International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE, ISSN: 2088-8708, a SCOPUS indexed Journal, SNIP: 1.001; SJR: 0.296; CiteScore: 0.99; SJR & CiteScore Q2 on both of the Electrical & Electronics Engineering, and Computer Science) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The journal is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world.
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A dynamic data encryption method based on addressing the data importance on the internet of things
Dana Khwailleh;
Firas Al-balas
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp2139-2146
The rapid growth of internet of things (IoT) in multiple areas brings research challenges closely linked to the nature of IoT technology. Therefore, there has been a need to secure the collected data from IoT sensors in an efficient and dynamic way taking into consideration the nature of collected data due to its importance. So, in this paper, a dynamic algorithm has been developed to distinguish the importance of data collected and apply the suitable security approach for each type of data collected. This was done by using hybrid system that combines block cipher and stream cipher systems. After data classification using machine learning classifiers the less important data are encrypted using stream cipher (SC) that use rivest cipher 4 algorithm, and more important data encrypted using block cipher (BC) that use advanced encryption standard algorithm. By applying a performance evaluation using simulation, the proposed method guarantees that it encrypts the data with less central processing unit (CPU) time with improvement in the security over the data by using the proposed hybrid system.
Micropower system optimization for the telecommunication towers based on various renewable energy sources
Ahmed Abdulmula;
Kamaruzzaman Sopian;
Norasikin Ahmad Ludin;
Lim Chin Haw;
Abdelnaser Elbreki;
Fayez Aldawi;
Hazim Moria
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1069-1076
This study investigates the technical and cost-effective performance of options renewable energy sources to develop a green off-grid telecommunication tower to replace diesel generators in Malaysia. For this purpose, the solar, wind, pico-hydro energy, along with diesel generators, were examined to compare. In addition, the modeling of hybrid powering systems was conducted using hybrid optimization model for energy (HOMER) simulation based on techno-economic analysis to determine the optimal economically feasible system. The optimization findings showed that the hybrid high-efficiency fixed photovoltaic (PV) system with battery followed by 2 kW pico-hydropower and battery are the optimal configurations for powering off-grid telecommunication towers in Malaysia with the lowest net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). These costs of NPC and COE are more down than diesel generator costs with battery by 17.45%, 16.45%, 15.9%, and 15.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the economic evaluation of the high-efficiency solar fixed PV panels system annual cash flow compared to the diesel generator with the battery system indicated a ten-year payback period.
An approach for cross-modality guided quality enhancement of liver image
Ahmed Elaraby;
Ayman Taha
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1449-1455
A novel approach for multimodal liver image contrast enhancement is put forward in this paper. The proposed approach utilizes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of liver as a guide to enhance the structures of computed tomography (CT) liver. The enhancement process consists of two phases: The first phase is the transformation of MRI and CT modalities to be in the same range. Then the histogram of CT liver is adjusted to match the histogram of MRI. In the second phase, an adaptive histogram equalization technique is presented by splitting the CT histogram into two sub-histograms and replacing their cumulative distribution functions with two smooths sigmoid. The subjective and objective assessments of experimental results indicated that the proposed approach yields better results. In addition, the image contrast is effectively enhanced as well as the mean brightness and details are well preserved.
Design and implementation of Arduino based robotic arm
Hussein Mohammed Ali;
Yasir Hashim;
Ghadah Alaadden Al-Sakkal
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1411-1418
This study presents the model, design, and construction of the Arduino based robotic arm, which functions across a distance as it is controlled through a mobile application. A six degree of freedom robotic arm has been designed and implemented for the purpose of this research. The design controlled by the Arduino platform receives orders from the user’s mobile application through wireless controlling signals, that is Bluetooth. The arm is made up of five rotary joints and an end effector, where rotary motion is provided by the servomotor. Each link has been first designed using solid works and then printed by 3D printer. The assembly of the parts of the robot and the motor’s mechanical shapes produce the final prototype of the arm. The Arduino has been programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding servo motor to the sliders in the designed mobile application for usage from distance.
X-ware: a proof of concept malware utilizing artificial intelligence
Thanh Cong Truong;
Jan Plucar;
Bao Quoc Diep;
Ivan Zelinka
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1937-1944
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic growth in utilizing computational intelligence techniques for various domains. Coherently, malicious actors are expected to utilize these techniques against current security solutions. Despite the importance of these new potential threats, there remains a paucity of evidence on leveraging these research literature techniques. This article investigates the possibility of combining artificial neural networks and swarm intelligence to generate a new type of malware. We successfully created a proof of concept malware named X-ware, which we tested against the Windows-based systems. Developing this proof of concept may allow us to identify this potential threat’s characteristics for developing mitigation methods in the future. Furthermore, a method for recording the virus’s behavior and propagation throughout a file system is presented. The proposed virus prototype acts as a swarm system with a neural network-integrated for operations. The virus’s behavioral data is recorded and shown under a complex network format to describe the behavior and communication of the swarm. This paper has demonstrated that malware strengthened with computational intelligence is a credible threat. We envisage that our study can be utilized to assist current and future security researchers to help in implementing more effective countermeasures
Microgrid energy management system for smart home using multi-agent system
Reda Jabeur;
youness Boujoudar;
Mohamed Azeroual;
Ayman Aljarbouh;
Najat Ouaaline
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1153-1160
This paper proposes a multi-agent system for energy management in a microgrid for smart home applications, the microgrid comprises a photovoltaic source, battery energy storage, electrical loads, and an energy management system (EMS) based on smart agents. The microgrid can be connected to the grid or operating in island mode. All distributed sources are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink to simulate a dynamic model of each electrical component. The agent proposed can interact with each other to find the best strategy for energy management using the java agent development framework (JADE) simulator. Furthermore, the proposed agent framework is also validated through a different case study, the efficiency of the proposed approach to schedule local resources and energy management for microgrid is analyzed. The simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed approach using Simulink/JADE co-simulation.
