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INDONESIA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 01262092     EISSN : 24425230     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077
Core Subject : Health,
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas (MKA) (p-ISSN: 0126-2092, e-ISSN: 2442-5230) is a peer-reviewed, open-access national journal published by Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of medicine and health, and other related disciplines
Articles 12 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015" : 12 Documents clear
ADENOMA HIPOFISIS Muhammad Hidayat
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (363.68 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p130-138.2015

Abstract

AbstrakAdenoma hipofisis diklasifikasikan berdasarkan beberapa kriteria yaitu klinis dan endokrin, patologi, serta radiologi. Klasifikasi endokrin membedakan tumor sebagai fungsional dan nonfungsional, berdasarkan aktivitas sekretorinya in-vivo. Klasifikasi patologi berusaha untuk membatasi kelompok tumor heterogenus secara klinis dan patologis dengan kategori yaitu asidofilik, basofilik, dan kromofobik. Klasifikasi radiologi mengelompokkan tumor hipofisis berdasarkan ukuran dan karakteristik pertumbuhan, yang dapat ditemukan dari studi imaging. WHO membuat klasifikasi yang mencoba untuk mengintegrasikan semua klasifikasi yang ada dan menyediakan sinopsis praktis untuk aspek klinis dan patologis dari adenoma. Diagnosa adenoma hipofisis dibuat berdasarkan: gejala klinis dari gangguan hormon, adanya riwayat penyakit dahulu yang jelas, pemeriksaan fisik yang menunjang, pemeriksaan laboratorium yang menunjukkan disfungsi dari hormon yang terganggu, adanya pemeriksaan penunjang yang akurat seperti CTScan, MRI-Scan. Jenis, besar dan fungsi dari tumor sangat menentukan dalam mempertimbangkan penatalaksanaan dari adenoma hipofisis. Pengobatan diindikasikan pada semua pasien dengan gejala, terutama dengan hipogonadisme. Pilihan terapi termasuk kontrol dengan obat-obatan, reseksi bedah, dan terapi radiasi.AbstractPituitary adenomas are classified according to several criteria; clinical endocrine, pathology, and radiology. Endocrine classification distinguishes tumors as functional and nonfunctional, based on in-vivo secretory activity. Pathology classification seeks to restrict clinically heterogeneous group of tumors and pathological categories namely acidophilic, basophilic, and kromofobik. Radiological classification classifies pituitary tumors by size and growth characteristics, which can be found on imaging studies. WHO made a classification that attempts to integrate all existing classifications and provide practical synopsis for the clinical and pathological aspects of adenoma. Diagnosis of pituitary adenoma is made based on: clinical symptoms of hormonal disorders, clear past medical history, clear physical examination, laboratory tests show hormonal dysfunction or disturbance, and accurate investigations such as CT scan and MRI scan. Types, large and function of the tumor is crucial in considering the management of pituitary adenomas. Treatment is indicated in all patients with symptoms, especially with hypogonadism. Therapeutic options include control with drugs, surgical resection and radiation therapy.
KADAR APOLIPOPROTEIN B 100 SERUM PADA PENDERITA NEFROPATI DIABETIKUM Eva Decroli
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (460.429 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p99-107.2015

