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Majalah Kedokteran Andalas
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 01262092     EISSN : 24425230     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas (MKA) (p-ISSN: 0126-2092, e-ISSN: 2442-5230) is a peer-reviewed, open-access national journal published by Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of medicine and health, and other related disciplines
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014" : 12 Documents clear
STRUKTUR PROTEOMIK VIRUS DENGUE DAN MANFAATNYA SEBAGAI TARGET ANTIVIRUS Novia Rachmayanti
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (430.792 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p136-142.2014

Abstract

AbstrakVirus dengue (DENV) telah menyebabkan sekitar 50 juta kasus infeksi demam berdarah setiap tahunnya, akan tetapi hingga saat ini belum terdapat vaksin maupun antivirus yang mampu mencegah atau mengobati penyakit tersebut. Selama pengembangan vaksin dan antivirus, diperoleh berbagai informasi tentang struktur protein DENV yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai target obat. Makalah membahas tentang struktur proteomik pada DENV, yaitu glikoprotein pada envelope, NS3 protease, NS3 helikase, NS5 metiltransferase, dan NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polimerase.AbstractDengue virus (DENV) has caused over 50 millions infection every year. However, to date neither vaccine nor medicine could be used to prevent or cure the illness. During researches in finding the vaccine or antiviral for DENV, information on DENV protein structure has been obtained which is potentially used as drug target. This paper disscuss DENV proteomic structure that consist of envelope glicoprotein, NS3 protease, NS3 helicase, NS5 methyl-transferase, and NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Preface and ToC - Vol 37, No 2 (2014) Redaksi MKA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (230.301 KB)

Abstract

PENGARUH SEPTOPLASTI TERHADAP SUMBATAN HIDUNG Bestari J Budiman; Effy Huriati; Hafni Bachtiar; Ade Asyari
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (464.452 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p107-114.2014

Abstract

AbstrakGejala sumbatan hidung meskipun bukan suatu gejala penyakit yang berat, tetapi dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup dan aktivitas penderita. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah deviasi septum nasi. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis dan mengevaluasi gejala sumbatan hidung, diantaranya adalah Nasal Inspiratory Peak Flowmeter (NIPF). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh septoplasti terhadap sumbatan hidung pada deviasi septum dengan pemeriksaan NIPF. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental studi dengan teknik pre dan post-test design untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil NIPF pada penderita deviasi septum nasi dengan sumbatan hidung. Pengukuran NIPF dilakukan sebelum operasi, minggu ke-2, ke-4 dan ke-6 setelah operasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 11 pasien (93%) dari 12 pasien secara subyektif mengalami perbaikan sumbatan hidung. Terdapat perubahan sumbatan hidung yang bermakna pada minggu ke-4 (p=0,01), dan ke-6 (p=0,01). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah septoplasti dapat memperbaiki sumbatan hidung pada deviasi septum nasi.AbstractEven though nasal congestion is not a severe symptom, it can reduce quality of life and patient’s activities. One of the causes of nasal congestion is septal deviation. Diagnostic test that could be used to evaluate nasal congestion is Nasal Inspiratory Peak Flowmeter (NIPF). The objective of this study was to measure the effect of septoplasty to nasal congestion caused by septal deviation with NIPF examination. This research was experimental study by pre and post-test design to evaluate NIPF of patients with nasal congestion due to septal deviation. NIPF was measured before operation surgery, second week, fourth week and sixth week after surgery. The result showed that there were 11 patients (93%) of 12 patients with decreased of nasal congestion subjectively. There were significant decrease of nasal congestion at fourth week (p=0.01) and sixth week (p=0.01). The conclusion of this study is septoplasty can reduce nasal congestion on septal deviation.
PERJALANAN PARASIT MALARIA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK IMUNOLOGI DAN BIOMOLEKULER Selfi Renita Rusjdi
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (587.486 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p143-150.2014

