations of gluten-free noodles substantially differ from wheat-based noodles due to the presence of gluten. Therefore, studies on starch characteristics including the ratio of amylose and amylopectin, granule morphology, and gelatinization properties are absolutely essential since they are responsible for noodle quality. Starch modification, for instance, HMT (heat moisture treatment), is a promising technique to improve starch properties for noodle preparation. Furthermore, processing conditions also account for noodle quality. Extrusions constitute an appropriate technology for the development of noodle processing technique as it gelatinizes starch and produces pressing and kneading effects that are required to form desirable noodle structure. This paper reviews current studies of gluten-free noodles and extrusion technology for noodle production.

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