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar Apolipoprotein B 100 serum pada penderita nefropati diabetikum. Metode penelitian ini dengan desain cross sectional yang bersifat deskriptif analitik. Populasi adalah semua pasien yang menderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang dirawat di bagian penyakit dalam atau kontrol ke poliklinik khusus metabolik endokrin RSU Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan proteinuria positif yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang diambil secara konsekutif. Sampel penelitian diambil dari darah vena dalam keadaaan puasa selama 12 jam. Pemeriksaan apolipoprotein B 100 serum dilakukan di laboratorium klinik swasta, dengan menggunakan metode imunoturbidimetri. Albumin creatinin ratio merupakan perbandingan kadar albumin urin terhadap kreatinin urin dengan metode pemeriksaan imunoturbidimetri. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan rerata kadar Apolipoprotein B 100 serum yaitu 86,10 mg/dl (nilai normal 66-101 mg/dl) dengan standar deviasi 27,997. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat peningkatan kadar apolipoprotein B 100 serum pada penderita nefropati diabetikum.AbstractThis study aims to examine Apolipoprotein B 100 serum level in diabetic nephropathy patient. Study design was cross sectional with analytic descriptive. Population is all type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatient and outpatient in internal medicine M Djamil hospital. Sample is all type 2 diabetes mellitus consecutive patient with positive proteinuria and fullfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Vein blood was taken after 12 hours-fasting. Apolipoprotein B 100 serum check at non-governmental laboratory by immunoturbidimetry methode. Albumin creatinin ratio check by immunoturbidimetry methode. Result: Apolipoprotein B 100 serum level is 86.10 mg/dl (normal value 66-101 mg/dl) with standar deviation 27.997. Conclusion: There is no significant enhancement of apolipoprotein B 100 serum level in diabetic nephropathy patient.
COMPARISON OF FOUR METHODS TO DETECT ADVERSE EVENTS IN HOSPITAL Inge Dhamanti
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (439.034 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p139-146.2015

Abstract

AbstrakDeteksi terjadinya kejadian yang tidak diharapkan (KTD) telah menjadi salah satu tantangan dalam keselamatan pasien oleh karena itu metode untuk mendeteksi terjadinya KTD sangatlah penting untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk membandingkan kelebihan dan kekurangan dari beberapa metode untuk mendeteksi terjadinya KTD di rumah sakit, meliputi review rekam medis, pelaporan insiden secara mandiri, teknologi informasi, dan pelaporan oleh pasien. Studi ini merupakan kajian literatur untuk membandingkan dan menganalisa metode terbaik untuk mendeteksi KTD yang dapat diimplementasikan oleh rumah sakit. Semua dari empat metode telah terbukti mampu untuk mendeteksi terjadinya KTD di rumah sakit, tetapi masing-masing metode mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan yang perlu diatasi. Tidak ada satu metode terbaik yang akan memberikan hasil terbaik untuk mendeteksi KTD di rumah sakit. Sehingga untuk mendeteksi lebih banyak KTD yang seharusnya dapat dicegah, atau KTD yang telah terjadi, rumah sakit seharusnya mengkombinasikan lebih dari satu metode untuk mendeteksi, karena masing-masing metode mempunyai sensitivitas berbeda-beda.AbstractDetecting adverse events has become one of the challenges in patient safety thus methods to detect adverse events become critical for improving patient safety. The purpose of this paper is to compare the strengths and weaknesses of several methods of identifying adverse events in hospital, including medical records reviews, self-reported incidents, information technology, and patient self-reports. This study is a literature review to compared and analyzed to determine the best method implemented by the hospital. All of four methods have been proved in their ability in detecting adverse events in hospitals, but each method had strengths and limitations to be overcome. There is no ‘best’ single method that will give the best results for adverse events detection in hospital. Thus to detect more preventable adverse events, or adverse events that have already occurred, hospitals should combine more than one method of detection, since each method has a different sensitivity.
ANTROPOMETRI SENDI PERGELANGAN KAKI ETNIS MINANGKABAU Hafni Marsil; Rizki Rahmadian; Sylvia Rachman; Erkadius Erkadius
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (361.57 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p108-115.2015