Abstract

Infeksi parasit malaria pada tubuh manusia terjadi akibat gigitan nyamuk Anopheles betina yang mengandung sporozoit Plasmodium. Perjalanan parasit ini dari awal infeksi sampai menimbulkan gejala klinis terdiri atas tiga tahap; yaitu tahap pre-eritrositik, tahap intrahepatik dan tahap eritrositik. Pada tahap pre-eritrosit, parasit bergerak aktif di sirkulasi hingga mencapai sel hepar. Tahap intrahepatik dimulai ketika sporozoit berhasil memasuki sel hepar dengan bantuan sel Kupffer melalui pembentukan parasitophorous vacuole. Setelah mengalami perkembangan dan multiplikasi di dalam sel hepar, parasit membentuk skizon yang terdiri dari ribuan merozoit, menempel dan memasuki eritrosit melalui interaksi ligand dengan banyak reseptor. Setiap tahapan ini melibatkan proses molekuler yang komplek termasuk pertahanan tubuh host terhadap invasi Plasmodium.
RESPON IMUN SELULER DAN HUMORAL MENCIT YANG DIIMUNISASI KANDIDAT VAKSIN DNA DENGUE BERBASIS GEN preM-E SEROTIPE 4 STRAIN INDONESIA Eleanor Louana Urfa; Beti Ernawati Dewi; T. Mirawati Sudiro
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (623.477 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p75-85.2014

Abstract

AbstrakInfeksi virus dengue (DENV) terkadang tanpa gejala atau dapat menunjukkan gejala klinis yang luas, berkisar dari sindrom flu ringan (dengue fever/DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), hingga syok hipovolemik (dengue shock syndrome/DSS). Hipotesis yang berkaitan dengan tingkat keparahan infeksi DENV meliputi mekanisme antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) dan keterlibatan sitokin. Hingga kini, belum ada obat antiviral yang efektif untuk mengeradikasi dan mencegah infeksi DENV, sehingga pencegahan berupa vaksin perlu dikembangkan. Kandidat vaksin DNA berbasis gen preM-E serotipe 4 strain Indonesia yang dikembangkan pada penelitian terdahulu disuntikkan ke mencit ddY, kemudian diuji tantang dengan DENV. Pada hari ke-4 dan ke-21 pascauji tantang, keberadaan sitokin IL-2 dalam serum dideteksi dengan metode ELISA. Serum hari ke-21 digunakan dalam uji ADE menggunakan sel K562. Sel limpa diambil pada hari ke-21 pascauji tantang, kemudian keberadaan IL-2 dan antibodi in vitro dideteksi dengan metode ELISA. Tingkat IL-2 tertinggi terdapat pada serum hari ke-4 pada kelompok mencit yang tidak diimunisasi namun diuji tantang, yaitu sebesar 69,83 pg/ml. Konsentrasi IL-2 terendah ditunjukkan oleh kelompok mencit yang diimunisasi namun tidak diuji tantang, yaitu 0 pg/ml. Pengukuran IL-2 pada serum dan supernatan sel limpa hari ke-21 tidak mendapatkan konsentrasi IL-2. Titer antibodi tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok sel limpa mencit yang diimunisasi, diuji tantang, dan diinduksi in vitro dengan DENV. Hasil uji ADE menunjukkan tingkat pengenceran serum berpengaruh terhadap jumlah sel yang terinfeksi oleh DENV, namun tidak ditemukan kondisi netralisasi dan enhancing. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan, kandidat vaksin DNA tersebut dapat memicu respon imun seluler dan humoral.AbstractDengue virus (DENV) infection can be asymptomatic or cause wide range of clinical symptoms, from mild febrille ilness (dengue fever/DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), to hipovolemic shock (dengue shock syndrome/DSS). Hypotheses related to the severity of DENV infection mechanisms including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and cytokines involvement. Until now, there are no effective antiviral drugs can eradicate and prevent DENV infection, therefore the development of vaccines is the alternative. DNA vaccine candidate preM-E serotype 4 strain of Indonesia which was developed in previous studies injected into ddY mice, then challenge with DENV. At day 4 and 21 post-challenge, serum was taken to detect the presence of cytokines IL-2 using ELISA method. Day 21 serum used in the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) assay using K562 cell line. Splenocytes were taken at day 21 post-challenge to measure the presence of IL-2 and in vitro antibody using ELISA method. Measurement of IL-2 on day 4 serum produced the highest levels of IL-2 (69.83 pg/ml) in the group of non-immunized, challenged mice, whereas the lowest concentration (0 pg/ml) shown by the group of immunized, non-challenged mice. Measurement of IL-2 in serum and splenocytes day 21 did not get the concentration of IL-2. The highest result of in vitro antibody measurements shown by the group of splenocytes from immunized, challenged mice then in vitro induced with DENV. ADE assay results showed that level of serum dilution has effect on the number of dengue-infected cells, but netralization and enhancing condition were not found in this assay. Based on this methods, the DNA vaccine candidate can trigger cellular and humoral immune responses.
PROFIL KECEPATAN HANTARAN SARAF PADA USIA MUDA Hendra Permana; Meiti Frida
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (488.296 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p115-120.2014