A nonlinearities inverse distance weighting spatial interpolation approach applied to the surface electromyography signal
Ayad Assad Ibrahim;
Ikhlas Mahmoud Farhan;
Mohammed Ehasn Safi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1530-1539
Spatial interpolation of a surface electromyography (sEMG) signal from a set of signals recorded from a multi-electrode array is a challenge in biomedical signal processing. Consequently, it could be useful to increase the electrodes' density in detecting the skeletal muscles' motor units under detection's vacancy. This paper used two types of spatial interpolation methods for estimation: Inverse distance weighted (IDW) and Kriging. Furthermore, a new technique is proposed using a modified nonlinearity formula based on IDW. A set of EMG signals recorded from the noninvasive multi-electrode grid from different types of subjects, sex, age, and type of muscles have been studied when muscles are under regular tension activity. A goodness of fit measure (R2) is used to evaluate the proposed technique. The interpolated signals are compared with the actual signals; the Goodness of fit measure's value is almost 99%, with a processing time of 100msec. The resulting technique is shown to be of high accuracy and matching of spatial interpolated signals to actual signals compared with IDW and Kriging techniques.
Quality of experience aware network selection model for service provisioning in heterogeneous network
Nagaraja Gadde;
Basavaraj Jakkali;
Ramesh Babu Halasinanagenahalli Siddamallaih;
Gowrishankar Gowrishankar
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1839-1848
Heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) are capable of integrating the different radio access technologies that make it possible to connect mobile users based on the performance parameters. Further quality of service (QoS) is one of the major topics for HWNs, moreover existing radio access technology (RAT) methodology are designed to provide network QoS criteria. However, limited work has been carried out for the RAT selection mechanism considering user QoS preference and existing models are developed based on the multi-mode terminal under a given minimal density network. For overcoming research issues this paper present quality of experience (QoE) RAT (QOE-RAT) selection methodology, incorporating both network performance criteria and user preference considering multiple call and multi-mode HWNs environment. First, this paper presents fuzzy preference aware weight (FPAW) and multi-mode terminal preference aware TOPSIS (MMTPA-TOPSIS) for choosing the best RAT for gaining multi-services. Experiment outcomes show the QOE-RAT selection method achieves much superior packet transmission outcomes when compared with state-of-art Rat selection methodologies.
Enhanced dynamic performance of grid feeding distributed generation under variable grid inductance
Salman Harasis;
Saher Albatran;
Eyad Almaita;
Khaled Alzaareer;
Qusay Salem;
Mamdouh Alghaythi;
Mohammad Arifur Rahman
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1113-1122
Controlling weak grid-connected systems is very challenging. In transient, frequency and voltage oscillations may lead to voltage and/or frequency stability problems and finally lead to system collapse. During steady-state operation and at the point of common coupling (PCC), voltage degradation and grid voltage background harmonics restrict the inverter's functionality, reduce the power flow capability and cause poor power quality. With weak grid connection, grid impedance variance will contaminate the voltage waveform by harmonics and augment the resonance, destabilizing the inverter operation. In this paper, complete mathematical modeling is carried out and state feedback-plus-integral control is implemented to support the stabilization of the system. The proposed controller is adopted to provide a smooth transient under sudden load change by controlling the injected grid current under different grid inductance values. Furthermore, the proposed control is used to reduce the order and size of the inverter output filter while maintaining system stability. The proposed control has been compared with the conventional proportional integral (PI) controller under different scenarios to validate its effectiveness and to strengthen its implementation as a simple controller for distributed generator applications.
Preliminary analysis of eddy current and iron loss in magnetic gear in electric vehicle
Mohd Firdaus Mohd Ab Halim;
Erwan Sulaiman;
Mahyuzie Jenal;
Raja Nor Firdaus Kashfi Raja Othman;
Syed Muhammad Naufal Syed Othman
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 12, No 2: April 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1161-1167
The inclusion of a high energy density permanent magnet into magnetic gear improves the machine's torque density. However, it also contributes to eddy current loss, especially in a high-speed application such in electric vehicle. In this paper, the losses from eddy current and iron loss are investigated on concentric magnetic gear (CMG). Torque multiplier CMG is designed with 8/3 gear ratio for this study. Iron loss and eddy current loss are compared and discussed. Based on this study, eddy current loss contributes to almost 96% of the total loss. This finding is hoped to direct the researcher to focus more on reducing loss associated with eddy current loss.