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengukur antropometri sendi pergelangan kaki etnis Minangkabau. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan pada 50 orang mahasiswa kedokteran etnis Minangkabau berusia 21-25 tahun di lingkungan RS. dr. M Djamil Padang. Dilakukan pemeriksaan ROM, rontgen ankle proyeksi anteroposterior, lateral dan mortise. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ROM plantarfleksi 48,920±5,820, ROM dorsofleksi 31,300±4,070, inversi 10,320±2,280, eversi 5,940±1,200, talocrural angel anteroposterior 76,530± 2,530 dan mortise 77,380±2,270, tibiofibular overlap anteroposterior 7,51±2,64 mm dan mortise 4,71±2,45 mm, tibiofibular clear space anteroposterior 3,6±1,18 mm dan mortise 3,85±1,09 mm, talar tilt anteroposterior 0,140±0,100 dan mortise 0,190±0,150, medial malleolar length anteroposterior 13,88±1,99 mm dan mortise 14,03±1,69 mm, lateral malleolar length anteroposterior 25,71±2,83 mm dan mortise 26,70±3,40 mm, johnson angle anteroposterior 87,770±1,710 dan mortise 87,570±1,840, medial clear space 2,97±0,75 mm, anteroposterior inclination angle 7,470±2,700, anterior distal tibial angle 82,530± 2,700, dan anteroposterior gap 3,50±1,43 mm.Terdapat perbedaan ukuran antropometri sendi pergelangan kaki mahasiswa kedokteran beretnis Minangkabau di lingkungan RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang dengan kepustakaan, namun masih dalam rentang normal.AbstractThis study aimed to measure anthropometric of ankle joint of Minangkabau ethnic group. Cross sectional study has been done in 50 Minangkabau ethnic medical students, aged 21-25 years in RSUP. Dr. M Djamil Padang. ROM, anteroposterior, lateral, and mortise X-ray projections of ankle were examined. ROM plantarflexion was 48.920±5.820, ROM dorsiflexion was 4.070±31.300, inversion was 10.320±2.280, eversion was 5.940±1.200, talocrural angel anteroposterior was 76.530±2.530 and mortise was 77.380±2.270, tibiofibular overlapp anteroposterior was 7.51±2,64 mm and mortise was 4.71±2,45 mm, tibiofibular clear space anteroposterior was 3.6±1.18 mm and mortise was 3.85±1.09 mm, talar tilt anteroposterior was 0.140 ± 0.100 and mortise was 0.190 ± 0.150, medial malleolar length anteroposterior was 13.88 ± 1,99mm and mortise was 14.03 ± 1,69mm, lateral length malleolar anteroposterior was 25.71±2,83 mm and mortise was 26.70 ± 3,40 mm, johnson angle anteroposterior was 87.770 ± 1.710 and mortise was 87.570±1.840, medial clear Space was 2,97±0,75 mm, anteroposterior Inclination Angle was 7.470±2.700, anterior distal tibial Angle was 82.530 ± 2.700 and anteroposterior gap was 3.50 ± 1,43 mm. There was a difference in antropometric size of the ankle joint between Minangkabau ethnic medical student in RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang and literature, but still within the normal range.
PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD FLAP FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NOSE Al Hafiz; Effy Huriyati; Bestari J. Budiman; Jacky Munilson
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (589.439 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p147-154.2015

Abstract

AbstrakPenutupan defek yang ditimbulkan akibat operasi di daerah kepala dan leher umumnya dapat dilakukan dengan penjahitan langsung. Untuk defek yang lebih luas, atau apabila metode penjahitan langsung tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan, maka dapat digunakan flap kulit. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mendemonstrasikan ke ahli THT-KL, bagaimana forehead flap dapat memperbaiki estetika dan fungsi hidung pada kasus deformitas hidung. Satu kasus deformitas pada hidung, seorang laki-laki berusia 69 tahun dengan riwayat basalioma di daerah hidung. Pada pasien dilakukan rekonstruksi hidung dengan menggunakan forehead flap. Rekonstruksi hidung menggunakan forehead flap dapat mengurangi defek pada deformitas hidung. Diperlukan analisis wajah terutama daerah hidung untuk menentukan jenis dan posisi dari flap kulit yang tepat.AbstractA Defect following head and neck surgery can often be closed using the technique of direct suture. For larger defects or in situations where direct suture is neither applicable, surgical defect in the head and neck especially at the nose, can be filled by local skin flaps. The case was reported in order to demonstrate to Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck surgeons on how the forehead flap could restore the aesthetic and function of the nose in nasal deformity case. One case of the nasal deformity was reported in a 69 years old man with history of basal cell carcinoma on the nose. This patient was managed using the forehead flap for nasal reconstruction purpose. The employment of this technique could reduce the defects of nasal deformity. Facial analysis particularly nasal area is necessary to determine the exact kind and position of skin flap.
PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS CAPSICUM SEBAGAI SUMBER CAPSAICIN KO-ANESTESI PADA ANESTESI LOKAL Aldian Mulyanto Lokaria; Muhammad Ridwan; Muhamad Febry; Fadil Oenzil
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (396.096 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p73-79.2015