Abstract

AbstrakKecepatan Hantaran Saraf (KHS) digunakan untuk menilai aktivitas saraf perifer. Nilai KHS dipengaruhi oleh faktor antropometrik, seperti Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Beberapa studi mendapatkan perbedaan KHS pada beberapa tempat pemeriksaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai KHS pada usia muda normal berdasarkan IMT. Ini adalah studi potong lintang terhadap komunitas Dokter Muda FK-Unand di bagian Ilmu Penyakit Saraf dari Januari sampai Mei 2011. Peserta dikelompokkan berdasarkan IMT <25 dan IMT ≥25. Penilaian KHS dilakukan pada saraf medianus, ulnaris, radialis, tibialis posterior dan peroneus komunis. F Wave dan H Reflex diukur menggunakan EMG. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS. Hasil studi didapatkan bahwa dari 53 subjek; 34 orang memiliki IMT <25 dan 19 orang dengan IMT ≥25. Pada kelompok IMT <25 didapatkan rerata usia 23,5 tahun, tinggi badan 1,69 m dan berat badan 64,32 kg, sedangkan kelompok IMT ≥25 didapatkan rerata usia 23,47 tahun, tinggi badan 1,66 m dan berat badan 73,58 kg. Terdapat pemanjangan latensi dan penurunan KHS sensorik serta pemanjangan latensi dan penurunan KHS motorik pada kelompok IMT ≥25 dibanding kelompok IMT <25. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan bermakna KHS sensorik dan motorik nervus medianus berdasarkan IMT.AbstractNerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) can measure peripheral nerve activity. It was influenced by anthropometric, such as Body Mass Index (BMI). Previous studies suggested different results of NCV among different sites. The purpose of this study was to measure NCV among healthy young adult based on BMI. A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate NCV of fifth and sixth year medical students of Andalas University Padang from January to May 2011. Participants were categorized as BMI under 25 and 25 or above. NCV was examined on median, ulnar, radial, posterior tibial, and common peroneal nerves. F Waves and H Reflexes were measured using EMG. Data was analyzed by SPSS. The results from 53 participants; 34 had BMI under 25 and 19 had BMI 25 or above. On the group with BMI under 25, average age was 23.5 years olds, average height was 1.69, and average weight was 64.32 kg. On the group with BMI 25 or above, average age was 23.47 years olds, average height was 1.66 m, and average weight was 73.58 kg. There were prolonged latency and decreased NCV both sensoric and motoric on group with BMI 25 or above.
PERAN LATIHAN DISUPERVISI PADA PASIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT ARTERI PERIFER EKSREMITAS BAWAH Eka Fithra Elfi
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (803.611 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p151-161.2014