Abstract

AbstrakAnestesi lokal bekerja dengan memblok sel saraf sensorik rasa sakit (nosiseptor) dan sel saraf lain, sehingga diperlukan Capsaicin pada cabai sebagai ko-anestesi agar obat anestesi lokal bekerja spesifik pada nosiseptor. Beragam varietas cabai menuntut adanya penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis cabai yang tepat sebagai sumber Capsaicin ko-anestesi, hubungan dengan peningkaan kadar Capsaicin, dan pengaruh terhadap waktu kerja obat anestesi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain pre and post test design. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biota Sumatera Universitas Andalas dan di Laboratorium Hewan Fakultas Kedokteran Unand selama 3 bulan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah tikus (Rattus novergicus) jantan dari galur Sprague Dawley dengan berat 250-350 gram, sebanyak 24 ekor dibagi 8 kelompok. Tiap kelompok mendapatkan perlakuan berupa pemberian Capsaicin dari jenis cabai dengan kadar yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan waktu munculnya efek sensorik (p 0,020) dan motorik (p 0,001) antar kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok C.frutescens 5% tercepat dalam menghentikan bloking saraf motorik (3,33 menit), sedangkan kelompok C.frutescens 10% terbaik dalam mempengaruhi lama bloking saraf sensorik (53,67 menit). Dimana peningkatan kadar berbanding lurus dengan hasil anestesi dan jenis cabai dengan kadar yang berbeda juga mempengaruhi lama waktu kerja obat anestesi.Abstract Local anesthesia works by blocking pain sensory nerve cells (nociceptors) and other nerve cells, it's need capsaicin in chili as co-anesthesia so that local anesthesia specific work on nociceptors only. The diversity of chili, demand more research to determine the most appropriate type of chili as a source of capsaicin co-anesthesia. This is a pre and post test design experimental research. Which each groups is given of Capsaicin from different chili types and concentration. There are difference time in emergence of sensory effects (p 0.020) and motor effects (p 0.001) between groups. Group of C.frutescens 5% is the fastest group in stopping of the motor nerve blocking (3.33 minutes), while group of C.frutescens 10% is best group in influencing long-blocking sensory nerves (53.67 minutes). Thus the increased concentration is linear correlation to the results of anesthesia and the types of chili with different concentration affect the work time of anesthesia.
PERBEDAAN DAYA HAMBAT PASTA GIGI BERBAHAN HERBAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS Susi Susi; Hafni Bachtiar; Nidia Sali
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (364.351 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p116-123.2015

Abstract

AbstrakKaries gigi dan penyakit periodontal dapat dicegah dengan mengontrol pembentukan plak secara teratur. Penggunaan pasta gigi herbal dapat memberikan efek kimia untuk mengontrol pembentukan plak. Studi terdahulu mendapatkan bahwa pasta gigi herbal dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri utama pada rongga mulut yaitu Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perbedaan daya hambat beberapa pasta gigi herbal (mengandung siwak, cengkeh, dan daun sirih) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan meletakkan cakram yang sudah direndam dengan pasta gigi ke medium agar darah yang mengandung koloni Streptococcus mutans. Uji daya hambat bakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi. Terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar koloni bakteri menunjukkan adanya penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Hasil uji satu arah ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan daya hambat yang bermakna antar pasta gigi herbal yang digunakan (p<0.05). Ketiga pasta gigi didapakan memiliki kemampuan antibakteri kuat dengan rata-rata zona hambat 16.075 mm, 13.375 mm dan 11.080 mm. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasta gigi herbal mempunyai efek anti bakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dengan efek anti bakteri terkuat di tunjukkan oleh pasta gigi mengandung cengkeh.AbstractDental caries and periodontal disease can be eliminated by regularly control plaque formation. The usage of herbal toothpaste is able to give chemical effect toward plaque control. Previous studies shown that the usage of herbal toothpaste was able to reduce the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the main bacteria in the mouth. The study aimed at investigating the difference of zone of inhibition of several herbal toothpastes (siwak- , cloves- , and betel leaves- contained) toward the growth of Streptococcus mutans.This study was experimental research using disc that had been immersed and subsequently put it onto Blood agar medium that contain Streptococcus mutans. Inhibition test of the growth of bacteria was done by using diffusion method and was said as positif result when clear zone surrounding the colony of Streptococcus mutans was identified. One way ANOVA test result showed there was a significant difference of inhibition effect among those three herbal toothpaste (p<0.05). The average diameter of zone of inhibition of clove- , siwak- , and betel leaves-containing toothpaste were 16.075 mm, 13.375 mm and 11.080 mm respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that herbal toothpaste has shown anti-bacterial effect toward the growth of Streptococcus mutans in which the strongest anti-bacterial effect were shown by clove-containing toothpaste.
PERANAN PATOLOGI DALAM DIAGNOSTIK TUMOR PAYUDARA Noza Hilbertina
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (43.732 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p1-8.2015

Abstract

PERANAN PATOLOGI DALAM DIAGNOSTIKTUMOR PAYUDARA
Preface and ToC - Vol 38, No 2 (2015) Redaksi MKA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (455.916 KB)

Abstract

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ASCARIASIS PADA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR Atikah Mardhika Ihsan; Selfi Renita Rusjdi; Siti Nurhajjah
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 38, No 2 (2015): Published in September 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (414.683 KB) | DOI: 10.22338/mka.v38.i2.p80-88.2015

Abstract

AbstrakKejadian Ascariasis masih tinggi di Kota Padang, terutama pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi tingginya kejadian Ascariasis ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Ascariasis pada murid Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan metode cross sectional study yang dilakukan pada 122 murid SDN 25 dan 28 Purus, Kota Padang pada bulan Desember 2013. Faktor-faktor yang diteliti antara lain higienitas perorangan, tingkat pengetahuan ibu, sanitasi lingkungan, tempat tinggal, dan tingkat penghasilan orang tua. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa murid yang positif Ascariasis sebesar 34,4%. Kejadian Ascariasis ditemukan pada murid yang higienitas perorangan kurang baik sebesar 52%, tingkat pengetahuan ibu yang rendah sebesar 34,9%, sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik sebesar 29,3%, dan tingkat penghasilan orang tua yang rendah sebesar 37%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara higienitas perorangan (p=0.06), pengetahuan ibu (p=1), sanitasi lingkungan (p=0,35), dan tingkat penghasilan orang tua (p=0,59) dengan kejadian Ascariasis. Kesimpulan: Kejadian Ascariasis pada pada murid SDN 25 dan 28 Purus, Kota Padang tahun 2013 tidak berkaitan dengan higienitas perorangan, pengetahuan ibu, sanitasi lingkungan, dan tingkat penghasilan orang tua.AbstractThe prevalence of Ascariasis is still high in Padang, especially at primary school age children. There are many factors contribute to the high incidence of this Ascariasis. The purpose of this study was to know the factors that associated with the incidence of Ascariasis in primary school. This study uses an analytical design method of cross -sectional study on 122 students in 25 and 28 primary school Purus, Padang in December 2013. The factors studied include personal hygiene, level of maternal knowledge, sanitary living environment, and the level of parental income. The relationship between all variables was analyzed by Chi-Square test. The results showed that students were positive Ascariasis was 34.4%. Ascariasis incidence in poor individual hygiene students was 52%, a low level of maternal knowledge was 34,9%, poor environmental sanitation was 29,3%, and a low level of parental income was 37%. Statistical analysis showed there was not significant relationship between the individual hygiene (p=0.06), the level of maternal knowledge (p=1), environmental sanitation (p=0,35), and the parental income (p=0,59) with Ascariasis. Conclusion: Ascariasis incidence in 25 and 28 primary school Purus, Padang in 2013 was not associated with individual hygiene, the level of maternal knowledge, environmental sanitation, and the parental income.

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