Abstract

AbstrakPenyakit arteri perifer (peripheral arterial disease, PAD) merupakan kumpulan kelainan yang menghambat aliran darah ke ekstremitas, pada umumnya terjadi akibat aterosklerosis dan bermanifestasi sebagai klaudikasio. Disamping terapi medikamentosa dan endovaskuler yang optimal, manajemen non farmakologi PAD terbukti efektif mengurangi gejala, meningkatkan kemampuan berjalan dan kualitas hidup. Telah dilaporkan laki-laki usia 58 tahun penderita klaudikasio intermitten karena oklusi arteri iliaka komunis sinistra. Pasien masih merasakan gejala setelah terapi medikamentosa dan angioplasty tranluminal percutaneous. Setelah dilakukan program latihan disupervisi, gejala, kemampuan berjalan, dan indeks brachial ankle meningkat signifikan. Program latihan disupervisi pada pasien PAD dinilai penting sebagai terapi primer untuk meningkatkan kapasitas fungsional dan kualitas hidup untuk manajemen jangka panjang.AbstractPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a disorder that obstruct the arterial blood supply to extremities, most commonly caused by atherosclerosis and manifests as claudicatio. Aside from optimal medical therapy and endovascular therapy, non pharmacological managements of PAD are proven effectively improving symptoms, increasing walking distance, and overall quality of life. The case report describe a 58 years old male with known claudicatio intermitten due to occlusion of left communis iliac artery. After medical therapy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, the patient still symptomatic. After supervised exercise training was prescribed to the patient, the symptom, walking distance, and ankle brachial index was improved significantly. Rehabilitation in PAD with supervised exercise training plays significant role as primary therapy in patients with PAD to improve functional capacity and quality of life in long term management.
KORELASI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN FORMULA MODIFICATION OF DIET IN RENAL DISEASE PADA POPULASI SEHAT Ima Septia; Rismawati Yaswir; Lillah Lillah; Efrida Efrida
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (396.446 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p121-128.2014

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) berdasarkan formula MDRD pada populasi sehat di kota Padang. Penelitian analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan 121 orang peserta medical check up pada beberapa rumah sakit di Kota Padang pada bulan Agustus 2013-Oktober 2014. Nilai eGFR dihitung menurut persamaan MDRD, kadar kreatinin diperiksa dengan metode enzimatik yang telah distandarisasi. Korelasi IMT dengan eGFR berdasarkan formula MDRD dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Kemaknaan secara statistik ditentukan jika nilai p < 0,05. Korelasi IMT dengan eGFR berdasarkan formula MDRD adalah korelasi negatif yang sangat lemah dan tidak bermakna (r = -0,19 ; p > 0,05). Simpulan: tidak didapatkan korelasi antara IMT dengan eGFR berdasarkan formula MDRD.AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula among healthy population in Padang. This cross-sectional analytic study enrolled 121 participants taking medical check-up in several hospitals in Padang from August 2013 to October 2014. Value of eGFR was determined by MDRD formula, and a standardized enzimatic method was used for measuring creatinine levels. The correlation between BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Statistical significancy was concluded if the value of p < 0.05. The correlation of BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula was found very weak, negative, and not significant (r = -0.19, p >0.05). Thus, there was no correlation between BMI and eGFR by MDRD formula.
SIGNET RING CELL CARCINOMA PADA PAYUDARA Muhartono Muhartono
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (689.673 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p162-166.2014

Abstract

AbstrakKanker payudara merupakan keganasan yang paling sering ditemukan pada wanita. Kanker payudara jenis signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) sangat jarang ditemukan. Kasus SRCC paling banyak ditemukan pada saluran cerna (GIT). Dilaporkan kasus, wanita 46 tahun, terdapat benjolan di payudara. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi payudara menunjukkan area hypoechoik. Mamografi menunjukkan payudara heterogen padat, distorsi arsitektur atau mikrokalsifikasi. Aspirasi jarum halus sitologi dari jaringan payudara menunjukkan bahwa tumor adalah ganas. Pada pemeriksaan endoskopi gastrointestinal normal. Pemeriksaan Patologi menunjukkan sel-sel neoplastik bentuk bulat, tersebar atau distribusi disertai musin intrasitoplasmik besar menekan inti menuju salah satu kutub sel. Secara klinis, usg, maupun endoskopi tidak ditemukan massa tumor pada GIT. Pada pemeriksaan imunohistokimia SRCC payudara GCDFP15+, ER+, CK7+, MUC1+, CK20-, MUC2- dan SRCC GIT CK20+, MUC2+, GCDFP15-, ER-, CK7-, MUC1-, Simpulan, SRCC payudara adalah tumor ganas yang sangat langka dan harus dibedakan dari metastasis GIT.AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Breast cancer types signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is very rare. SRCC case most commonly found in the saluran cerna (GIT). Reported cases, female 46 years, there is a lump in the breast. Breast ultrasound examination showed hypoechoic area. Mammography showed heterogeneous dense breasts, architectural distortion or microcalcifications. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast tissue showed that the tumor was malignant. In normal gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pathologic examination menunjukkan neoplastic cells rounded shape, spread or distribution with large intracytoplasmik mucin core pressing toward one pole of the cell. Clinically, ultrasound, and endoscopy was not found in the GIT tumor mass. On immunohistochemical examination breast SRCC on ER+, CK7+, MUC1+, MUC2-, CK20-; GIT SRCC CK20+, MUC2+, ER-, CK7-, MUC1-. Conclusion, breast SRCC is a malignant tumor that is very rare and should be differentiated from metastatic GIT.
ADENOKARSINOMA PROSTAT: PENILAIAN PROGNOSTIK DAN DERAJAT HISTOPATOLOGI Anandia Putriyuni; Noza Hilbertina
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37, No 2 (2014): Published in September 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (615.516 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v37.i2.p93-100.2014

Abstract

AbstrakKanker prostat merupakan kanker kedua terbanyak pada pria di seluruh dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor prognostik adenokarsinoma prostat seperti derajat histopatologi berdasarkan the 2005 ISUP modified Gleason system, invasi perineural dan kadar PSA serum sebelum operasi. Ini adalah suatu penelitian deskriptif kasus adenokarsinoma prostat yang didiagnosis di laboratorium patologi anatomi periode 2010-2012. Data usia dan kadar PSA diperoleh dari rekam medik. Review sediaan histopatologi dilakukan untuk konfirmasi skor Gleason, lalu dikelompokan berdasarkan derajat histopatologi. Kasus adenokarsinoma prostat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi adalah 163. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus adenokarsinoma prostat terbanyak pada kelompok usia 61-70 tahun sebanyak 38,65%, derajat histopatologi poorly differentiated yaitu 46,63%, invasi perineural 22,7% dan 83,33% kadar PSA serum >20 ng/ml. Pada kelompok usia 51-60 tahun adenokarsinoma prostat terbanyak ditemukan dengan derajat histopatologi well differentiated; sedangkan kelompok usia 61-70 tahun, 71-80 tahun dan 81-90 tahun terbanyak poorly differentiated. Invasi perineural positif terbanyak pada derajat histopatologi poorly differentiated. Semua derajat histopatologi adenokarsinoma prostat menunjukkan kadar PSA serum terbanyak >20 ng/ml. Penelitian ini menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan usia, invasi perineural dan kasus dengan kadar PSA serum >20 ng/ml bersamaan dengan peningkatan derajat histopatologi adenokarsinoma prostat.AbstractProstate cancer is the second most common cancer in men around the world. The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors of prostate adenocarcinoma such as histopathological grading based on the 2005 ISUP modified Gleason system, perineural invasion, and PSA serum. This was a descriptive study of prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosed in Pathology Department from 2010 to 2012. The age and PSA serum level were taken from the medical records. The histological slides were reviewed to confirm Gleason score, and then classified into the histopathological grading. The number of prostate adenocarcinoma cases included in this study was 163. The result shows that the majority of cases were found at 61–70 years old (38.65%), histopathological grading was mostly poorly differentiated (46.63%), positive perineural invasion 22.7% and 83.33% PSA serum above 20 ng/ml. Prostate adenocarcinomas found at age 51-60 years old were mostly well differentiated. On the other hand, cases found at age above 60 years old were mostly poorly differentiated. Perineural invasion was mostly found on poorly differentiated cases. All of histopathological grading showed PSA serum above 20 ng/ml. This study suggested that higher age, perineural invasion and PSA serum level above 20 ng/ml were congruent with the histopathological grading.

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